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Sociology
Q:
In everyday speech, the words fusion and amalgamation are rarely used, but the concept is expressed in the notion of a human ________ in which diverse racial or ethnic groups form a new creation, a new cultural entity.
a. ethnic cleansing
b. stereotype
c. class structure
d. melting pot
Q:
The process by which a dominant group and a subordinate group combine through intermarriage to form a new group is known as ________.
a. amalgamation
b. adaptation
c. marginalization
d. pluralism
Q:
In the context of consequences of subordinate-group status, what does D represent in the equation A+ B+ C → D?
a. an ethnocultural"racial group that is forcefully evicted from certain areas or a country
b. the secession of a subordinate group to move to an already-established nation
c. the segregation of a subordinate group imposed by dominant groups
d. an ethnocultural"racial group that shares some of the characteristics of each initial group
Q:
________ came to mean a policy of separate development devised by the Whites to deal with the multiracial population in South Africa.
a. Holocaust
b. Apartheid
c. Genocide
d. White flight
Q:
The physical separation of racial and ethnic groups reappearing after a period of relative integration is called ________.
a. resegregation
b. recession
c. transitional segregation
d. desegregation
Q:
Which of the following statements is true of segregation?
a. Generally, the dominant group imposes segregation on a subordinate group.
b. Intergroup contact is highly unlikely to occur in most segregated societies.
c. Complete segregation is a frequent phenomenon.
d. Segregation by race, ethnicity, and religion occurs solely in the U.S.
Q:
Which of the following terms refers to the physical separation of two groups of people in terms of residence, workplace, and social functions?
a. assimilation
b. amalgamation
c. segregation
d. pluralism
Q:
Secession is ________.
a. the physical separation of two groups in residence, workplace, and social functions
b. the withdrawal of a group of people from a dominant group to establish a new nation
c. the eviction of a specific subordinate group from certain areas or even a nation
d. the deliberate, systematic killing of an entire population or people
Q:
________ occurs when a specific subordinate group is forced by dominant groups to leave certain areas or even vacate a country.
a. Expulsion
b. Extermination
c. Segregation
d. Secession
Q:
The term ________ refers to the forced deportation of people, accompanied by systematic violence including death.
a. apartheid
b. segmented assimilation
c. ethnic cleansing
d. fusion
Q:
The ________ was the state-sponsored systematic persecution and annihilation of European Jewry by Nazi Germany and its collaborators.
a. Bisho massacre
b. Holocaust
c. Zionism
d. Apartheid
Q:
According to the spectrum of intergroup status, which of the following relationships is more tolerant to the subordinate group?
a. secession
b. expulsion
c. pluralism
d. extermination
Q:
Which of the following statements is true of colonialism?
a. Colonialism is not a rule by outsiders but rather a rule by a nation's inside forces.
b. Colonialism extends usually for a short duration and does not include long-standing control.
c. Colonialism does not involve actual incorporation into the dominant people's nation.
d. Colonial subjects are generally not limited to menial jobs.
Q:
The maintenance of political, social, economic, and cultural dominance over people by a foreign power for an extended period of time is known as ________.
a. republicanism
b. altruism
c. ethnocentrism
d. colonialism
Q:
When annexation occurs, ________.
a. the subordinate group is completely evicted from a nation
b. nations seek a separate land particularly after devastation caused by a war
c. the dominant power generally suppresses the language and culture of the minority
d. the minority accepts the culture of the dominant group and loses its cultural integrity
Q:
The worldwide integration of government policies, cultures, social movements, and financial markets through trade and the exchange of ideas is known as ________.
a. communization
b. privatization
c. globalization
d. nationalization
Q:
Which of the following terms describes leaving a country to settle in another?
a. emigration
b. immigration
c. naturalization
d. amalgamation
Q:
In certain situations, an individual may respond to stereotypes and act on them, with the result that false definitions become accurate. This is known as ________.
a. ethnic cleansing
b. the melting pot metaphor
c. a self-fulfilling prophecy
d. segmented assimilation
Q:
Unreliable generalizations about all members of a group that do not take individual differences into account are known as ________.
a. equities
b. pluralities
c. scapegoats
d. stereotypes
Q:
Which of the following theories explains why certain people are viewed as deviant and others engaging in the same behavior as not deviant?
a. ethnocentric theory
b. functionalist theory
c. labeling theory
d. contact theory
Q:
William Ryan's phrase "blaming the victim" refers to ________.
a. the dominance of the minority group over the racial majority
b. the efforts undertaken by society to protect racial and ethnic minorities
c. criticisms made by dominant groups against the government
d. the portrayal of the problems of racial and ethnic minorities as their fault
Q:
Which of the following perspectives on race and ethnicity tends to emphasize group tensions between the privileged and the exploited?
a. conflict perspective
b. labeling perspective
c. ethnocentric perspective
d. functionalist perspective
Q:
Which of the following theoretical perspectives emphasizes how the parts of society are structured to maintain its stability?
a. conflict perspective
b. functionalist perspective
c. macro-sociological perspective
d. labeling perspective
Q:
According to sociologist Max Weber's classic definition, class refers to social ranking of people who share ________.
a. related cultural values
b. similar perspectives
c. similar wealth
d. similar physical characteristics
Q:
The structured ranking of entire groups of people that perpetuates unequal rewards and power in a society is called ________.
a. emigration
b. stratification
c. marginalization
d. amalgamation
Q:
Which of the following statements best defines marginality?
a. the social ranking of people in a country
b. the status of being between two cultures
c. the process of transformation of racial categories
d. the development of solidarity between ethnic subgroups
Q:
The development of solidarity between ethnic subgroups is called ________.
a. ethnocentrism
b. marginality
c. familism
d. panethnicity
Q:
When belief in the inheritance of behavior patterns is coupled with the feeling that certain groups are inherently superior to others, it is called ________.
a. racism
b. pacifism
c. socialism
d. altruism
Q:
The Bell Curve presented the research of Herrnstein and Murray on the IQ, where they claimed that ________.
a. 60 percent of IQ is inheritable
b. IQ is independent of one's cultural heritage
c. Whites and Blacks have similar IQ levels
d. women have higher IQ than men
Q:
Recent research shows that differences in intelligence scores between Blacks and Whites are almost eliminated when ________.
a. they take the exam in a familiar environment
b. adjustments are made for social and economic characteristics
c. spelling and grammatical mistakes are not taken into account
d. Blacks are given additional time to complete the test
Q:
________ is the ratio of a person's mental age to his or her chronological age, multiplied by 100, with 100 representing average intelligence and higher scores representing greater intelligence.
a. Emotional intelligence appraisal
b. Malleability of intelligence
c. Intelligence quotient
d. Spiritual intelligence
Q:
The idea of biological race is based on the mistaken notion of a ________.
a. genetically isolated human group
b. variation in skin color
c. level of physical attractiveness
d. distinctive cultural pattern
Q:
The concept of race is ________.
a. ascertained by blood type
b. based on economic differences
c. culturally determined
d. socially constructed
Q:
Sociologists consider Jewish Americans as an ethnic group because ________.
a. culture is a more defining trait for them worldwide than is religious doctrine
b. they share a religious orientation that goes beyond their cultural tradition
c. they are a religious minority in the United States
d. Christianity is the dominant religious tradition in the United States
Q:
In 1900, African American sociologist W.E.B. Du Bois called attention to the overwhelming importance of ________ throughout the world.
a. the class structure
b. the color line
c. cultural diversity
d. globalization
Q:
The cultural traits that make groups distinctive usually originate from their ________.
a. religious faiths
b. physical attributes
c. preferences
d. homelands
Q:
Ricardo is a White Hispanic residing in the United States. He speaks Spanish and strictly follows a vegetarian diet. Having been brought up in a conservative family, he believes in the sanctity of marriage. He strongly supports the idea that a person should be only with one partner throughout his or her life. His ideologies differentiate him from the dominant population. In this scenario, it is most likely that Ricardo belongs to a(n) ________.
a. racial group
b. ethnic group
c. religious group
d. gender group
Q:
Which of the following factors distinguishes ethnic minority groups from the dominant group?
a. skin color
b. religion
c. language
d. physical feature
Q:
________ are set apart from others because of their national origin or distinctive cultural patterns.
a. Gender groups
b. Ethnic groups
c. Racial groups
d. Formal groups
Q:
In the United States, people have traditionally classified themselves racially as either ________.
a. Protestant or Catholic
b. Democrat or Republican
c. Black or White
d. American or Hispanic
Q:
The term ________ is reserved for minorities and the corresponding majorities that are socially set apart because of obvious physical differences.
a. racial group
b. ethnic group
c. economic group
d. religious group
Q:
Which of the following is a reason for members of a subordinategroup generally marrying within their group?
a. Members of a subordinate group stand to gain economically by marrying within their own group.
b. Members of a subordinate group have a strong sense of group solidarity that discourages marriage to outsiders.
c. It is considered illegal for subordinate group members and dominant group members to marry.
d. The voting rights of members of a subordinate group will be revoked if they marry outside their group.
Q:
Members of a minority or subordinate group ________.
a. generally marry outside their group
b. become a part of the group voluntarily
c. are political equals of the majority group
d. have distinguishing cultural characteristics
Q:
Membership in a dominant or minority group is ________.
a. a personal choice
b. not voluntary
c. not mandatory
d. discretionary
Q:
Which of the following is a characteristic of a minority or subordinate group?
a. voluntary membership
b. broad spectrum of life's opportunities
c. unequal treatment
d. unawareness of subordination
Q:
Which of the following sentences best represents the sociological concept of minority?
a. a group that experiences a narrowing of life's opportunities
b. a group that consists less than 50 percent of the population
c. a condition defined exclusively in terms of physical traits
d. a condition that does not have negative effects in a democracy
Q:
In sociology, a majority is the same as a ________.
a. subsidiary group
b. marginalized group
c. dominant group
d. subordinate group
Q:
A(n) ________ is a subordinate group whose members have significantly less control or power over their own lives than do members of a dominant group.
a. minority group
b. governing group
c. stratified group
d. elite group
Q:
________ describes the outcome of immigrants and their descendants moving in to different classes of the host society.
Q:
The term ________ is used to describe the deliberate, systematic killing of an entire people or nation.
Q:
Which theory views the global economic system as divided between nations that control wealth and those that provide natural resources and labor?
Q:
________ occurs when a minority and a majority group combine to form a new group.
a. Expulsion
b. Fusion
c. Annihilation
d. Segregation
Q:
According to the spectrum of intergroup status, which of the following relationships is largely unacceptable to the subordinate group?a. fusionb. assimilationc. pluralismd. extermination
Q:
The conflict perspective is viewed as more radical and activist than functionalism because ________.
a. conflict theorists overlook economic disparity
b. conflict theorists emphasize social change
c. conflict theorists consider the redistribution of resources as unimportant
d. conflict theorists underline social stability
Q:
The racial and ethnic landscape is subject to change and different interpretations because ________.
a. it is constructed socially
b. it is conceived naturally
c. it is culturally homogeneous
d. it stagnates racial formation
Q:
The sociohistorical process by which racial categories are created, inhabited, transformed, and destroyed is known as ________.
a. racial formation
b. ethnocentrism
c. stratification
d. racial labeling
Q:
Which of the following statements is true of gender groups?
a. Women are physically indistinguishable.
b. Membership in gender groups is involuntary.
c. Men are lowered to the position of the social minority.
d. Women encounter prejudice and discrimination.
Q:
In sociology, minority refers to the ________ group.
a. dominant
b. subordinate
c. ruling
d. sovereign
Q:
Minority group females are doubly oppressed.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The tensions and resentments we have studied in the United States are mirrored in the global system of societies.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The United States is neither the most nor the least diverse country in the world.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Problems of minority group equality and access will eventually solve themselves or fade away.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Since the middle of the twentieth century, minority groups have demanded greater openness, fairness, equality, respect for their traditions, and justice.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Survival and success in the United States for all minority groups has had more to do with group processes than with individual will or motivation.
a. True
b. False
Q:
There is so much sadness, misery, and unfairness in the history of minority groups that evidence of progress sometimes goes unnoticed.
a. True
b. False
Q:
An example of integration at the secondary level is intermarriage with members of the dominant group on a large-scale basis.
a. True
b. False
Q:
An example of cultural assimilation or acculturation would be an immigrant from India changing his or her eating habits to "American foods," such as hamburgers and french fries instead of curry and rice.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Today, white ethnic groups are equal with (or above) national norms in terms of average income, education, unemployment, and other measures of economic success.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The most important characteristic of a subordinate minority group is that it is dominated by a more powerful group.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The major limitation of racial taxonomies is that they cannot provide clear lines between racial groups.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Societies are divided into horizontal layers (or strata) called social classes. These classes differ from one another in the amount of resources they command.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Intersectionality refers to the complexities of differences within groups that have been discussed within the texts.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Members of ethnic minority groups cannot also be members of racial minority groups.
a. True
b. False
Q:
According to the author, survival and success in America for all minority groups has more to do with group processes than individual will or motivation.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The author suggests that the question for the future might not be so much "unity or diversity?" as "what blend of pluralistic and assimilationist policies will serve us best into the twenty-first century?"
a. True
b. False
Q:
Among Hispanic Americans and Asian Americans, the amount of assimilation may vary significantly, depending on newness of immigration, language skills, and to which generation they belong.
a. True
b. False
Q:
African Americans are highly acculturated but not highly integrated into American society.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Native Americans are probably the least assimilated minority group due to their high rates of intermarriage.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The diversity within a minority group is minimal compared to the diversity between groups.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Institutional discrimination is always obvious, overt, and intentionally discriminatory.
a. True
b. False