Q&A Hero

Q: Ethclass is defined by the intersection of: a. Religion, ethnic, and social class b. Working class, religion, and ethnicity c. Gender, working class, and breadwinners d. Ethnicity and class

Q: ____________establish their own neighborhood and rely on a set of interconnected businesses, each of which is usually small in scope, for economic survival. a. Middleman minorities b. Sojourners c. Enclave minorities d. Structural pluralistic minorities e. All of the above

Q: __________________came to America because of religious persecution and planned to make America their home from the beginning. a. Eastern European Jews b. Sojourners c. Southern Italians d. Africans e. All of the above

Q: Strong norms of patriarchy determined the appropriate work for Italian female immigrants. They tended to work: a. In jobs that could be done at home b. In single-sex settings among other immigrant women c. With older men in factory settings d. A and B above e. None of the above

Q: As late as the 1920s, ______ of employed Irish-born women in the United States worked as domestics. a. 81% b. 55% c. 66% d. 40% e. None of the above

Q: Mary and her brother, Patrick, are immigrants. They both speak English, share American values, and have many American friends, but Mary does well in school and gets a good job that pays a lot. Patrick does poorly in school and does not have a consistent job, making only minimum wage when he works. The two of them together are an example of: a. Segmented assimilation b. Structural assimilationist c. Traditional assimilation d. Cultural assimilation e. Discrimination

Q: Immigrants experiencing segmented assimilation will have the following outcome: a. All will be upwardly mobile b. Some will stay in the United States and some will return to their home country c. Some will be upwardly mobile and some will be poor d. All will live in ethnic enclaves e. None of the above

Q: In U.S. immigration law, quotas for each origin country were established in what year? a. 1965 b. 1921 c. 1901 d. 1924 e. 1929

Q: In Milton Gordon's Stages of Assimilation, what phase immediately precedes marital assimilation? a. Acculturation b. Pluralism c. Secondary structural integration d. Primary structural integration e. Integration

Q: What was one expression of anti-immigrant prejudice and racism? a. Structural integration b. The National Origins Act of 1924 c. Increased Catholicism d. Chains of immigration e. Revolution

Q: Friends are to the primary sector as __________ are to the secondary sector. a. Task oriented groups b. Family members c. Spouses d. Roommates e. None of the above

Q: Common patterns in the process of assimilation followed by European immigrants and their descendants include: a. Assimilation by generation b. Ethnic succession c. Structural mobility d. Individual effort leading to mobility e. A, B, and C

Q: Gordon argued that the most significant structural unit within U.S. society was defined by the intersection of the religious/ethnic and social class boundaries. He called this the: a. Religious ethnic connection b. Socio-ethnic class c. Socio-religious connection d. Socio-ethnic convergence e. Ethclass

Q: Will Herberg explored the connection between which of the following in regards to American assimilation? a. Religion and ethnicity b. Religion and race c. Ethnicity and class d. Race and class e. Race, ethnicity, religion, and class

Q: What factor(s) affected the pathways of entry for different groups of immigrants from Europe? a. Culture b. Class c. Country of origin d. Time of arrival e. All of the above

Q: Which factors are intimately interlinked with (such that they mutually cause each other) European immigration to the United States? a. U.S. industrialization only b. U.S. capital intensive production only c. U.S. global prominence and militarization d. U.S. industrialization and rise to global prominence e. Pluralism and World War II

Q: When the goal of a minority group is to sever all ties with the larger society, this is called ________. a. separatism b. pluralism c. revolution d. expulsion e. extermination

Q: One of the first to support pluralism, newspaper editor _________ argued in The Nation in 1915 that the existence of separate ethnic groupseven with separate cultures, religions, and languagescould be quite consistent with a democratic political system. a. Robert Park b. Milton Gordon c. Horace Kallen d. Stephen Steinberg e. Karl Marx

Q: Park felt that intergroup relations go through a predictable set of phases that he called: a. A "rational" cycle of inter-group relations b. A "conflictual and competitive cycle" c. The cycle of "interpenetration and fusion" d. A "race relations cycle" e. "Modernization and urbanization"

Q: A third type of pluralism that reversed Gordon's first two stages would be: a. Acculturation without pluralism b. Acculturation without separatism c. Integration without acculturation d. Integration without equality e. Separatism without integration

Q: The traditional views of assimilation appear not to have explained: a. The ethnic revival of the 1960s b. Increasing equality for all minority groups c. The decline of multiculturalism d. Increasing immigration and consequent social diversity e. Both A and D above

Q: The concept of multiculturalism includes: a. The idea of mutual respect for all groups and heritages b. The ultimate goal that we will all be one nationalityAmericans c. The intermarriage of Protestants, Catholics, and Jews d. Segregation from people who are "racially inferior" to you e. Being tolerant of people who are less accomplished than you

Q: The Amish (sometimes called the Pennsylvania Dutch) are committed to a way of life organized around farming. They maintain a culture and an institutional life that is separate from the dominant culture. The kind of pluralism that best describes them is: a. Cultural pluralism b. Structural pluralism c. Generational pluralism d. Fluid competitive pluralism e. Intergenerational pluralism

Q: Which intermarriage best illustrates Kennedy's concept of the "triple melting pot"? a. A marriage between an Irish Catholic woman and a Russian Jewish man b. An interracial marriage between an African American man and a European American woman c. A marriage between an Irish Catholic man and an Irish Protestant woman d. A marriage between a Native American woman and a French Protestant man e. A marriage between a Polish Jewish man and a Russian Jewish woman

Q: Which of the following theories argues that status attainment is a direct result of educational levels, personal values, and skills? a. Human capital theory b. Multiculturalism c. Marital assimilation d. Acculturation e. None of the above

Q: Sociologist Ruby Kennedy studied multicultural intermarriage and described a phenomenon she called a "triple melting pot," referring to the multicultural intermarriage within three separate groups: a. African Americans, European Americans, and Jews b. Native Americans, Hispanics, and African Americans c. Jews, Muslims, and Buddhists d. Protestants, Catholics, and Jews e. Mormons, Jews, and Catholics

Q: In Milton Gordon's theory of assimilation, the crucial step is from: a. Integration to acculturation b. Acculturation to integration c. Assimilation to pluralism d. Anglo-conformity to the melting pot e. Integration to intermarriage

Q: According to Milton Gordon, integration in the secondary sector will lead to: a. Acculturation b. Pluralism c. Integration in the primary sector d. Further declines in societal unity e. Full integration into the society

Q: _________ assimilation occurs when a minority group enters the secondary sector of the larger society and occupies the same public institutions such as churches, clubs, schools, and workplaces. a. Cultural b. Structural c. Generational d. Fluid competitive e. Intergenerational

Q: It is common in sociology to separate the social structure into primary and secondary sectors. Which of the following categories is considered part of the primary sector? a. Businesses b. Schools c. Families d. Bureaucracies e. Labor unions

Q: Social structure is divided into primary and secondary sectors. Primary sector; refers to: a. Networks of social relationships, groups, organizations, stratification systems, communities, and families b. Organizing the work of the society c. Interpersonal relationships that are intimate and personal such as families and friendship groups d. Large organizations including factories, schools, and bureaucracies e. None of the above

Q: One problem with Park's theory of assimilation is that: a. With no time frame specified, the theory is untestable b. He ignored the impact of industrialization on minority groups c. He argued that assimilation could never be complete d. He does not describe the nature of the assimilation process in much detail e. Both A and D above

Q: A politician states in a campaign speech that "it is inevitable that our group differences will disappear as we grow and mature as a society." This statement echoes the thinking of: a. Robert Park b. Milton Gordon c. Andrew Greeley d. Robert Blauner e. Karl Marx

Q: Melting pot is a term for: a. The traditional perspective on assimilation b. How diverse peoples helped to construct U.S. society c. Assimilation as egalitarian and benign d. A process that emphasizes sharing and inclusion e. All of the above

Q: Pluralism exists when: a. Some groups in society may be assimilating b. Groups remain separate, and their cultural and social differences persist over time c. Groups live in urban areas and speak only their native languages d. Some members work to revive and save native cultures e. None of the above

Q: The process of assimilation could be illustrated by: a. Immigrants celebrating the holidays of their native country b. The great grandson of an immigrant changing his name back to the original spelling c. A minority group member being expelled from high school because of fighting d. An immigrant learning the language of her new country e. An immigrant refusing to speak English with her family

Q: Racial and ethnic minority groups can overlap. That is, so-called ethnic groups may have (or may be thought to have) distinguishing physical characteristics. a. True b. False

Q: Whites and blacks perceive treatment by police and the court system very differently. a. True b. False

Q: Institutional discrimination helps to sustain and reinforce the unequal positions of racial and ethnic groups in the stratification system. a. True b. False

Q: Ideological discrimination is the societal equivalent to individual discrimination. a. True b. False

Q: Ideological discrimination is a belief system that asserts that a particular group is inferior. a. True b. False

Q: The relative advantage of the dominant group is maintained day-to-day by widespread institutional discrimination. a. True b. False

Q: Discrimination and prejudice do not necessarily occur together. a. True b. False

Q: Jane is prejudiced if she treats a person in a negative way because of that person's membership in a particular group. a. True b. False

Q: Racism is a prerequisite for prejudice. a. True b. False

Q: Much of the history of slavery in the United States has been told from the perspective of the slaves. a. True b. False

Q: The major limitation of racial taxonomies is that they cannot provide clear lines between racial groups. a. True b. False

Q: The social conception of race retains a great deal of strength in everyday life in the United States. a. True b. False

Q: There are clear dividing lines with little overlap between races. a. True b. False

Q: Institutional discrimination can be done subtly and without conscious intent. a. True b. False

Q: In the United States, minority group status has been and continues to be one of the most important determinants of life chances, health, wealth, and success. a. True b. False

Q: Changes in subsistence technology from agriculture to industrialization to the "information society" do not alter the stratification system. a. True b. False

Q: According to your book, Max Weber thought it was important to analyze stratification within the level of development of a society such as whether it is an agricultural or postindustrial society. a. True b. False

Q: Max Weber distinguished three different sources of stratification in society: class, prestige, and power. a. True b. False

Q: According to Marx, one class owns or controls the means of production, and in the case of an industrial society, Marx called this elite or ruling class the proletariat. The other class is the working class, or the bourgeoisie. a. True b. False

Q: Marx believed that the ultimate result of class struggle would be the victory of the working class and a classless society. a. True b. False

Q: Societies are divided into horizontal layers (or strata) called social classes, classes that differ from one another by the amount of resources they command. a. True b. False

Q: Interracial marriages were illegal in some states in the United States until the late 1960s. a. True b. False

Q: The awareness of minority group members of their differentiation from the dominant group provides the basis for strong bonds and a sense of group solidarity. a. True b. False

Q: Social classes and minority groups are correlated but vary independently. a. True b. False

Q: Stratification is a basic feature of society. a. True b. False

Q: Groups that are defined primarily by their cultural characteristics are called racial minority groups. a. True b. False

Q: Scientists have concluded that skin color and other racial traits have little scientific, evolutionary, medical, or biological importance. a. True b. False

Q: Ideological racism is a belief system that asserts that a particular group is inferior. In other words, it is the group or societal equivalent of individual prejudice. a. True b. False

Q: Minority groups are disadvantaged usually as the result of the actions of another group or groups who benefit from the arrangement. a. True b. False

Q: The matrix of domination describes how women and men can be discriminated against based on the overlapping components of age, race, and gender.a. Trueb. False

Q: Over the past three decades, the number of immigrants arriving in the United States each year has significantly increased. a. True b. False

Q: The degree of income inequality between African Americans and European Americans has lessened during the past 30 years. a. True b. False

Q: Institutional discrimination helps __________ the respective positions of dominant and minority groups. a. reinforce b. equalize c. minimize d. terminate

Q: Explain the phrase "ideological racism exists apart from the individuals in a society at a particular time" a. Ideological racism is incorporated into one's culture and is passed on from generation to generation. b. Ideological racism is a group dynamic that is impossible to change. c. Ideological racism will continue, even in the absence of prejudice and discrimination. d. Ideological racism is more overt and powerful than individual stereotypes and prejudice.

Q: Which of the following is an example of miscegenation? a. Lou is an African American male who is involuntarily a minority group member for life b. Lou is an African American male who encounters disapproving looks when he golfs at his country club. c. Lou is an African American male who is married to Charlene, a Native American female d. Lou is an African American male who continues to strive for the American dream despite discrimination and prejudice.

Q: According to Patricia Hill Collins, opportunity and experience are shaped by a. dichotomous, class-based systems. b. a matrix of domination. c. uniform, gender-based privilege. d. a desire for stratification.

Q: Gerhard Lenski is to __________ as Patricia Hill Collins is to __________. a. intersectionality; subsistence technology b. subsistence technology; intersectionality c. bourgeoisie; proletariat d. proletariat; bourgeoisie

Q: The Declaration of Independence was inconsistent with the actions of the dominant group at that time. a. True b. False

Q: Racism a prerequisite for prejudice; in other words, prejudice cannot exist without racism. a. True b. False

Q: The traditional American perception of race as based primarily on skin color has no scientific validity. a. True b. False

Q: Class, prestige, and power are three dimensions of a(n) a. institutional minority. b. immigration pattern. c. cognitive prejudice. d. stratification system.

Q: Which dimension of globalization is key to understanding contemporary immigration? a. Economics and the movement of jobs and opportunity from place to place b. The relationship between the bourgeoisie and the proletariats. c. Unequal stratification systems within and between countries. d. The growth of terrorism throughout industrialized society.

Q: How did the North American Trade Agreement of 1994 affect immigration in the United States? a. It allowed rural Mexicans to enter the United States for work purposes, decreasing the number of illegal immigrant deaths. b. It promoted free trade with Canada. c. It globalized the three North American nations allowing goods and capital to move freely, which destroyed the livelihood of many rural Mexicans. d. It sealed all borders and increased the size of the Border Patrol, resulting in an increase in terror attacks.

Q: The increasing interconnectedness of people, groups, organizations, and nations is referred to as a. globalization. b. assimilation c. immigration. d. pluralism