Q&A Hero

Q: The present status of the American Indians reflects: a. The long bitter competition with the dominant group b. Their colonized origins c. Their lengthy exclusion from mainstream society d. All of the above e. None of the above

Q: For much of the twentieth century, while industrialization and urbanization changed the situations of other minority groups, American Indians remained: a. On the fringes of development and change b. Marginalized c. Relatively powerless d. Isolated e. All of the above

Q: The contact period for American Indians began in earliest colonial days and lasted nearly: a. 400 years b. 250 years c. 300 years d. 800 years e. None of the above

Q: The black power movement and the Nation of Islam encouraged full participation of black women as leaders in their movements. a. True b. False

Q: The modern civil rights movement is generally considered as beginning with the legal case of Plessy v. Ferguson. a. True b. False

Q: The Nation of Islam and other black power groups distinguished between racial separation and racial segregation, with the former supporting empowerment and the latter supporting domination. a. True b. False

Q: The black power movement addressed the massive problems of racial inequality remaining after the victories of the civil rights movement. a. True b. False

Q: The black power movement supported the ideals of Martin Luther King Jr. of integration and assimilation. a. True b. False

Q: The urban riots that occurred in the 1960s were a result of the success of the civil rights movement in ending de jure discrimination. a. True b. False

Q: The civil rights movement was successful in ending de facto segregation in the United States. a. True b. False

Q: The central tactics of the civil rights movement under Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. emphasized nonviolent, direct action. a. True b. False

Q: A violent direct action campaign was launched in the South to challenge and defeat segregation. a. True b. False

Q: Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was important as a Supreme Court Decision in 1954 because it allowed a few African American children to go to school with white children. a. True b. False

Q: What was the significant finding of Royster's 2003 study examining black and white graduates? a. One's work ethic essentially determines professional success. b. Access to jobs is controlled by one's network or who one knows. c. African American students demonstrated numerous blue-collar skills, whereas white students were better suited for white-collar jobs. d. Compared to white graduates, black graduates had higher interest rates on their student loans.

Q: Though Americans traditionally saw race as __________, research suggests that racial identity is becoming more__________. a. dichotomous; complex b. situational; genetic c. protean; fixed d. flexible; visible

Q: Which statement best summarizes the status of the black middle class since the 1960s? a. The size and prosperity of the black middle class has steadily increased since the civil rights movement. b. Black middle class families are typically more financially secure than white middle class families. c. The black middle class has grown, but poverty continues to be a serious problem. d. Class differentiation within the African American community is narrowing; however, class differentiation between white and African American families is widening.

Q: The dual justice system in the United States refers to a. the idea that law enforcement officers often target young, African American males. b. a distinction between adult and juvenile consequences of crime. c. specialty courts such as drug and mental health courts that address specific issues relevant to minority groups. d. the concept that black adults and juveniles are more likely to receive harsher treatment than are whites charged with similar crimes.

Q: According to the Black Power movement, racial separation involves __________, whereas racial segregation involves__________. a. empowerment; powerlessness b. powerlessness; empowerment c. violence; nonviolence d. nonviolence; violence

Q: Driving while black is an example of a. a stop and frisk law. b. a prejudicial mandate. c. police brutality. d. racial profiling.

Q: What impact did the civil rights movement have on African Americans who lived outside the South? a. It had minor impact because blacks and whites were treated equally outside the South b. It had minor impact because racial segregation was not caused by Jim Crow laws c. It had major impact because much of the racism outside of the South was unintentional d. It had major impact because attention was focused on institutional racism in northern urban areas

Q: Which statement is most accurate about de facto segregation? a. It is voluntary b. It is a disguised form of de jure segregation c. It is the opposite of de jure segregation d. It is unintentional

Q: Which element of the civil rights movement's success was consistent with the Noel hypothesis? a. Changing subsistence technology weakened control of the minority group b. Widespread sympathetic media coverage outraged many Americans and reinforced the moral consensus c. The movement's alignment with assimilationist goal such as liberty, equality, freedom, and fair treatment d. The notion that prosperity following World War II reduced intergroup competition

Q: Which two laws ended Jim Crow segregation? a. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act in 1965 b. The Supplemental Appropriations Act of 1955 and the Human Rights Act of 1970 c. The Fair Housing Act and the Equal Pay Act of 1963 d. The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the National Voter Registration Act

Q: During the civil rights movement, police often responded to nonviolent sit-ins and protests at prayer meetings with brutal violence and imprisonment. a. True b. False

Q: According to the text, what is the solution to African American urban poverty?a. Fixing the African American family unitb. Changing the urban industrial economy and distribution of resourcesc. Enhancing the value system of female-headed householdsd. Educating African Americans about the advantages of delayed gratification

Q: How did Prince Edward County, Virginia respond to the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka? a. They closed public schools for five years rather than integrate b. They sent white and African American children to private, segregated academies c. They banned the Ku Klux Klan from their community d. They created a racist terrorist group called the White Citizens' Council

Q: Which influential African American served as counsel for the NAACP, was integral in attacking Jim Crow, and was later appointed to the United States Supreme Court? a. Thurgood Marshall b. Malcom X c. Fannie Lou Hamer d. Martin Luther King Jr.

Q: The poverty rate for African American families is ___ times greater than the rate for whites. a. 2.5 to 3 times b. 1.5 to 2 times c. 4.5 to 6 times d. .2 to 2 times

Q: The culture of poverty theory states that poverty: a. Is a result of job loss b. Those born outside poverty are unable to escape it c. Is perpetuated by particular characteristics of the poor d. Does not exist for older Americans because of Social Security

Q: What were the findings of Royster's research on black and white graduates of trade school in Baltimore? a. Black and white graduates were employed at the same rate. b. Black graduates were employed less often, had lower wages, got fewer promotions, and experienced large periods of unemployment. c. White graduates were less likely to receive jobs 2 years after graduation. d. The trade school did not prepare blacks or whites well.

Q: ____ of black respondents to a survey had a great deal of confidence that local police would treat blacks and whites equally. a. 45% b. 30% c. 12% d. 5%

Q: Which group of people did the author of the textbook suggest are more like "invaders"? a. Hispanics b. Blacks c. Biracials d. Illegal immigrants

Q: There is a huge difference between net worth between blacks and whites, which can be attributed to: a. The black middle class is now over 40% of the black population. b. Once African Americans' equity in their homes and cars are subtracted out, they are left with no wealth at all. c. A better measure for net worth is a comparison of the educational opportunity between blacks and whites. d. None of the above

Q: Female-headed households tend to be poor because: a. Lower wages paid to women in general and to African American women in particular b. Interaction of sexism and racism c. Most are based upon a single income, rather than a dual income d. All of the above e. None of the above

Q: The civil rights movement was based on a philosophy of: a. Death before surrender b. "By any means necessary" c. Nonviolent civil disobedience d. Strict conformity to all laws e. Separate but equal

Q: The advocates of black power identified the cause of racial inequality in the United States as: a. African Americans' lack of effort b. African Americans' lack of education c. Anti-black prejudice d. Institutional discrimination and white racism e. The failure of integration

Q: Which of the following was not a significant purpose served by the creation of black nationalism? a. To serve as a rallying cry for solidarity and unity b. To carve a new identity for African Americans c. To focus attention on black-white inequalities d. To encourage white Americans to work on balancing black-white inequities e. To provide an analysis of race relations problems in the United States

Q: The Nation of Islam was most closely aligned with which position regarding African Americans? a. A "black is beautiful" media campaign b. Peaceful and patient assimilation c. Mobilization and marches on Washington similar to the way A. Philip Randolph organized the sleeping car porters d. Separatism, with African Americans living in unique all-black communities throughout America e. Autonomy and independence, not integration into "the system"

Q: Among the following, the highest percentage of poverty can be found among: a. European American women b. African American men c. African American women d. European American children e. African American children

Q: According to adherents of the black power movement, which of the following methods is best for empowering black Americans? a. Honestly believing that black is beautiful and believing that blacks can be successful b. Peaceful and patient assimilation along the lines of Booker T. Washington c. Mobilization and marches on Washington similar to how A. Philip Randolph organized the sleeping car porters d. Liberating themselves on their own terms without regard to what white Americans want e. Separatism, including a possible return to Africa, as promoted by W. E. B. DuBois

Q: According to this book, what is the most probable effect of past-in-present discrimination on the economic marginality of the black middle class? a. They are more likely to work in the secondary labor market. b. They are more likely to be motivated to succeed. c. They are more likely to benefit from affirmative action than whites. d. They are less likely to own their own homes and businesses. e. They are likely to lag far behind middle-class whites in economic resources.

Q: The African American middle class is proportionally smaller and lags far behind middle-class whites in economic resources. These differences are due to: a. Discrimination in the present b. Racial gaps in income, wealth, and economic opportunity in past generations c. Both a and b above d. All of the Above d. None of the above

Q: Up to a third of all young black men are either incarcerated in the corrections system or on probation or parole. What mostly accounts for this over-representation? a. Black men's use of guns during crime sprees b. National "get tough" policies on drug users c. Black men's lack of father figures during adolescence d. Racial profiling that targets blacks in inner cities e. Poverty and deprivation

Q: Which of the following best exemplifies racial profiling? The police: a. Stopping a black man for "suspicion" when he is driving in a white neighborhood subdivision b. Pulling over vehicles that fit a specific description c. Pulling over a vehicle for speeding d. Increasing patrols in crime-heavy areas e. All of the above

Q: _________ is to de facto segregation as _________ is to de jure segregation: a. Whites and blacks choosing to attend different churches, whites and blacks choosing to go to different clubs b. Laws requiring blacks to sit at the back of the bus, laws requiring blacks to drink from different water fountains c. Whites and blacks choosing to attend different churches, laws requiring blacks to sit at the back of the bus d. Laws requiring blacks to sit at the back of the bus, whites and blacks choosing to attend different churches e. None of the above

Q: Secondary structural assimilation can be assessed by examining the following structures: a. School integration b. Political power c. Rates of interracial marriage d. Integration in various job sectors e. A, B, and D

Q: The unemployment rate for African Americans is about _____ as that for European Americans. a. twice as high b. ten times as high c. half as high d. the same as e. three times as high

Q: Comparing levels of education, the gap between African Americans and European Americans has: a. Decreased only for men b. Decreased only for women c. Decreased for both men and women but has not disappeared d. Disappeared e. Actually increased

Q: Black nationalism is more than simply a reaction to a failed dream. It is: a. A different way of defining what it means to be black in America b. A movement to return to Africa c. Defensiveness and a sense of threat in white society d. None of the above e. All of the above

Q: The idea that the poor are poor because they have "bad values" is associated with: a. The theory of the urban underclass b. The culture of poverty theory c. Black power ideology d. Paternalistic competition theory e. Nation of Islam

Q: The culture of poverty theory argues that poverty is perpetuated by which of the following characteristics? a. The prevalence of female-headed households in African American communities b. Fatalism c. An orientation to the present rather than the future d. The desire for instant gratification e. All of the above

Q: The concept of the "urban underclass" tends to treat the problems of African Americans as: a. Problems that can be solved by a reduction of prejudice in the white community b. Problems of motivation; they would be solved if black people would just work harder c. Problems that grow out of the economy and that are shared by other poor urbanites d. Problems of socialization and values; they would be solved if more African Americans had middle-class values e. Problems connected to a lack of educational opportunity

Q: African Americans and other minority groups of color have been adversely affected by the national loss of jobs in the _______. a. manufacturing sector b. agricultural sector c. service sector d. primary sector e. urban sector

Q: The Nation of Islam and other black power groups attempted to establish: a. Racial segregation b. Racial separation c. Cultural assimilation d. Structural assimilation e. None of the above

Q: The future of African Americans is inextricably bound to the fate of: a. The cities b. The Civil Rights movement c. The cotton industry d. Illegal immigrants e. Agriculture

Q: Unlike the urban uprisings of the 1960s, those following the acquittals of police officers in the Rodney King case: a. Included attacks directly on whites and on other minority groups b. Included attacks only on police officers c. Involved mostly peaceful, nonviolent demonstrations d. Focused on directly attacking the white community e. Resulted in no casualties

Q: Fannie Lou Hamer of Mississippi founded the: a. Black Muslims b. SNCC c. Freedom Party d. White Citizen's Council e. Black Panther Party

Q: Theoretically, no person, law, or specific group is responsible for: a. De facto segregation b. De jure segregation c. Assimilation d. None of the above e. All of the above

Q: The black power movement was an important move toward: a. Acculturation b. Pluralism c. Assimilation d. Integration e. Segregation

Q: Which of the following leaders is most closely associated with the black power movement? a. Martin Luther King b. A. Philip Randolph c. Thurgood Marshal d. Malcolm X e. Fanny Lou Hamer

Q: The thrust of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was to ban: a. Public demonstrations for school integration b. School segregation in Topeka, Kansas c. School segregation throughout the nation d. School segregation in the South e. School segregation for black teachers

Q: The civil rights movement was successful at ending de jure segregation because: a. It came at a time of increased industrialization and urbanization b. It supported the code of American values such as liberty and equality c. Other groups saw its goals as legitimate and supported them d. The mass media was sympathetic in its coverage of nonviolent protests e. All of the above

Q: The goals of the civil rights movement were most compatible with the concept of: a. Separatism b. Pluralism c. Nationalism d. Assimilation e. Segregation

Q: The central strategy of the protest movement that eventually defeated the Jim Crow system was: a. Continuous violence against businesses that refused service to blacks b. Letters to editors of newspapers c. Nonviolent direct action in the streets d. None of the above e. All of the above

Q: Rosa Parks, a seamstress and NAACP member, is famous for: a. Refusing to give up her seat on a bus to a white man b. Refusing to leave an all-white coffeehouse c. Being the first black student to integrate an all-white school d. Founding the NAACP e. Founding the Freedom Party

Q: The civil rights movement is often said to have begun in 1955 in: a. Montgomery, Alabama b. Selma, Alabama c. Birmingham, Alabama d. Biloxi, Mississippi e. New Orleans, Louisiana

Q: The Jim Crow system ended as it had begun: a. Gradually and in a series of discrete episodes and incidents b. Suddenly with the passing of Plessy vs. Ferguson c. The system has never ended d. None of the above e. All of the above

Q: The Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka decision overturned the principle of _____ established in Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896. a. "no representation without taxation" b. "separate but equal" c. "justice within inequality" d. "equal access to all public facilities"

Q: The most visible enemy of African Americans as they entered the twentieth century was: a. Extreme inequality b. Powerlessness c. Limitations on their freedom d. Jim Crow system in the South e. All of the above

Q: In the past African Americans outside the South faced more poverty, high unemployment, and a lower quality of housing and schools than whites. a. True b. False

Q: Poverty affects African Americans at much higher rates than it does white Americans. a. True b. False

Q: The education gap between whites and blacks has generally declined over time, except in regard to advanced degrees where racial differences remain significant. a. True b. False

Q: Unemployment has been at least twice as high for blacks as for whites since the 1940s. a. True b. False

Q: The distance to true racial equality is narrowing fast. a. True b. False

Q: Interracial marriages are increasing, although they remain a tiny percentage of all marriages. a. True b. False

Q: A. Philip Randolph is significant in that he led a movement that forced the first federal commitment to fair employment rights for black Americans. a. True b. False

Q: Malcolm X supported nonviolence in nonviolent situations but saw violence as acceptable in the case of self-defense. a. True b. False

Q: The percentage of African American students within integrated schools has increased in the last decade. a. True b. False

Q: Black nationalism served as a new rallying cry for solidarity and unified action among African Americans. a. True b. False

Q: The Nation of Islam is most closely aligned with a call for blacks to achieve autonomy and independence, not integration into "the system." a. True b. False