Q&A Hero

Q: Which statement is true about people toward the bottom of the class structure? a. They are more likely to be politically active. b. On economic issues, they are conservative. c. They are less likely to be politically active. d. They walk the same political paths as the rich.

Q: When it comes to religion, the lower classes tend to be attracted to a. more subdued worship. b. more expressive worship services and louder music. c. the Episcopalian denomination. d. the nearest church.

Q: When it comes to child rearing, lower-class parents tend to focus more on a. developing their children's creative skills. b. encouraging their children to question authority. c. getting their children to follow rules and obey authority. d. developing their children's leadership skills.

Q: As you go down the social-class ladder, what happens to your mental health? a. It improves. b. It stays the same. c. There is no change. d. It worsens.

Q: As you go up the social-class ladder, what happens to your health? a. It improves. b. It stays the same. c. There is no change. d. It worsens.

Q: Homeless people are part of the a. working poor. b. working class. c. underclass. d. lower middle class.

Q: Seth did menial workmostly house cleaningwhen he could find it. He had been homeless for a year, and since then simply did not have a good enough employment record to find a regular job. He relied on welfare, a subsidized rental, food stamps, and even the occasional visit to a food pantry to supplement his work income. In terms of class, Seth would belong to the a. working poor. b. underclass. c. working class. d. lower middle class.

Q: Most members of the working poor classa. are high school dropouts.b. are really lower middle class people who are unemployed.c. have spent some time in college.d. have earned a bachelor's degree.

Q: Members of the _____ tend to think of themselves as having "real jobs" and regard the "suits" above them as paper pushers. a. underclass b. working poor c. working class d. upper middle class

Q: Compared to the working class, the lower middle class generally has a. less prestige. b. a higher income. c. the same attributes. d. a lower income.

Q: The class most shaped by education is the _____ class. a. upper middle b. lower middle c. working d. upper

Q: Philanthropist Bill Gates has given away a. $30. million. b. $10.0 million. c. $3 billion. d. $30. billion.

Q: The upper end of the capitalist class is occupied by those a. with old money. b. who are philanthropists exclusively. c. with new money. d. with the highest level of happiness.

Q: Who is at the top of Wright's modification of Marx's model of social classes? a. Workers b. Petty bourgeoisie c. Managers d. Capitalists

Q: Based on the histories of lottery winners, sudden wealth brings a. only pleasant consequences. b. a threat. c. many genuine offers of friendship. d. guaranteed happiness.

Q: In his modification of Marx's model of social classes, Wright added a. workers. b. capitalists. c. managers. d. clergy.

Q: Marx's model of the social classes included a. managers. b. workers. c. petty bourgeoisie d. royalty

Q: _____ is Wright's term for a position in the class structure that generates contradictory interests.a. Contradictory class locationsb. The proletariatc. Inconsequential othersd. Capitalist

Q: Durkheim called it _____ when people become detached from the usual norms that guide their behavior. a. frustration b. the underclass c. politics d. anomie

Q: Ranking high on some dimensions of social class and low on others is called a. status inconsistency. b. prestige. c. status consistency. d. limited power.

Q: Status consistency refers to a. day-to-day stability. b. ranking high or low on at least two dimensions of social class. c. ranking high or low on all three dimensions of social class. d. lateral mobility.

Q: June was the president of her neighborhood association, which in that group afforded her a high a. status inconsistency. b. status. c. degree of wealth. d. status consistency.

Q: _____ is respect or regard. a. Status consistency b. Power c. Prestige d. Status inconsistency

Q: Which occupation has the most prestige in the United Statesphysician, banker, actress, or plumber? a. Physician b. Banker c. Actress d. Plumber

Q: C. Wright Mills called the top people in U.S. corporations, the military, and politics who make the nation's major decisions the a. power elite. b. intelligentsia. c. nation's finest. d. bourgeoisie.

Q: _____ is the ability to carry out your will, even over the resistance of others. a. Social class b. Status c. Power d. Prestige

Q: In tracking income in the United States from 19..35. to 20.13., a. income inequality has decreased since 19..70. b. income inequality has increased since 19..70. c. nothing has changed. d. income equality has steadily increased since 19..35..

Q: In 20.13., the highest-paid U.S. CEO received a. $9.50.,000. b. $3 million. c. $21. million. d. $77 million.

Q: If we use the analogy that some U.S. families have an income that could be represented by the height of Mount Everest, then the average American family has an income that is about _____ feet off the ground. a. 3 b. 15. c. 700 d. 4,000

Q: What percentage of the nation's wealth is owned by the wealthiest 10.% of Americans? a. 10.% b. 22.% c. 58% d. 77%

Q: What percentage of the nation's wealth is owned by the wealthiest 1% of Americans? a. 1% b. 10.% c. 35.% d. 9.3%

Q: Income and wealth are a. different terms for the same thing. b. often confused. c. related in the same way that output is related to input. d. related in that if a person has a lot of one, they are certain to have a lot of the other.

Q: The money that someone receives, usually from a job, business, or assets, is referred to as a. capital. b. property. c. wealth. d. income.

Q: The total value of everything that someone owns, minus debts, is a. income. b. property. c. wealth. d. power.

Q: _____ is material possessions. a. Wealth b. Property c. Income d. Power

Q: _____, according to Weber, is (are) a large group of people who rank close to one another in property, power, and prestige. a. Status consistency b. Social class c. The proletariat d. Capitalists

Q: Describe the theory that colonialism explains how the world's nations became stratified.

Q: Who receives the most and the least resources under the functionalist view? Under the conflict theory view?

Q: Discuss the "three Ps" of social class, according to Max Weber.

Q: What is the global superclass?

Q: Describe India's caste system.

Q: Global dominationa. remains in the hands of the East.b. may be on the verge of a major shift from West to East.c. is shared democratically by the East and the West.d. may be on the verge of a major shift from East to West.

Q: The heritage of neocolonialism a. does not affect people in the West today. b. can be found only in history books. c. affects people in the West today, in the wars fought and terrorism coming from the affected areas. d. is proudly claimed by the nations affected.

Q: Just by doing business normally, _____ help to maintain internal stratification. a. local small businesses b. multinational corporations c. Industrializing Nations d. small farmers

Q: According to sociologist Michael Harrington, when colonialism went out of style, it was replaced by a. functionalism. b. conflict theory. c. multinational corporations. d. neocolonialism.

Q: _____ assumes that the values and behaviors of the poor make them fundamentally different from other people. a. Colonialism b. The culture of poverty c. Neocolonialism d. World system theory

Q: "Core nations" and the "periphery" are part of a. neocolonialism. b. colonialism. c. world system theory. d. the Most Industrialized Nations.

Q: _____ is the process by which one nation takes over another, usually in order to exploit its labor and natural resources. a. Colonialism b. The culture of poverty c. World system theory d. Capitalism

Q: The Oil-Rich, Nonindustrialized Nations, like Kuwait, a. are part of the Least Industrialized Nations. b. are distinct from the Least Industrialized Nations in their great wealth. c. are part of the Most Industrialized Nations. d. are part of the Industrializing Nations.

Q: In the Least Industrialized Nations, _____ people are poor. a. none b. some c. most d. all

Q: Most of the countries of the former Soviet Union and its former satellites in Eastern Europe fall into the category of the a. Most Industrialized Nations. b. Industrializing Nations. c. Least Industrialized Nations. d. Unclassified Nations.

Q: The United States, Canada, Great Britain, France, Japan, Australia, and other countries make up thea. Most Industrialized Nations.b. Industrializing Nations.c. Least Industrialized Nations.d. League of Nations.

Q: Sixty percent of the world's population lives in the a. Most Industrialized Nations. b. Industrializing Nations. c. Least Industrialized Nations. d. Western Nations.

Q: Which category of nations has the most land? a. Most Industrialized Nations b. Industrializing Nations c. Least Industrialized Nations d. Most Populous Nations

Q: The _____ richest people in the world own as much of the world's wealth as the bottom half of the whole world's population. a. 700 b. 42.2 c. 15.3. d. 85

Q: The terms that do not imply value judgments about some parts of the world while splitting it up into conceptual groups are a. First, Second, and Third Worlds. b. Most Industrialized, Industrializing, and Least Industrialized. c. Best, Better, and Worst. d. Developed, Developing, and Primitive.

Q: In the former Soviet Union, the main basis for ranking higher in the stratification system was a. declaring that socialism was dead. b. membership in the Communist party. c. private wealth. d. social class.

Q: The main way the British perpetuate their class system from one generation to the next is through a. education. b. surveillance. c. the absence of a middle class. d. wealth.

Q: Which one of the following statements about new technology and the elite is true? a. New technology makes it easier for the elite to control information. b. New technology does not give the elite power tools for monitoring citizens like the old technology did. c. New technology makes it harder for the elite to control information. d. For the most part, the elite are unfamiliar with new technology.

Q: In Qatar, a poet who criticized the ruling family in a poem was a. invited to have a public debate with the family. b. imprisoned for life. c. invited to marry into the family. d. sentenced to community service for a year.

Q: To maintain their power, elites attempt to _____ information. a. freely distribute b. honestly convey c. shut off all d. control

Q: Which of the following is most effective in maintaining society's stratification?a. Brute forceb. Controlling people's ideasc. Control of food suppliesd. Elites without limits

Q: The divine right of kings asserts that the king's or queen's authority comes from a. his or her forbears. b. God. c. the people. d. his or her superior ability.

Q: Medieval Europe provides an excellent example of elites maintaining stratification with a. an iron fist. b. monitoring. c. soft control. d. hard control.

Q: In trying to synthesize the views of functionalist and conflict theorists, Lenski suggested that the concept of _____ is the key. a. civility b. surplus c. merit d. greed

Q: Over a century ago, Mosca said that a. leadership requires inequalities of power. b. it is possible for societies to exist without any organization. c. people in power can be trusted not to use their positions to seize greater rewards for themselves. d. in a just society, anyone can be a follower or a leader.

Q: _____ stress that conflict, not function, is the reason that we have social stratification. a. Conflict theorists b. Functionalists c. All sociologists of this century d. Despite the name, no conflict theorists

Q: In a meritocracy, all positions are awarded on the basis of a. power. b. social standing. c. education level attained. d. merit.

Q: The research of David and Moore (19..45., 19..53.) found that stratification of society is inevitable because a. no positions are more important than the other positions. b. qualified people are most important at the lower levels. c. for society to function, its positions must be filled. d. smaller rewards at the top will motivate qualified people.

Q: _____ believe(s) that stratification exists because it is functional for society. a. All sociologists b. Functionalists c. No one d. Conflict theorists

Q: Weber believed that a. property could bring prestige, but prestige could not bring property. b. property could not bring prestige. c. prestige could not bring property. d. property could bring prestige, and prestige could bring property.

Q: _____ Weber _____ Marx viewed property as the only source of power.a. Neither; norb. Both; andc. Not; butd. Notably; but not

Q: _____ Weber _____ Marx viewed property as significant in determining a person's standing in society. a. Neither; nor b. Both; and c. Not; but d. Notably; but not

Q: When workers identified with the interests of capitalists, Marx called it _____ class consciousness. a. false b. misguided c. optimistic d. budding

Q: Marx used the term class consciousness to refer to awareness of a common identity based on one's a. race. b. caste. c. position in the means of production. d. education level.

Q: In Marx's theory, those who were exploited because they do not own the means of production were called the a. bourgeoisie. b. proletariat. c. clergy d. superclass.

Q: The bourgeoisie are a. the proletariat. b. capitalists. c. Marx's term for socialists. d. low in prestige.

Q: The tools, factories, land, and investment capital used to produce wealth make up the a. bourgeoisie. b. proletariat. c. means of production. d. class consciousness.

Q: Gender is a basis of social stratification for ______ society(ies) in the world. a. no b. a few c. many d. every

Q: The wealthiest 1% of adults worldwide own _____ of the Earth's wealth. a. 12.% b. 29..% c. 46.% d. 88%