Q&A Hero

Q: Puerto Rican migration was unlike Mexican migration because the people of Puerto Rico were already established as U.S. citizens since 1917. a. True b. False

Q: The initial contact between Puerto Ricans and Americans was in the context of war and conquest. a. True b. False

Q: In the 1960s a very intense and militant protest movement emerged, guided by the ideology of Chicanismo. a. True b. False

Q: The term Chicano, like the term black, was originally derogatory when used by the dominant culture. a. True b. False

Q: Mexican Americans often played important leadership roles in the labor movement, particularly in agriculture and mining. a. True b. False

Q: Mexican immigrants, both undocumented and legal, exist at a similar level of poverty as they would if they lived in Mexico. a. True b. False

Q: During Operation Wetback, raids on homes and places of business often resulted in the violations of civil and legal rights of U.S. citizens of Mexican descent. a. True b. False

Q: During the repatriation campaign, many legal immigrants and native-born Mexican Americans were forced into moving to Mexico. a. True b. False

Q: If we look at the immigration patterns since 1900, it can be argued that Mexicans have served as a reserve labor pool for the benefit of U.S. businesses, agricultural interests, and other groups. a. True b. False

Q: Although the concept of "machismo" has a negative connotation to the dominant culture, the term has positive meanings for Hispanics, such as "being a good provider and a respected father." a. True b. False

Q: Today, most social analysts see Mexican Americans in terms of the "culture of poverty" perspective and justify their lower status as a result of an unhealthy value system. a. True b. False

Q: Hispanic Americans are the largest minority group in the United States. a. True b. False

Q: Hispanic Americans are an ethnic group. a. True b. False

Q: Hispanic Americans share a language and some cultural traits, but they do not think of themselves as a single social entity. a. True b. False

Q: For decades, Mexican immigration to the United States has flowed according to a. U.S. immigration policy. b. opportunities for work. c. the strength of the Border Patrol. d. the war on drugs in Mexico.

Q: Compared to a ghetto, an enclave is a. controlled by members. b. dependent on acculturation into the dominant group's culture and language. c. located in a rural area. d. supported by the culture of poverty.

Q: Compared to Cuban immigrants who immigrated during the 1980s, Cubans who immigrated to the U.S. during the height of the cold war were perceived a. suspiciously. b. warmly. c. with disgust. d. with hostility.

Q: Stella tells her children that most Mexican Americans have a weak work ethic and are uneducated. Stella is stereotyping Mexican Americans using a. the culture of poverty. b. irrational cognitions. c. affective stereotypes. d. a discrete prejudice.

Q: As language acculturation increases for Hispanic groups, education and length of residency also increase. a. True b. False

Q: Cuban immigrants are to __________ as Puerto Ricans are to __________. a. Texas; Florida b. Florida; the Northeast c. the southwest; California d. New York; California

Q: Which view of the American racial order is similar to Gordon's assimilation model? a. Thinning b. Darkening c. Whitening d. Browning

Q: Cesar Chavez's protest tactics are best described as a. violent and explosive. b. disorganized and effective. c. intimidating and subliminal. d. direct and nonviolent.

Q: Which name originated from the minority group itself? a. Negro b. Chicano c. Latino d. Hispanic

Q: Which group invented the term Latino? a. American Indians b. Cuban Americans C. Puerto Ricans d. Anglo-Americans

Q: Which statement is true of Puerto Ricans? a. They are primarily Native American. b. They are primarily African. c. They are a racial group, not an ethnic group. d. They are a mixture of white and black ancestry.

Q: The current high rates of Hispanic immigration mean that the majority of Hispanic groups are a. illegal citizens. b. first generation. c. Puerto Ricans. d. born American.

Q: One difference between Mexican Americans in the 20th century and African Americans in the segregated South is that African Americans were disenfranchised and Mexican Americans were not. a. True b. False

Q: Raids on Mexican American homes and places of business, the deportation of U.S. citizens of Mexican descent, and other violations of civil and legal rights that occurred during the 1950s were a direct result of a. Operation Wetback. b. the Bracero Program. c. World War II. d. the North American Free Trade Agreement .

Q: Which of the following events resulted in a decrease in United States immigration from Mexico? a. The Mexican Revolution b. Mexican industrialization c. The Great Depression d. World War II

Q: Theories concerning the racial future of America include all but which of the below: Whitening b. Browning c. Racial trichotomy d. Status quo

Q: During the recent immigration from Mexico to the US, about 12 million people came into the country, ___% illegal.a. 20b. 51c. 78d. 10

Q: Primary structural assimilation is greater for Hispanics than: a. African Americans or American Indians b. African Americans or Asian Americans c. Jewish Americans or American Indians d. African Americans or Italian Americans

Q: Recent Hispanic undocumented immigrants usually find jobs in the United States that ____. a. are below minimum wage and paid off the books b. are based in California near the Mexico border c. pay above the minimum wage with benefits d. None of the above

Q: Hispanics make up ___ of the voting age population. a. 40% b. 15% c. 20% d. 30%

Q: Anti-Latino prejudice and racism tend to increase ____. a. When the economy is booming b. During times of high immigration c. When there is a democratic president d. As globalization increases

Q: What is an enclave minority? a. A minority that depends on the service sector for their growth in the city of choice b. A social, economic, and cultural sub-society controlled by the group itself c. Minorities ordered to reside and work in a certain geographical region d. A situation that considers the race, class, and gender of the person to relocate him or her into a lucrative job

Q: The Latino population is growing because of _____. a. Economic and environmental changes b. Job availability and lower cost of living c. High birthrates and immigration d. Greater acceptance of immigration

Q: The diverse Hispanic American experience or pattern of adjustment to the larger society illustrates some of the fundamental forces that shape the experiences of minority groups: a. The split labor market and the U.S. appetite for cheap labor b. The impact of industrialization c. The dangers of a permanent urban underclass d. The persistence of race as a primary dividing line between people and groups e. All of the above

Q: The lower levels of education for Hispanic Americans relative to other Americans are a result of: a. The cumulative result of decades of systematic discrimination and exclusion b. Hispanic Americans not being able to go to school because of the need to work c. Limited opportunities for upward mobility for some generations d. A and C above e. None of the above

Q: Which of the following is not true of Mexican immigrationboth legal and undocumented? a. Mexican immigrants tend to be destitute and impoverished. b. Mexican immigrants tend to have higher literacy and educational levels than comparable people in their homeland. c. Mexican immigrants are responding to the continuous demand for cheap labor in the United States. Mexican immigrants are responding to the fact that there are relatively few higher paying jobs in Mexico. d. Mexican immigrants seek the much greater level of opportunity that exists in the United States. e. All of the above

Q: Which of the following is untrue regarding Latino acculturation to the United States? a. Latino groups are highly variable in their extent of acculturation but are often "slower" to change than other immigrants (e.g., learning English and adopting Anglo customs). b. Hispanics follow many of the same patterns of assimilation as European groups. c. Rates of acculturation increase with length of residence and are higher for the native born. d. While acculturation continues, Hispanic culture and the Spanish language are revitalized by immigration. e. What is perceived to be slow acculturation for Latino groups is mostly the result of fast and continuous immigration.

Q: Hispanic Americans' primary structural assimilation with the dominant group is _______ than it is for African Americans and ________ than for Native Americans. a. greater, lesser b. greater, greater c. lesser, greater d. lesser, lesser e. about the same, about the same

Q: Which of the following most closely resembles the goals of Operation Wetback? a. A 1942 program to bring in contract laborers from Mexico b. A 1950s government program to deport illegal immigrants from Mexico c. A 1965 program to give priority to Mexican immigrants who had family and kin that were U.S. citizens d. A 1986 program to allow illegal immigrants who had been in the country since 1982 to legalize their status e. A 1994 proposition in California that barred illegal immigrants from receiving any taxpayer-paid benefits such as publicly-funded health care or education

Q: Which of the following are the most prominent differences between Mexican Americans and Anglo Americans? a. Mexican Americans don't emphasize family relations as much as do Anglo Americans, in part because of the nature of seasonal labor that often requires staying away from their homes for long periods of time. b. Mexican Americans tend to be more active in religious life (e.g., church attendance) than Anglo Americans. c. No matter how similar their length of residence in the United States, social class, and educational backgrounds is to other Americans, Mexican Americans still tend to have different value systems. d. The dominant society (i.e., Anglo American society) is largely Protestant while most Mexican Americans are Catholic. e. Mexican Americans tend to support "machismo," while Anglo Americans don't.

Q: Which of the following people are most closely associated with the Chicano movement? a. Reies Lopez Tijerina, Jose Angel Gutierrez, Cesar Chvez b. Lopez Tijuana, Romeo Gonzalez, Jose Angel Gutierrez c. Cesar Chvez, Romeo Gonzalez, Jose Angel Gutierrez d. Jose Angel Gutierrez, Cesar Romeo, Romeo Gonzalez e. Jose Angel Gutierrez, Cesar Romeo, Reies Lopez Tijerina

Q: According to Chicanismo, the solution to the problems experienced by Mexican Americans included: a. Increased education, the development of ethnic enclaves, and increased militancy b. Increased education, peaceful protest, and group pride c. Peaceful protest, the development of ethnic enclaves, and group pride d. Peaceful protest aimed at changing laws that banned discrimination against Mexican Americans e. Empowerment, increased militancy, and group pride

Q: _________ is to race as __________ is to ethnicity. a. White, black b. Hispanic, white c. African American, Cuban American d. White, Cuban American e. Cuban American, Puerto Rican

Q: Which of the following are examples of ethnicity? a. White, black b. Hispanic, white c. Puerto Rican, Cuban American d. White, Russian American e. All of the above

Q: Which of the following is incorrect regarding the assimilation of Mexican Americans? a. They have experienced less social mobility than European immigrant groups and have maintained their traditional culture and language more completely. b. Like African Americans, the group is split along lines of social class c. A large segment continues to fill the same economic role as their ancestors: an unskilled labor force. d. The traditional model of assimilation describes the experiences of Mexican Americans very well. e. The traditional model of assimilation does not describe the experiences of Mexican Americans very well.

Q: The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTa. is probably the most significant source of recent changes to Mexican society. Its effects include: a. A net increase in the number of jobs in Mexico b. Increased wages and reduced poverty c. Decreased wages and increased poverty d. A net decrease in the number of jobs in Mexico e. C and D

Q: Among Hispanic Americans, English fluency: a. Increases by generation and is greatest for people who have been in the United States the longest b. Is very low and decreases with length of residence c. Is very high; most Latino immigrants arrive with a good knowledge of English d. Is extremely low for those who speak Spanish at home e. Does not correlate with economic success for all Hispanics

Q: During the Great Depression, unemployment rates soared and competition for jobs increased. As a result, efforts to expel Mexican laborers began, as __________________ would predict. a. Max Weber b. Gerhard Lenski c. the Robber's Cave experiment d. the Noel hypothesis e. the Blauner hypothesis

Q: Contrary to the traditional view of assimilation, success for Cuban Americans is associated with: a. Higher levels of acculturation and integration b. Lower levels of acculturation and integration c. Residence outside of South Florida d. Willingness to become fluent in English e. Two-wage-earner families

Q: Based on the information presented in the text, which of the following individuals would probably have the highest income? a. A Cuban American male self-employed within the enclave b. A Cuban American male who works for a firm owned by another Cuban American c. A Mexican American male who works for a firm owned by a non-Hispanic white d. A Puerto Rican male who works for a firm owned by a non-Hispanic white e. A Cuban American female who does domestic work

Q: Cuban Americans were a very small group until a revolution in Cuba in the late: a. 1930s b. 1950s c. 1960s d. 1970s e. 1980s

Q: In a study presented in the text, Puerto Rican students were asked for their racial identification. Most answered: a. Tan b. Black c. White d. Grey e. Biracial

Q: Puerto Ricans tend to see race as: a. Not very important, as Puerto Rico has a long history of racial intermarriage b. A continuum of possibilities and combinations c. Less important than social class d. Impacted by social classsocial class affects perception of race e. All of the above

Q: While Mexican Americans have resided primarily in the Southwest region, Puerto Ricans are concentrated in the: a. Urban Northeast b. Rural Midwest c. Urban South d. Rural Northwest e. Urban West coast

Q: Puerto Ricans' move to the mainland was inspired by: a. Becoming citizens of the United States in 1917 b. Unemployment was a major problem on the island c. Labor shortages on the mainland after World War II d. All of the above e. None of the above

Q: Puerto Ricans began to migrate to the mainland in large numbers in the: a. 1880s b. 1920s c. 1940s d. 1970s e. 1980s

Q: The initial contact between Puerto Ricans and Americans was in the context of: a. Trade and friendship b. War and conquest c. Assimilation and pluralism d. All of the above e. None of the above

Q: Puerto Rico became a U.S. territory as a result of: a. World War I b. The American Civil War c. The Spanish American War d. A border dispute between Mexico and Cuba e. World War II

Q: The greatest success of the Chicanismo movement was: a. Assistance for Mexican immigrants to reach the United States b. Raising the awareness of the larger society about the grievances and problems of Mexican Americans c. Allowed Mexican Americans to pursue their life interests d. Translated immediately into political and economic power

Q: The leader of the Crusade for Justice in 1965 was: a. Reies Lopez Tijerina b. Rodolfo Gonzalez c. Jose Gutierrez d. Cesar Chvez e. Linda Chvez

Q: Which of the following might explain why U.S. policy on immigration from Mexico has fluctuated so often? a. The Noel hypothesis with its emphasis on competition and power b. The traditional model of assimilation with its emphasis on acculturation and integration c. Culture of poverty theory with its emphasis on values and cultural traditions d. Human capital theory with its emphasis on the importance of education e. Marxist theory on class conflict

Q: The 1980s legislation that allowed illegal immigrants to legalize their status was the: a. Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCa. b. Quota Act c. Repatriation program d. Bracero program e. Operation Wetback

Q: Which of the following permitted immigration from Mexico? a. Repatriation b. Operation Wetback c. Termination d. Bracero program e. The quota system

Q: Recently (since 2005) immigration from Mexico has fallen off dramatically, primarily because of Enhanced border enforcementb. A weak economy and job market in the U.S.c. A declining birthrate in Mexicod. All of the abovee. A and B only

Q: Federal policy toward immigration from Mexico: a. Has been consistently pro-immigration b. Has been consistently against immigration c. Has fluctuated d. Is irrelevant since immigration is not a concern of the federal government e. Has generally discouraged immigration but encouraged immigration during the Depression of the 1930s

Q: Mexican Americans remain a colonized minority group because: a. There are so few immigrating to the United States b. They are systematically excluded from opportunities for upward mobility c. The United States had attempted to annex Mexico d. It is still legal to discriminate against Mexican Americans

Q: During the twentieth and early twenty-first century, immigration from Mexico to the United States: a. Has risen constantly; each year brings more immigrants than the year before b. Has fluctuated according to the demand for unskilled labor in the United States c. Has generally declined; there are actually fewer immigrants today than in the 1930s d. Has fluctuated according to the demand for workers in the primary sector of the U.S. economy e. Has declined as the children of the immigrants now replace the former immigrants

Q: At the beginning of the twentieth century, Mexican Americans were a low-paid workforce in the rural sector of their regional economy. In this regard, they resembled: a. African Americans b. Native Americans c. Irish Americans d. German Americans e. Jewish Americans

Q: At the beginning of the twentieth century, Mexican Americans were a relatively small group, culturally and linguistically separate from the dominant group. In this way, they resembled: a. Irish Americans b. African Americans c. German Americans d. Native Americans e. Jewish Americans

Q: The term "Hispanic American": a. Is widely applied, and since it is based on shared language, is seen as neutral and non-offensive to non-Hispanics b. Can have negative meanings and controversial connotations c. Does not acknowledge the roots that some groups have to African and Native American civilizations d. Is a label that was invented and applied by the dominant group e. All of the above

Q: The racial background of Mexican Americans is mainly: a. Native American and African b. African and European c. Native American and European d. Asian and European e. Native American only

Q: Hispanic Americans are: a. An ethnic group b. A racial group c. An ethnic and racial Group d. None of the above

Q: Latinos' percentage of the population is increasing rapidly, partly because of their: a. High Immigration Rates b. Greater ease in obtaining citizenship c. Both A and B above d. None of the above

Q: Hispanic Americans comprise about _____ of the total U.S. population. a. 1% b. 5% c. 13% d. 15% e. 29%

Q: The three largest Hispanic groups are: a. Hmong Americans, Mexican Americans, Cuban Americans b. Puerto Ricans, Mexican Americans, Cuban Americans c. Puerto Ricans, Mexican Americans, Brazilian Americans d. All of the above e. None of the above

Q: Today American Indians have the opportunity to raise the standard of living because of natural resources, autonomy, treaty rights, and gambling. a. True b. False