Q&A Hero

Q: The Alien Land Act: a. Declared aliens who were ineligible for citizenship to be also ineligible to own land b. Was one part of a sustained campaign against the Japanese in the United States c. Both A and B above d. None of the above

Q: Associations based on the region or district in China from which the immigrants had come were called: a. Tsongs b. Huiguan c. Labor unions d. None of the above e. All of the above

Q: The delayed second generation for the Chinese Americans may have reinforced their exclusion because: a. Children of immigrants are usually more acculturated b. Members of the second generation were citizens of the United States by birth c. The second generation has legal and political rights not available to their parents d. All of the above e. None of the above

Q: Given the information presented in the text, what points can be made regarding the "success" of Chinese and Japanese Americans compared to other racial minorities? a. It is due to the fact that the Japanese and Chinese are more likely to have "good values." b. It illustrates that there is true economic opportunity regardless of race. c. It is consistent with the predictions of culture of poverty theory. d. It shows that affirmative action is not really necessary, only hard work and perseverance. e. It illustrates the clear economic differences between groups who voluntarily immigrated and those that were colonized.

Q: Which of the following is true regarding the educational achievements of Asian Americans? a. Both the men and women of all Asian American groups exceed national norms. b. Asian American groups are variable in educational achievement. The men of most groups exceed national norms but not as many of the women. c. Only Asian American women actually exceed national norms. The men are much less educated. d. Only Chinese, Vietnamese, and Japanese Americans actually exceed national norms. e. Asian American groups just do not succeed as much as other immigrant groups in the area of education.

Q: The most acculturated Asian American group is: a. Japanese Americans b. Chinese Americans c. Korean Americans d. Vietnamese Americans e. Indian Americans

Q: The Current Debates section presented Professor Harry Kitano's view on the nature and causes of Asian American success. In general, his argument is: a. A cultural explanation consistent with traditional assimilation theory and human capital theory b. A cultural explanation that includes values such as respect for authority figures, hard work and thriftiness, and conformity and politeness c. Structural explanation that emphasizes contact situations, modes of incorporation, enclave economies, group cohesion, position in the labor market, and institutionalized discrimination d. All of the above e. A and B

Q: __________ Americans are probably the most acculturated of the Asian American groups while __________ Americans, in contrast, are highly variable in their extent of acculturation. a. Chinese, Japanese b. Japanese, Chinese c. Japanese, Vietnamese d. Chinese, Vietnamese e. Chinese, Thai

Q: Which of the following is least likely to be a member of the secondary labor market? a. Undocumented aliens b. Recent arrivals who do not have connections to the job market c. Political refugees d. The less skilled and educated e. Employees at international conglomerates

Q: The "birthmark" or socially constructed boundary that allows for systematic discrimination of the Buraku people is: a. Skin color that differs from the general population b. Language differences from the general population c. Religious differences from the general population d. Residential areas that differ from the general population e. Marriage practices that differ from the general population

Q: Which of the following is incorrect regarding the Buraku of Japan? a. The Buraku people are a minority and fit all parts of the definition stated in Chapter 1except that there is no physical, cultural, religious, or linguistic difference between them and other Japanese. b. The ancestors of today's Buraku people did work that was regarded as very low in status (they worked with leather), and their practitioners were seen as being "unclean" or polluted. c. They were forbidden to marry outside their caste. d. Any member of the general population who touched a member of the Buraku class had to be ritually purified or cleansed of pollution. e. The Buraku people were integrated into village life but had to wear leather identification badges much like Jews in Nazi Germany.

Q: What factors account for the differences in the development of Chinese Americans and Japanese Americans and other racial minority groups? a. Chinese Americans and Japanese Americans were seen as a threat to security that needed to be eliminated, not as a labor pool that needed to be controlled. b. Japanese Americans in the early twentieth century presented no military danger to the larger society, so there was little concern with their activities once the economic threat had been eliminated. c. Chinese Americans and Japanese Americans were allowed to "disappear" in enclaves, but unlike other racial minority groups, the urban location of their enclaves left them with opportunities for schooling for later generations. d. All of the above e. A and B only

Q: One factor contributing to the high status of Japanese Americans is that unlike _____________ Americans, the number of immigrants from Japan has been quite small, and the community has not had to devote many resources to newcomers. a. Thai b. Lao c. Vietnamese d. Chinese e. All of the above

Q: Which statement is true about Japanese Americans following World War II? a. They did not rebuild their ethnic enclave. b. They moved into the Chinatowns with other Asian Americans. c. They rebuilt their economic enclave based on farming and gardening and small business. d. Most returned to Japan. e. They returned to the predominantly rural areas they preferred.

Q: Which groups were sent to relocation camps during World War II? a. Japanese Americans living in the western United States b. All Japanese Americans, regardless of residence c. Only Japanese who were not U.S. citizens d. All Asian Americans living on the West Coast e. Immigrants from all of the countries that the United States was at war with, including Japanese, Italians, and Germans

Q: A Nisei is: a. An immigrant from Japan b. A Japanese war bride c. An immigrant from Korea d. A second generation immigrant from Japan e. A temporary worker from Japan

Q: By 1960, Japanese Americans had an occupational profile _________to that of whites except that they were ____________ among professionals. a. similar, overrepresented b. similar, underrepresented c. different, overrepresented d. different, underrepresented e. It's hard to tell as data weren't routinely gathered about Asian Americans until the 1980s

Q: The Chinese established small businesses because: a. They were not in competition and could remain "invisible" b. As merchants, they were allowed to send for their wives and children from China c. They could provide needed services for their own group d. They offered unique services such as Chinese restaurants or laundries e. All of the above

Q: The primary opponents of Chinese in America were: a. The native-born workers and organized labor b. Mexican workers who needed the jobs held by Chinese c. Native Americans who felt extreme threats from Chinese land speculators d. None of the above e. All of the above

Q: Which group established an ethnic enclave similar to the Cubans? a. Japanese b. Chinese c. Vietnamese d. Filipinos e. Indians

Q: At the end of the nineteenth century, Chinese men in the United States outnumbered Chinese women by: a. 5 to 1 b. 10 to 1 c. 25 to 1 d. 35 to 1 e. None of the above; there were as many women as men

Q: The Chinese who immigrated to the United States in the nineteenth century were mostly: a. Older males b. Older females c. Younger males d. Younger females e. Families

Q: Taken all together, Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders comprise slightly less than _____ of the total population. a. 1% b. 5% c. 8% d. 13% e. 15%

Q: Asian cultures, unlike Western cultures, tend not to stress: a. Individualism b. Shame c. Obedience d. Sensitivity to the opinion of others e. Not giving offense

Q: Asian Americans have similar cultural traits: a. They stress group membership over individual self-interest b. They stress sensitivity to the opinions and judgments of others c. Their cultures were traditionally male dominated d. Avoidance of public embarrassment and not giving offense e. All of the above

Q: Asian Americans have common features: a. They are tiny fractions of the U.S. population b. Most groups have grown dramatically in recent decades c. They have had common experiences in the United States d. A and B above e. None of the above

Q: Which of the following Asian groups are considered "model minorities"? a. Japanese and Chinese b. Koreans and East Indians c. Vietnamese and Cambodians d. None of the above e. All of the above

Q: Like Hispanic-Americans, Asian-Americans identify themselves primarily by their country of origin. a. True b. False

Q: The scarcity of Chinese women in the United States delayed the second generation of Chinese. a. True b. False

Q: Asian culture tends to support individuals over the group self-interest. a. True b. False

Q: In the early twentieth century, due to the Chinese Exclusion Act, Chinese men outnumbered women by a ratio of 25 to 1. a. True b. False

Q: The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, one of the nation's first restrictive immigration laws, banned virtually all immigration from China for many years. a. True b. False

Q: Asian Americans are called the "model minority" and they are proud to be seen so positively. a. True b. False

Q: Taken as a group, Asian Americans tend to be more residentially segregated than either African Americans or Hispanic Americans a. True b. False

Q: Asian American groups are generally less residentially segregated than either African Americans or Hispanic Americans. a. True b. False

Q: Buraku people of Japan are virtually indistinguishable from the general population. There is no physical, cultural, religious, or linguistic difference between them and other Japanese, yet Buraku people are a minority who have been discriminated against for centuries. a. True b. False

Q: One indication of the shift away from an enclave economy was the fact that the percentage of Japanese American women in California who worked as unpaid family laborers declined from 1940 to 1950. a. True b. False

Q: The Issei-dominated enclave economy reappeared after the war. a. True b. False

Q: In the relocation camps, the first-generation Japanese regained their power over family decision making. a. True b. False

Q: Ironically, the status of Japanese women improved during their incarceration in the relocation camps, as their pay increased and they were freed from traditional housework. a. True b. False

Q: Some Japanese men left the camps by volunteering for military service, and while their families remained behind barbed wire, they served in two of the most decorated units in American military history. a. True b. False

Q: During World War II, the United States placed all of its citizens from enemy countries (Germans, Italians, and Japanese) in relocation camps. a. True b. False

Q: As the Chinese formed Chinatowns in U.S. cities, the Japanese also settled primarily in urban enclaves. a. True b. False

Q: Because the Japanese, like other Asians, were not allowed to obtain citizenship, their land ownership was threatened by the Alien Land Act. a. True b. False

Q: Because Chinese Americans today are so highly educated, they find no barriers to the highest, most lucrative positions. a. True b. False

Q: World War II was important for Chinese Americans because they were forced out of their homes and jobs and moved to "relocation centers." a. True b. False

Q: Under traditional Confucianism, women in Asia were expected to be subordinate to men, chaste, shy, attractive, and domestic. a. True b. False

Q: Many of the occupational and financial advances made by Chinese Americans and Japanese Americans have been due to the high levels of education achieved by the second generation. a. True b. False

Q: The Asian cultural values that explain the success of Asian Americans include respect for elders and authority figures, hard work and thriftiness, and conformity and politeness. a. True b. False

Q: The structural explanation of Asian American success in the United States emphasizes contact situation, enclave economies, and group cohesion. a. True b. False

Q: Chinatowns became highly organized and successful communities. a. True b. False

Q: Many recent Chinese immigrants are highly educated and skilled, but a sizeable number are immigrant laborers who bring modest educational credentials and are likely to be living in poverty. a. True b. False

Q: Asian Americans whose families have been in the United States longer tend to be highly acculturated and integrated. a. True b. False

Q: The notion that Asian Americans are a "model minority" is totally false. a. True b. False

Q: Levels of acculturation and secondary structural assimilation are similar for all Asian American groups. a. True b. False

Q: During World War II Japanese Americans were forced into relocation camps. a. True b. False

Q: Chinese immigrants were the victims of a massive campaign of discrimination and exclusion and responded by constructing enclaves. a. True b. False

Q: It appears that the traditional dichotomy of the black-white racial order cannot persist. a. True b. False

Q: The movement of people from Mexico to the U.S. that began in the 1960s and accelerated late in the twentieth century, was the second largest immigration of people from a single nation in history. a. True b. False

Q: Today 15% of the Mexican population lives in the United States. a. True b. False

Q: The survival vitality of Latino cultures in the U.S. has been greater due to continuous and recent immigration. a. True b. False

Q: Primary structural assimilation for Hispanic Americans with the dominant group is greater than for African Americans. a. True b. False

Q: Poverty, unemployment, and lower levels of educational attainment continue to be problems for Hispanic groups, with the exception of Cuban Americans. a. True b. False

Q: Levels of acculturation for Hispanic Americans are similar across all groups. a. True b. False

Q: Two of the three largest groups of Hispanic Americans include Mexican Americans and Cuban Americans. a. True b. False

Q: Mexican Americans remain a colonized minority group and have been systematically excluded from opportunities for upward mobility by institutional discrimination and segregation. a. True b. False

Q: Ethnic identity is different from racial identity. Thus, Hispanics may be of any race. a. True b. False

Q: Many sociologists consider Cuban Americans a "success story" because they earn more than Puerto Ricans and Mexicans. However, the poverty rate for Cuban Americans is still three times as high as it is for non-Hispanic whites. a. True b. False

Q: Evidence that illustrates the effectiveness of the ethnic enclave as a pathway for adaptation is the difference in Mexican and Cuban incomesCubans tend to make much more money than Mexicans. a. True b. False

Q: In "Images of Latinas," Judith Ortiz Cofer argues that stereotypes of Latin women such as "the good housemaid" and the "hot tamale" have changed over time as Mexican Americans have assimilated into U.S. culture. a. True b. False

Q: Among Hispanics, a split labor market exists that results in women being among the lowest paid and most exploited in the labor market. a. True b. False

Q: Hispanics are much more likely to register and to vote in national elections than non-Hispanics. a. True b. False

Q: According to some sociologists, colonized minority groups such as Chicanos and Puerto Ricans have not been encouraged to assimilate because they are valued primarily for their cheap labor and are seen as otherwise less valuable. a. True b. False

Q: Depending on context, the term Hispanic can have negative meanings and controversial connotations. For one thing, it may reinforce the mistaken perception that all Spanish-speaking peoples are the same. a. True b. False

Q: Hispanic Americans are an ethnic minority group, not a racial minority group. a. True b. False

Q: Prejudices faced by Mexican Americans (e.g., lazy, unmotivated) were incorporated into the dominant culture and were transferred to Puerto Ricans when they began to arrive on the mainland. a. True b. False

Q: Contrary to the perception that they are "unmelted," research shows that Hispanic groups follow many of the same patterns of assimilation as European groups. a. True b. False

Q: Ethnic enclaves can only develop when business and financial expertise and capital are combined with a disciplined labor force. a. True b. False

Q: The Marielitos were all undesirables, convicted criminals, and outcasts. a. True b. False

Q: In Puerto Rico, distinctions of race are much more important than distinctions of class. a. True b. False