Q&A Hero

Q: Under the Jim Crow system, as under slavery, the subordination of the African American community was reinforced and supplemented by an elaborate system of: a. Grapevine gossip b. Racial etiquette c. Cross burning d. Social Networking e. All of the above

Q: The plantation owners solved their labor problem after the end of slavery by developing the __________________. a. braceros program b. wet back solution c. sharecropping system d. None of the above e. All of the above

Q: Which of the following laws did not restrict African Americans in the South from voting? a. Poll taxes b. The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the Constitution c. Literacy tests d. "Grandfather" clauses e. Property ownership requirements

Q: When European immigrants moved out of northern slum areas, who was most likely to move in after them? a. White middle-class families b. Single white women with children c. African Americans moving from the South d. Asian immigrants e. Newer European immigrants

Q: At the height of the Jim Crow era, the system had evolved to the point that: a. Some courtrooms maintained separate Bibles for African American witnesses to swear on b. Whites and blacks could eat at the same restaurants c. Blacks no longer had to sit in the back of buses d. All of the above e. None of the above

Q: In the _____ case in 1896, the Supreme Court established the "separate but equal" doctrine: a. Dred Scott v. Sandford b. Roe v. Wade c. Plessy v. Ferguson d. Marvin v. Mitchell e. Amistad v. Virginia

Q: As de jure segregation formed and solidified in the South: a. Levels of residential separation between the races decreased b. Levels of prejudice and racism increased c. Lynching virtually ceased d. African Americans began moving from the North back to the South e. Levels of educational and economic opportunity increased for African Americans

Q: __________________replaced slavery in the South. a. De jure segregation b. Plantations c. Postwar martial law d. Subtle racism e. None of the above

Q: Which of the following is an example of modern institutional discrimination? a. Companies moving from inner-city areas to suburbs to reduce their expenses b. Putting minority members at a disadvantage by basing hiring decisions on education c. Denying home loans to minorities who live in "rundown" areas d. Colleges basing entrance decisions on standardized tests alone e. All of the above

Q: By 1910, black labor in the United States was most characterized by: a. Agricultural work b. Factory work c. Domestic work d. Sales and business work e. Both A and C

Q: During Reconstruction, the South was characterized by: a. African Americans becoming the dominant class b. A rigid caste system under the policy known as "Jim Crow" c. An end to the plantation system and urbanization d. An end to the white class system e. Increasing opportunity for African Americans

Q: Which of the following is true about the period of Reconstruction? a. African Americans in the South could vote, and many held political office b. African Americans in the South owned property c. Schools for African Americans in the South were opened d. African Americans founded many small businesses e. All the above

Q: The period of Reconstruction that followed the Civil War was a time of: a. Opportunity for black southerners b. Bitter conflict and struggle in the South between blacks and European immigrants c. Great repression and racism in the South d. Rapid movement of black southerners to the urban North e. Opportunity for white southerners

Q: In agrarian society work was: a. Capital intensive b. Machine intensive c. Labor intensive d. Management intensive e. All of the above

Q: Which of the following are not true of paternalistic systems? a. They seek to directly dominate and control the minority group. b. They require members of the minority group to be active (albeit involuntary) participants in that system. c. They tend to develop into "rigid" or competitive group relations. d. They tend to have a simple division of labor determined by the group. e. All of the above

Q: As societies industrialize, dominant-minority relations move from: a. Paternalistic to competitive forms b. Peaceful to conflict-oriented c. Equal to unequal d. Segregation to slavery e. Agrarian to paternalistic

Q: The shift from agrarian technology to machine-based, manufacturing technology is called: a. Post modernism b. Industrial revolution c. The information age d. All of the above e. None of the above

Q: The Noel hypothesis states that if two or more groups come together in a contact situation characterized by ethnocentrism, competition, and a differential in power, then some form of racial or ethnic stratification will remain. a. True b. False

Q: The Indian Removal Act of 1830 required all eastern tribes to move to new lands west of the Mississippi. a. True b. False

Q: Like African Americans, American Indians were also controlled by paternalism. a. True b. False

Q: The contact situation for Mexican Americans was highly variable by region. a. True b. False

Q: After their land was expropriated, American Indians remained a major concern for the dominant group. a. True b. False

Q: Minority women have been doubly oppressed because of their gender roles and their minority group status. a. True b. False

Q: Prejudice and racism are more the result of systems of racial and ethnic inequality than they are the causes. a. True b. False

Q: Conquest and colonization affected men and women differently. a. True b. False

Q: American slavery was a paternalistic system. a. True b. False

Q: Both the United States and Mexico were originally colonized by European powers. a. True b. False

Q: Power differentials between groups partly explains why domination was established in some places faster than others. a. True b. False

Q: Attempts at acculturation by various American Indian tribes often resulted in the loss of status and power by American Indian women. a. True b. False

Q: Slave men often worked longer than slave women, doing other chores after the women went to bed in the evening. a. True b. False

Q: Blauner's hypothesis identifies three features of a group's initial contact situation: ethnocentrism, competition, and a differential in power. a. True b. False

Q: Native Hawaiians are better off compared to African Americans, Native Americans, and Mexican Americans. a. True b. False

Q: According to Blauner's hypothesis, we would expect that Chinese immigrants would have a more difficult time acculturating than African Americans. a. True b. False

Q: Tom thinks that people in India lack intelligence because many of them are starving but they won't kill and eat the cows that roam freely. We could say that Tom is ethnocentric. a. True b. False

Q: Colonists saw slavery as a logical and cost effective solution to the labor-intensive needs of agriculture at that time. a. True b. False

Q: In California, the Gold Rush of 1849 resulted in the colonization of the Mexican Americans who were previously living there, often for generations. a. True b. False

Q: Between the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 and the Gadsden Purchase of 1853, the Mexican population of what became the Southwest, without moving an inch from their traditional villages and farms, became a conquered people and a minority group. a. True b. False

Q: The Indian reservations, like the slave plantations, could be considered paternalistic systems with a colonized group. a. True b. False

Q: The land that was set aside as reservations offered conditions and qualities similar to the land the American Indians once controlled. a. True b. False

Q: A caste system is an example of an open stratification system. a. True b. False

Q: Gender played little part for slaves, as both slave men and slave women worked in the fields. a. True b. False

Q: Indentured servants were members of a caste system and had no opportunities of mobility. a. True b. False

Q: According to Robert Blauner, the way in which groups come into contact with each other, either as immigrant group or colonized group, have consequences that persist long after the original contact. a. True b. False

Q: According to the Noel hypothesis, if two or more groups come into contact with each other and they are mutually ethnocentric, competition and conflict will eventually occur. a. True b. False

Q: According to the Noel hypothesis, if two or more groups come into contact who are characterized by ethnocentrism, competition, and differences in power, then some form of ethnic or racial stratification will result. a. True b. False

Q: American Indians were seen as ideal slaves because they were hard workers and were close to the land. a. True b. False

Q: The first Africans to come to the British colonies were probably indentured servants rather than slaves. a. True b. False

Q: The contact situation is the most important factor in the creation of minority group status. a. True b. False

Q: What is one similarity among the three minority groups discussed in the chapter? a. They were all considered chattels. b. They were all assimilated minority groups. c. They were all victims of the expansion of British power. d. They were all used for cheap labor.

Q: In colonial America, slavery became synonymous with a. politics. b. social class. c. race. d. humility.

Q: Complete assimilation is not possible in paternalistic systems. a. True b. False

Q: According to the text, what is the single most important factor in the development of dominant-minority relations? a. Subsistence technology b. The contact situation c. Slavery d. The dominant group's culture

Q: Which of the following is a primary difference between the African American and Mexican American experience during the contact period? a. Unlike African Americans, Mexican Americans were not a source of inexpensive labor b. Unlike the African American situation, the Mexican American culture was not suppressed c. Unlike African Americans, Mexican Americans were close to their homeland and could stay in touch with their language and heritage d. Unlike African Americans, Mexican Americans benefited economically and politically from their colonization

Q: During the contact period, Mexicans were predominantly __________, whereas Anglo-Americans were primarily________. a. Roman Catholic; Protestant b. Spaniards; American Indians c. competitive; docile d. militaristic; political

Q: In which state did Mexican Americans retain political power during the contact situation? a. California b. Texas c. Wyoming d. New Mexico

Q: What was the result of the Gadsden Purchase of 1853 and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848? a. An abundance of land and opportunity for Anglo-Texans and Tejanos. b. The Tejanos became a conquered minority. c. A revolution was instigated by the Tejanos against the Anglo-Texans. d. The Tejanos became the most politically powerful minority group in Texas.

Q: Which group benefited the most from the Gold Rush of 1849? a. Tejanos b. Californios c. American Indians d. Anglos

Q: Historical documents indicate that slavery in the United States was inevitable. a. True b. False

Q: Which city was founded first? a. Jamestown, Virginia b. New York, New York c. Santa Fe, New Mexico d. Boston, Massachusetts

Q: Following the Indian Removal Act of 1830, the Cherokee Nation changed from a __________ system of land ownership to a __________ system. a. matrilineal; patrilineal b. patrilineal; matrilineal c. dominant; minority d. minority; dominant e. subordinate; insubordinate

Q: Women in American Indian societies were generally subordinate to men. a. True b. False

Q: Unlike, African American minorities in the antebellum South, American Indians during the contact period were a. a colonized minority group. b. successful at resisting denomination. c. in competition with whites for labor. d. facing high levels of discrimination.

Q: Between 1607 and 1890, thousands of American Indians were lost due to a. warfare. b. genocide. c. assimilation. d. infectious diseases.

Q: Slavery was founded on and maintained by a. misunderstanding. b. convenience. c. violence. d. ignorance.

Q: All of the following are correct about slaves in colonial America except a. they were considered chattel. b. they were forbidden to read or write. c. they could not work on plantations with whites. d. their children were considered slaves.

Q: Which component of the contact situation explains why Africans were enslaved instead of the other groups? a. Colonized minority groups b. Ethnocentrism c. Paternalistic relations d. Differential in power

Q: Black Africans had a commodity the colonists coveted_____________, and the colonists subsequently constructed a system to control and exploit this commodity_______________. a. Black female slaves b. Black males under 12 c. All slave children d. White females who were married to black slaves e. None of the above

Q: American Indians were gradually pushed to near extinction by: a. Growing power of white Americans b. Greater resource base of white Americans c. Increasing technological superiority of white Americans d. All of the above e. None of the above

Q: Approximately what percentage of Southern whites owned slaves? a. 10% b. 25% c. 50% d. 70% e. 90%

Q: In the plantation hierarchy, who had the least power? a. White men b. Black men c. White women d. Black women e. Children

Q: Which of the following are documented ways slaves could express resistance or non-cooperation to their situation and their "masters"? a. Intentional carelessness b. Creating work slowdowns c. Running away d. Open rebellion such as the revolt led by Nat Turner e. All of the above

Q: Which of the following is true regarding the contact situations between American Indians and the Spanish, French, and English? a. The Spanish found large, well-organized social systems and therefore found it useful to adapt to Aztec practices. b. The French needed to cooperate with at least some American Indian tribes to maximize the benefits of the economy they created. c. The English met with smaller, less developed tribes and had no specific reason to adapt to those social structures. d. All of the above are true. e. A and C are correct.

Q: Which set of terms best characterized the situations of African Americans, American Indians, and Mexican Americans as a result of contact with Anglo American society? a. Colonization, paternalism b. Acculturation, integration c. Colonization, immigration d. Secondary structural assimilation, caste system e. Integration and Anglo-conformity

Q: One difference in the situations of Mexican Americans and African Americans in the nineteenth century was that: a. Mexican Americans were much more acculturated b. African Americans were exploited for their land, Mexican Americans for their labor c. Mexican Americans were able to retain much more of their culture d. Mexican Americans were exploited only for their land e. Mexican Americans were more exploited for their wealth

Q: In what ways do the Noel and Blauner hypotheses relate to the contact situation of Mexican Americans and Anglo immigrants? a. Ethnocentrism was present at first contact. b. Power differences existed. c. Competition for land began with the first contact between the groups. d. They were subjected to coercive acculturation. e. All of the above are true

Q: Much of the Southwest became U.S. territory in _____ as a result of _____. a. 1835, the revolt of Texas against Mexico b. 1848, the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo c. 1865 the American Civil War d. 1849, the California Gold Rush e. 1887, the Dawes Allotment Act

Q: Anglo Americans began moving into the Southwest in the: a. 1690s to escape religious persecution b. 1720s to remove the American Indians c. 1820s to acquire land for agriculture d. 1890s to continue the practice of slavery e. 1850s to avoid the Civil War

Q: The experiences of Mexican Americans with European Americans in Arizona, New Mexico, California, and Texas illustrate the following generalization about Mexican American experiences: a. Subordination of the Mexican American population followed quickly after a rapid influx of Anglos. b. The contact situation for Mexican Americans was highly variable by region. c. Mexican Americans retained some political power and economic clout, mostly because of the relatively large size of the group and their ability to mobilize for political action. d. Without moving, the Mexican population became a conquered people and a minority group. e. All of the above

Q: Although Native Hawaiians retain minority group status, according to your text they compare favorably with American Indians and black Americans in terms of: a. Education b. Income and poverty c. Home ownership d. All of the above e. A and B

Q: Which of the following are true about the stratification in American Indian societies prior to European contact? a. Some American Indian societies were highly stratified, and many practiced various forms of slavery. b. Some American Indian societies were patriarchal and followed a strict, gender-based division of labor, but others were more equal. c. In many tribes, women held positions of great responsibility, including roles in religion, politics, warfare, and the economy. d. All of the above are true e. Only A and C are true