Q&A Hero

Q: How many categories of gender does Facebook offer? a. 2 b. 5 c. 10. d. Over 40.

Q: Sociologists have the task of discovering how _____ modify/modifies _____, particularly to determine how "different" becomes translated into "unequal." a. biology; social factors b. social factors; biology c. sex; gender d. primary sex characteristics; biology

Q: A vagina, penis, and other organs related to reproduction make up the a. secondary sex characteristics. b. sociological significance of gender. c. primary sex characteristics. d. tertiary sex characteristics.

Q: The behaviors and attitudes that a society considers proper for its males and females are known as a. primary sex characteristics. b. sex. c. gender stratification. d. gender.

Q: _____ refers to the biological characteristics that distinguish females and males. a. Gender b. Sex c. Gender stratification d. Nurture

Q: The unequal access of males and females to property, power, and prestige is referred to as a. gender stratification. b. sex. c. gender. d. secondary sex characteristics.

Q: The United States government's relocation of Native Americans to reservations is an example of a. direct population transfer. b. friendship. c. indirect population transfer. d. assimilation.

Q: To _____ is to separate acts from feelings or attitudes. a. segregate b. compartmentalize c. assimilate d. encourage pluralism

Q: As whites colonized the United States and expanded westward, what did most Native Americans die from? a. Disease b. Violence c. Starvation d. Segregation

Q: _____ create self-fulfilling stereotypes. a. Labels b. Capitalists c. Functionalists d. The authoritarian personality

Q: Seeing certain features of an object or situation, but remaining blind to others, is a. normal perception. b. a route to greater tolerance, if we apply labels to groups. c. a focus of conflict theorists. d. selective perception.

Q: Conflict theorists say that capitalists use the _____ to expand production during economic booms, and then lay off people during economic contractions. a. split labor market b. overemployed c. reserve labor force d. scapegoats

Q: In conflict theory, a(n) _____ is exploited by owners in order to weaken the bargaining power of workers.a. reserve labor forceb. split labor marketc. selective perceptiond. prejudice

Q: Symbolic interactionists focus on the role of _____ in affecting perception and creating prejudice. a. the authoritarian personality b. labels c. history d. conflict

Q: African Americans, whites, Latinos, and others see themselves only able to make gains at the expense of other groups, according to a. conflict theorists. b. functionalists. c. psychologists. d. symbolic interactionists.

Q: One perspective on prejudice is that it is _____, in that it creates in-group solidarity. a. interactionist b. functional c. dysfunctional d. a product of a split labor market

Q: Someone with an authoritarian personality tends to be a. tolerant of others. b. secure. c. submissive to superiors. d. free of prejudice.

Q: A person or group unfairly blamed for someone's troubles is a(n) a. scapegoat. b. symbolic interactionist. c. authoritarian personality. d. example of selective perception.

Q: In unintentional discrimination, a. the discrimination is deliberate. b. the discrimination is written into law. c. no one is aware of it. d. health care is one area that is exempt.

Q: Presently, the life expectancy for African American females is about _____ years, and for white American females it is _____ years. a. 68; 68 b. 72; 77 c. 83; 89. d. 88; 9.0

Q: _____ mortgage applicants are most frequently offered subprime loans, which charge the highest interest. a. White b. African American c. Wallonian d. Latino

Q: Built into society's institutions, _____ is negative treatment of a minority group. a. institutional prejudice b. unintentional discrimination c. institutional discrimination d. contact theory

Q: . _____ is person-to-person or face-to-face discrimination. a. Institutional discrimination b. Individual discrimination c. Racism d. Prejudice

Q: Ezekiel's research (19..9.5) found that Ku Klux Klan and neo-Nazi leaders believed that race a. represents the essence of a person. b. exists only in the mind. c. is superficial, because all people are the same in the eyes of God. d. is not a rigid category.

Q: According to research, it appears that people in the minority _____ the norms of the dominant group and learn to be _____ their own group. a. are prejudiced against; always tolerant of b. internalize; prejudiced against c. externalize; critical of d. reject; accepting of

Q: Psychologist Eugene Hartley (19..46.) made up the names of three ethnic groupsWallonians, Pireneans, and Danireansand found that people who were prejudiced against Jews and Blacks a. loved the nonexistent Wallonians, Pireans, and Danireans. b. also hated the nonexistent Wallonians, Pireneans, and Danireans. c. praised the nonexistent Wallonians, Pireneans, and Danireans for their support in the struggle against their enemies. d. questioned who the nonexistent Wallonians, Pireneans, and Danireans were.

Q: When it comes to prejudice, a. we are born with it. b. heredity and environment play about equal parts. c. we learn it from the people around us. d. it has all but been eliminated.

Q: Research on _____ has shown that prejudice and negative stereotypes decrease and relations improve when people of different racial"ethnic backgrounds interact frequently. a. heightened discrimination b. the racist mind c. institutional racism d. contact theory

Q: _____ refers to prejudice and discrimination based on race. a. Contact theory b. Racism c. Institutional discrimination d. Unintended discrimination

Q: Usually negative, _____ is an attitude or prejudgment. a. prejudice b. contact theory c. rejecting the norms of a dominant group d. discrimination

Q: _____ is an act of unfair treatment directed against an individual or a group. a. Racism b. Contact theory c. Discrimination d. Prejudice

Q: Julio had a strong sense of ethnic identity. Our ethnic identity is _____ by our group having smaller numbers in a society and being the object of discrimination. a. somewhat lessened b. heightened c. unaffected d. pretty well eliminated

Q: There are two ways that a group can become a minority group. Both involve, in one way or another,a. race.b. ethnic work.c. climate.d. geography.

Q: The idea of racial superiority is a. consistent with some of the evidence. b. a myth. c. generally applied to a group other than one's own. d. undeniably true.

Q: Which of the following statements about race is true? a. Race is a concept that biologists and anthropologists agree upon. b. There are two races. c. Ashley Montagu, a physical anthropologist, classified people into forty racial groups. d. There are two thousand races.

Q: The profusion of skin colors and physical characteristics of different humans is due to a. the development of pure races. b. adaptation to diverse climates and other living conditions as humans spread throughout the world. c. biology rather than evolution. d. the emergence of dominant groups in the last three centuries.

Q: A(n) _____ group is the group with the most power, greatest privileges, and highest social status. a. racial b. established minority c. ethnic d. dominant

Q: People who are singled out for unequal treatment and who regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination make up a(n) a. dominant group. b. ethnic group. c. minority group. d. race.

Q: The difference between ethnicity and race is that ethnicity refers to _____ characteristics, and race to _____ characteristics, distinguishing one group of people from another. a. cultural; inherited physical b. inherited physical; cultural c. dominant group; minority group d. minority group; dominant group

Q: The annihilation or attempted annihilation of a people because of their presumed race or ethnicity is known as a. genocide. b. racial superiority. c. racial purification. d. ethnic work.

Q: _____ refers to a group whose inherited physical characteristics distinguish it from other groups. a. Ethnicity b. Race c. Minority group d. Dominant group

Q: Arrange the six degrees of acceptance/rejection on a continuum from most acceptance to least acceptance: segregation, population transfer, assimilation, genocide, internal colonialism, multiculturalism.

Q: Explain the relationship between labels and genocide.

Q: What is the connection between frustration and scapegoats?

Q: Differentiate between prejudice and discrimination.

Q: Discuss the myth of pure races.

Q: There is _____ prejudice and discrimination in U.S. race"ethnic relations today than there was in the past.a. vastly moreb. somewhat morec. the same amount ofd. less

Q: The concern in some quarters that too many immigrants will change the character of the United States isa. new to the last two decades.b. causing immigration to taper to a trickle.c. age-old.d. confined to California.

Q: Native Americans today speak _____ different languages. a. 3 b. 27. c. 84 d. 16.9.

Q: There is a disagreement among sociologists on whether _____ or race is (are) more important in determining the life chances of African Americans. a. history b. ethnicity c. white ethnics d. social class

Q: Which of the following groups in the United States has the highest median family income? a. Whites b. Asian Americans c. Latinos d. Native Americans

Q: Broadly speaking, the highest percentage of the dominant group in the United States is found in the a. North. b. South. c. East. d. West.

Q: Among Americans of European descent, the largest group comes from a. Germany. b. England. c. Italy. d. Norway.

Q: _____ is an umbrella term for people from any of the Spanish-speaking countries of Latin America. a. Latino b. WASP c. Mexicano d. Cubano

Q: Immigrants to the United States from Poland, Ireland, Italy, and Germany are examples of a. white ethnics. b. WASPS. c. HORNETS. d. Latinos.

Q: WASP stands for a. Women Against Sexual Predestination. b. White Anglo-Saxon Protestant. c. War Against Special Populations. d. White And Selected Populations.

Q: _____ permitsor encouragesethnic differences. a. Functionalism b. Ethnic cleansing c. Multiculturalism d. Compartmentalization

Q: When a group is absorbed into the mainstream culture, this is known asa. assimilation.b. apartheid.c. segregation.d. population transfer.

Q: _____ is a policy of keeping racial"ethnic groups apart. a. Segregation b. Multiculturalism c. Internal colonialism d. Assimilation

Q: _____ exploits minority groups for economic gain. a. Ethnic cleansing b. Internal colonialism c. Population transfer d. Compartmentalization

Q: Forcible expulsion and genocide are types of a. internal colonialism. b. segregation. c. assimilation. d. ethnic cleansing.

Q: Discuss the impact of geography on poverty in the United States.

Q: Discuss research on women in studies of social mobility.

Q: Name three effects of social class on family life.

Q: Describe the underclass.

Q: What are the four characteristics of jobs that have the most prestige?

Q: Going without something in the present in the hope of achieving greater gains in the future is calleda. the geography of poverty.b. deprivation.c. deferred gratification.d. immediate gratification.

Q: The reason why families headed by a mother, rather than by a mother and father or a father alone, are more likely to be poor is becausea. two-parent families are more stable.b. women average only 72% of what men earn.c. women have less education.d. women are less inclined to work if they have children.

Q: Most of the poor a. live on welfare. b. are single mothers and their children. c. live in the inner city. d. are less educated.

Q: Which statement about poverty is true? a. Poverty is unusual. b. Most poor people are poor because they do not want to work. c. More children than adults are poor. d. There is more poverty in urban than in rural areas.

Q: The region of the United States that has the most poverty is the a. South. b. North. c. West. d. East.

Q: The official measure of poverty of the U.S. government is a. called the poverty line. b. kept secret. c. five times a low-cost food budget. d. nine times a low-cost food budget.

Q: What proportion of all African American adults works at white-collar jobs today? a. One-fourth b. More than one-half c. Two-thirds d. More than three-fourths

Q: It is likely to be painful to a. go up the social ladder. b. go down the social ladder. c. move on the social ladder, either up or down. d. remain at the same spot on the social ladder.

Q: In _____ mobility, many people move up the social class ladder, and many move down, with the social class system showing little change. a. downward b. structural c. exchange d. upward

Q: _____ mobility is movement either up or down the social class ladder due more to changes in society than to the actions of individuals. a. Structural b. Upward c. Downward d. Intergenerational

Q: Lee started as a bank teller and 15. years later ended up running the bank. This is an example of _____ mobility. a. upward social b. intergenerational c. downward social d. lateral

Q: In Mexico, Javier was a physician. Javier emigrated to the United States and ended up working as a carpenter (which had been his hobby in Mexico). Javier experienced _____ mobility.a. downward socialb. upward socialc. intergenerationald. exchange

Q: _____ refers to the change that family members make in social class from one generation to the next. a. Structural mobility b. Exchange mobility c. Intergenerational mobility d. Anomie

Q: White-collar crimes are likely to be dealt with a. by the police. b. by the courts. c. outside the criminal justice system. d. by prison sentences.