Q&A Hero

Q: One problem with the scapegoat hypothesis is that it: a. Explains discrimination but not prejudice b. Fails to take the emotional state of the individual into account c. Deemphasizes the economic, political, and social forces that shape behavior d. Ignores the process of displacement e. Explains everything in terms of personality types

Q: In Sherif's Robber's Cave experiment: a. Cooperation increased prejudice b. All intergroup contact reduced prejudice c. Competition was isolated to games only d. Prejudice caused rejection, attacks, and competition e. None of the above

Q: The one common factor that seems to account for the origin of all prejudice is: a. Selective perception b. The affective dimension of prejudice c. Stereotypes d. Competition between groups e. None of the above

Q: A study of Princeton University undergraduates provided the following perspectives on the content of American stereotypes: a. Negative and positive stereotypes can be applied to the same group. b. Willingness to stereotype seems to decline over the years. c. The attribution of some traits actually increased in the years between 1933 and 1967. d. All of the above e. None of the above

Q: Stereotypes vary by: a. Race b. Gender c. Class d. A and B e. A, B, and C

Q: Which concept below best describes someone who is prejudiced and does discriminate? a. An all-weather liberal b. An all-weather bigot c. A racist d. An all-weather conservative e. A prejudicial discriminator

Q: Which of the following is an example of selective perception? a. Seeing a Native American who is drinking in a bar, but not noticing the Native American who is neatly dressed in a three-piece Armani suit b. Seeing the old man who pulls out on a freeway at 35 miles an hour while ignoring the good driver who happens to be elderly c. Not presuming that an NFL football player could be gay d. Assuming that the female doctor is really a nurse e. All of the above

Q: Hartley (1946) demonstrated there can be a generalized tendency to reject minority groups of all sorts and stereotypes can exist apart from any need to rationalize or justify dominant-group advantages when he found that: a. Negative judgments about a group are always made after contact with that group b. Some people will express prejudice against people who do not exist c. Some people will readily express negative ideas about people they have never met d. All of the above e. None of the above

Q: Which of the following represent the two types of stereotypes? a. An African American is described as being lazy, irresponsible, and not intelligent b. A Chinese American is described as being very crafty, too sly, or too ambitious c. A woman is described as too passive to be an airplane pilot d. None of the above e. Both A and B above

Q: Selective perception: a. Is a tendency to see only what one expects to see b. Can strengthen and reinforce stereotypes c. Is a tendency to see beyond one's own observations d. Both A and C above

Q: Many years ago, a European American storeowner in a racist town succumbed to pressures from others and agreed to ban African Americans from his shop, even though he himself was not prejudiced at all. This merchant was an example of Merton's: a. All-weather bigot b. Timid bigot c. All-weather liberal d. Fair-weather liberal e. All-weather conservative

Q: ___________________ are exaggerated generalizations about groups of people and tend to be overly simplistic and difficult to prove. a. Attributes b. Stereotypes c. Prejudices d. None of the above e. A and C above

Q: Which of the following is not an example of the affective dimension of prejudice? a. Fear and anger b. Stereotyping and overgeneralizations c. Repulsion and hatred d. General dislike e. Distrust

Q: Prejudice is to discrimination as: a. Thinking is to feeling b. Acting is to behaving c. Thinking is to doing d. Saying is to feeling e. All of the above

Q: Social distance patterns demonstrate the power of culture to shape individual perceptions and preferences. a. True b. False

Q: The situation a person is in shapes the relationship between prejudice and discrimination. a. True b. False

Q: Robert LaPiere demonstrated that people's actions match their beliefs. a. True b. False

Q: Prejudice exists because someone or some group gains by it. a. True b. False

Q: Exposure of slaves to religion was carefully controlled and emphasized those aspects of Christianity that stress the virtues of meekness and humility. a. True b. False

Q: Prejudice and discrimination have a strong but not perfect relationship to each other. a. True b. False

Q: The likelihood that prejudice and discrimination will be expressed depends heavily on the situation an individual is in. a. True b. False

Q: Power-conflict theories help explain the origins of prejudice. a. True b. False

Q: According to some theorists, prejudice can be caused by personality needs. a. True b. False

Q: According to power/conflict theories, prejudice is not a matter of childhood experiences, social distance, or personal likes and dislikes; prejudice exists because someone or some group gains by it. a. True b. False

Q: Research using social distance scales demonstrates that prejudice exists apart from individuals and that it is passed from generation to generation. a. True b. False

Q: Selective perception is the tendency to see minorities generally in a negative light. a. True b. False

Q: Religious inequality remains pervasive. a. True b. False

Q: The English language may contribute to racist stereotypes because of the use of terms such as black-hearted, black list, or black eye. a. True b. False

Q: According to a Marxist analysis of slavery, slave owners attempted to use Christianity as a way of "brainwashing" slaves to meekly accept their subordinate positions. a. True b. False

Q: According to the social distance theory, prejudice can be attributed to conflict and power struggle between groups. a. True b. False

Q: Social distance has remained constant, and the rankings have also remained the same over the last 50 years. a. True b. False

Q: Milton Gordon suggests that there are eight major subprocesses of assimilation. a. True b. False

Q: Robert Parks believed that intergroup relations go through a predictable set of phases that is called "Race Relations Cycle." a. True b. False

Q: Immigrant women were expected to work until they married. a. True b. False

Q: The dominant group always seeks the goal of assimilation for minority groups. a. True b. False

Q: Native Americans have never expressed a desire to be separatist. a. True b. False

Q: The goals of separatism are for the group to sever all ties (political, cultural, and geographic) with the larger society. a. True b. False

Q: The notion of a "triple melting pot" no longer applies to some recent immigrants.a. Trueb. False

Q: Education is a key factor in successful assimilation today. a. True b. False

Q: Most contemporary immigrants will become mired in the impoverished, alienated, and marginalized segments of racial minority groups. a. True b. False

Q: Sociologists believe that assimilation today is segmented and will have a number of different outcomes. a. True b. False

Q: New "racial" groups can arise from intermarriage. a. True b. False

Q: Without European immigration to the United States, the process of industrialization would have been unchanged. a. True b. False

Q: In general, immigrant females outnumbered males, as women had better luck in getting factory, teaching, and domestic jobs. a. True b. False

Q: "Sojourners," or "birds of passage," is the term used to refer to immigrants who intended to remain in the United States to accumulate wealth and then return to the old country. a. True b. False

Q: Cultural pluralism exists when groups have acculturated and "merged" cultural identities and practices. a. True b. False

Q: Human capital theory is inconsistent with American values. a. True b. False

Q: An example of integration at the secondary level is intermarriage with members of the dominant group on a large-scale basis. a. True b. False

Q: The primary sector consists of groups and organizations that are more public, task oriented, and impersonal. a. True b. False

Q: Pluralism is often couched in the language of multiculturalism, a term for a variety of programs and ideas that stress mutual respect for all groups and for the multiple heritages that shaped the United States. a. True b. False

Q: Today, white ethnic groups are equal with national norms in terms of average income, education, unemployment, and other measures of economic success. a. True b. False

Q: Structural assimilation involves intermarriage. a. True b. False

Q: A "middleman minority" establishes its own neighborhood and relies on a set of interconnected businesses for its economic survival. a. True b. False

Q: Structural pluralism exists when groups have not acculturated and each maintains its own identity. a. True b. False

Q: Gordon recognized that in addition to intermarriage within religions, social class and race also intersected, forming what he called "ethclass." a. True b. False

Q: Although European Americans did not totally intermarry, there is evidence of patterns of a "triple melting pot," with intermarriage within various groups of Protestants, Catholics, and Jews. a. True b. False

Q: In Gordon's view, primary structural integration typically precedes intermarriage. a. True b. False

Q: According to Milton Gordon, marital assimilation is evidence of the completion of assimilation. a. True b. False

Q: During cultural assimilation (or acculturation), members of the minority groups coming to the United States might adopt the English language, change their eating habits, acquire new value systems, or change their names. a. True b. False

Q: The secondary sector includes interpersonal relationships that are intimate and personal, such as families and groups of friends. a. True b. False

Q: Milton Gordon believed that assimilation is inevitable in a democratic and industrial society and follows a predictable cycle. a. True b. False

Q: Assimilation in the United States generally has been a coercive and one-sided process described as Anglo-Conformity. a. True b. False

Q: The United States can best be described as a "melting pot" of people of different cultures coming together to create a unique society. a. True b. False

Q: "People or groups who fail haven't tried enough." This statement would most likely be made by a human capital theorist. a. True b. False

Q: The revival of white ethnicity in the 1960s was primarily fueled by a. an increase in symbolic ethnicity. b. the political focus on the white ethnic vote. c. the competition for resources and opportunities. b. a world-wide desire to understand one's culture and connect with one's roots.

Q: Which of the following illustrates Marcus Hansen's principle of third-generation interest? * a. The granddaughter of an Italian immigrant who attends catholic mass to reconnect with her heritage. b. An Irish man who organizes a labor union after immigrating to the United States. c. A Jewish tailor who continues the family business after his father dies. d. The new wife of a Polish immigrant who learns to make pierogis to please her mother-in-law.

Q: Birds of passage is synonymous with the term a. sojourners. b. prejudice. c. industrialization d. pathways.

Q: Which statement is true about female immigrants? a. They came from cultures with strong matriarchal traditions b. They played multiple roles in immigration and assimilation c. They were solely wife and mothers once they immigrated to America d. They typically recorded their experiences in detail

Q: Which of the following exemplifies how structural mobility benefited ethnic whites in the 20th century? a. Ethnic whites became more visible in labor unions b. Ethnic whites became more involved in their churches c. Ethnic whites pursued careers in sports and organized crime d. Ethnic whites had more opportunity for education

Q: Of all methods of ethnic succession discussed in the chapter, which pathway was the least legitimate? a. Sports b. Crime c. Politics d. Religion

Q: Which immigrant group was the most active in labor unions during the early 20th century? a. Irish b. Italians c. Norwegians d. Native Americans

Q: All of the following were important pathways of integration for European immigrants except a. politics. b. labor unions. c. education. d. church.

Q: Rosa was an Italian woman who immigrated to the United States in 1900 with her parents and sister. Which member of Rosa's family would most likely be completely assimilated? a. Rosa's mother b. Rosa's husband c. Rosa's sister d. Rosa's great granddaughter

Q: According to the text, which of the following prominent Americans espoused anti-Semitic views? a. Charles Lindbergh b. Eleanor Roosevelt c. John F. Kennedy d. Milton Gordon

Q: Avi was a tailor who immigrated to America in 1897 to avoid religious persecution in Russia. He settled in New York City and worked in the garment industry. Avi is an example of a(n) a. agrarian immigrant of the Old Immigration b. Eastern European immigrant who was part of the New Immigration c. Western European immigrant who was part of an enclave economy. d. unskilled laborer who was part of the Old Immigration

Q: Which shift in subsistence technology resulted in the mass movement of people from Europe to the United States between 1820-1920? a. Migration laws b. Selective genocide c. World War I d. The industrial revolution

Q: Compared to separatists, minority groups who promote revolution seek to a. establish their own identity. b. integrate with the dominant group. c. become the ruling elite. d. sever all ties with the larger society.

Q: Which of the following groups is considered a culturally pluralistic group? a. Italian-Americans in New York City b. The Cuban American community in South Florida c. Norwegian immigrants in Minnesota d. The Amish in Pennsylvania

Q: A good example of structural pluralism would be ______. a. hospital services b. Christian churches on Sunday morning c. the south side of Chicago d. immigrants learning English

Q: Human capital theorists believe that the greater investment in ___, the higher the person's chances of success. a. education, personal values, and skills b. stocks, personal values, and being on time c. values, skills, and skill sets d. developing talent, communication tools, and technology