Q&A Hero

Q: "How a Scholarship Girl Becomes a Soldier: The Militarization of Latina/o Youth in Chicago Public Schools," Gina Perez Gina Perez explores the complicated relationship between young Latina/o students in Chicago and the U.S. military. Perez argues that in addition to limited economic opportunities, gendered understandings of autonomy, family obligations, honor and respectability influence, how young people respond to the increasingly militarized educational context. Chicago public schools lead the nation with more than _______________students participating in public school military programs. a. 2,000 b. 200 c. 6,000 d. 10,000

Q: _______________ are the most economically disadvantaged group in all of Chicago: a. Mexicans b. Blacks c. Puerto Ricans d. Cubans

Q: "How a Scholarship Girl Becomes a Soldier: The Militarization of Latina/o Youth in Chicago Public Schools," Gina Perez Gina Perez explores the complicated relationship between young Latina/o students in Chicago and the U.S. military. Perez argues that in addition to limited economic opportunities, gendered understandings of autonomy, family obligations, honor and respectability influence, how young people respond to the increasingly militarized educational context. Studies of Chicago have found that _______________of the jobs requiring only a high school diploma pay a living wage for a family with dependent children: a. 50% b. none c. all d. 80%

Q: "How a Scholarship Girl Becomes a Soldier: The Militarization of Latina/o Youth in Chicago Public Schools," Gina Perez Gina Perez explores the complicated relationship between young Latina/o students in Chicago and the U.S. military. Perez argues that in addition to limited economic opportunities, gendered understandings of autonomy, family obligations, honor and respectability influence, how young people respond to the increasingly militarized educational context. For Chicago Puerto Ricans, the military is an institution understood to be: a. an unacceptable route to success b. a predator to young students hoping to gain higher education c. an important avenue of social mobility d. a potential interruption on the road of social mobility

Q: "From the Achievement Gap to the Education Debt: Understanding Achievement in U.S. Schools," Gloria Ladson-Billings Ladson-Billings addresses the "achievement gap", a catchphrase to describe the difference in academic performance between White, minority, and lower socio-economic status students. This gap has been found to be most significantly affected by race and ethnicity, with a brief review of some of the potential causes. Ladson-Billings suggests avoiding too much focus on the gap, because most of the solutions are short-term in nature, and instead to look at the longer standing "educational debt" akin to the financial national debt. This debt is seen as the underlying cause of much of our national problems with regard to achievement, and that addressing it is necessary to truly have desegregated schools, as well as to come closer to fully realizing equality in the United States. The primary reason we should be addressing the educational debt is a. the impact it has on present education progress b. the value of understanding the debt and its connection to previous research findings on education c. the potential for creating a better educational future d. all of these choices are correct

Q: "From the Achievement Gap to the Education Debt: Understanding Achievement in U.S. Schools," Gloria Ladson-Billings Ladson-Billings addresses the "achievement gap", a catchphrase to describe the difference in academic performance between White, minority, and lower socio-economic status students. This gap has been found to be most significantly affected by race and ethnicity, with a brief review of some of the potential causes. Ladson-Billings suggests avoiding too much focus on the gap, because most of the solutions are short-term in nature, and instead to look at the longer standing "educational debt" akin to the financial national debt. This debt is seen as the underlying cause of much of our national problems with regard to achievement, and that addressing it is necessary to truly have desegregated schools, as well as to come closer to fully realizing equality in the United States. The largest beneficiaries of affirmative action were a. Black males b. White males c. White women d. Latino males

Q: "From the Achievement Gap to the Education Debt: Understanding Achievement in U.S. Schools," Gloria Ladson-Billings Ladson-Billings addresses the "achievement gap", a catchphrase to describe the difference in academic performance between White, minority, and lower socio-economic status students. This gap has been found to be most significantly affected by race and ethnicity, with a brief review of some of the potential causes. Ladson-Billings suggests avoiding too much focus on the gap, because most of the solutions are short-term in nature, and instead to look at the longer standing "educational debt" akin to the financial national debt. This debt is seen as the underlying cause of much of our national problems with regard to achievement, and that addressing it is necessary to truly have desegregated schools, as well as to come closer to fully realizing equality in the United States. Chicago public schools spend about _________ per pupil in a city school that is 87% Black and Latino a. $6,232 b. $8,482 c. $9,299 d. $11,627

Q: "From the Achievement Gap to the Education Debt: Understanding Achievement in U.S. Schools," Gloria Ladson-Billings Ladson-Billings addresses the "achievement gap", a catchphrase to describe the difference in academic performance between White, minority, and lower socio-economic status students. This gap has been found to be most significantly affected by race and ethnicity, with a brief review of some of the potential causes. Ladson-Billings suggests avoiding too much focus on the gap, because most of the solutions are short-term in nature, and instead to look at the longer standing "educational debt" akin to the financial national debt. This debt is seen as the underlying cause of much of our national problems with regard to achievement, and that addressing it is necessary to truly have desegregated schools, as well as to come closer to fully realizing equality in the United States. During the Jim Crow south, the school year was typically four months long because of a. students skipping class b. teachers not willing to teach longer c. weather d. agricultural seasons

Q: "From the Achievement Gap to the Education Debt: Understanding Achievement in U.S. Schools," Gloria Ladson-Billings Ladson-Billings addresses the "achievement gap", a catchphrase to describe the difference in academic performance between White, minority, and lower socio-economic status students. This gap has been found to be most significantly affected by race and ethnicity, with a brief review of some of the potential causes. Ladson-Billings suggests avoiding too much focus on the gap, because most of the solutions are short-term in nature, and instead to look at the longer standing "educational debt" akin to the financial national debt. This debt is seen as the underlying cause of much of our national problems with regard to achievement, and that addressing it is necessary to truly have desegregated schools, as well as to come closer to fully realizing equality in the United States. Ladson-Billings via metaphor chooses to call the achievement gap a. education debt b. education deficit c. national debt d. education surplus

Q: "From the Achievement Gap to the Education Debt: Understanding Achievement in U.S. Schools," Gloria Ladson-Billings Ladson-Billings addresses the "achievement gap", a catchphrase to describe the difference in academic performance between White, minority, and lower socio-economic status students. This gap has been found to be most significantly affected by race and ethnicity, with a brief review of some of the potential causes. Ladson-Billings suggests avoiding too much focus on the gap, because most of the solutions are short-term in nature, and instead to look at the longer standing "educational debt" akin to the financial national debt. This debt is seen as the underlying cause of much of our national problems with regard to achievement, and that addressing it is necessary to truly have desegregated schools, as well as to come closer to fully realizing equality in the United States. All but which of the following are known to be correlated with academic achievement? a. School composition b. Student's family background c. Teacher's verbal skills d. Student's ethnic background

Q: "From the Achievement Gap to the Education Debt: Understanding Achievement in U.S. Schools," Gloria Ladson-Billings Ladson-Billings addresses the "achievement gap", a catchphrase to describe the difference in academic performance between White, minority, and lower socio-economic status students. This gap has been found to be most significantly affected by race and ethnicity, with a brief review of some of the potential causes. Ladson-Billings suggests avoiding too much focus on the gap, because most of the solutions are short-term in nature, and instead to look at the longer standing "educational debt" akin to the financial national debt. This debt is seen as the underlying cause of much of our national problems with regard to achievement, and that addressing it is necessary to truly have desegregated schools, as well as to come closer to fully realizing equality in the United States. In research by Ladson-Billings, the point differential measuring the Achievement Gap between Black/Latino/Latina and White students in Fourth Grade math scores was a. 15 points b. 17 points c. 20 points d. 26 points

Q: "Affirming Identity in an Era of School Desegregation," Beverly Tatum Tatum examines the unintended side effects of school desegregation in the United States, with an emphasis on the differences in identity between Black students and White teachers. With the growth of affirmative action programs, Black college students saw the education field as dwindling in opportunities and began to focus more on business administration programs, resulting in a low number of Black school teachers. The effect is most pronounced in urban schools, with White female teachers comprising between 65 and 76 percent, while students of color total around 76 percent. Tatum expresses concern at the disconnect between the two groups, and fears that resentment and mistrust between them severely undermines both education and allowing students to maintain their identity. At the same time, Tatum discusses that White children with largely White teachers are unable to gain a deeper understanding of students of color. Besides a more diverse workforce, she suggests better training to develop a richer understanding of the students of color they will work with. Tatum defines a "White ally" as everything but someone who a. understands privilege can be used to make a more equitable system b. points out privilege in others c. that privilege has been historically used for such, and to recognize it d. they can align themselves with that history

Q: "Affirming Identity in an Era of School Desegregation," Beverly Tatum Tatum examines the unintended side effects of school desegregation in the United States, with an emphasis on the differences in identity between Black students and White teachers. With the growth of affirmative action programs, Black college students saw the education field as dwindling in opportunities and began to focus more on business administration programs, resulting in a low number of Black school teachers. The effect is most pronounced in urban schools, with White female teachers comprising between 65 and 76 percent, while students of color total around 76 percent. Tatum expresses concern at the disconnect between the two groups, and fears that resentment and mistrust between them severely undermines both education and allowing students to maintain their identity. At the same time, Tatum discusses that White children with largely White teachers are unable to gain a deeper understanding of students of color. Besides a more diverse workforce, she suggests better training to develop a richer understanding of the students of color they will work with. According to Kohl's quote in the text, learning from a stranger that does not respect a student's integrity results in a loss of a. educational merit b. self c. interest d. rapport

Q: "Affirming Identity in an Era of School Desegregation," Beverly Tatum Tatum examines the unintended side effects of school desegregation in the United States, with an emphasis on the differences in identity between Black students and White teachers. With the growth of affirmative action programs, Black college students saw the education field as dwindling in opportunities and began to focus more on business administration programs, resulting in a low number of Black school teachers. The effect is most pronounced in urban schools, with White female teachers comprising between 65 and 76 percent, while students of color total around 76 percent. Tatum expresses concern at the disconnect between the two groups, and fears that resentment and mistrust between them severely undermines both education and allowing students to maintain their identity. At the same time, Tatum discusses that White children with largely White teachers are unable to gain a deeper understanding of students of color. Besides a more diverse workforce, she suggests better training to develop a richer understanding of the students of color they will work with. The most significant cultural mismatch between students and teachers is in _________ school districts a. suburban b. rural c. urban d. both rural and urban

Q: "Affirming Identity in an Era of School Desegregation," Beverly Tatum Tatum examines the unintended side effects of school desegregation in the United States, with an emphasis on the differences in identity between Black students and White teachers. With the growth of affirmative action programs, Black college students saw the education field as dwindling in opportunities and began to focus more on business administration programs, resulting in a low number of Black school teachers. The effect is most pronounced in urban schools, with White female teachers comprising between 65 and 76 percent, while students of color total around 76 percent. Tatum expresses concern at the disconnect between the two groups, and fears that resentment and mistrust between them severely undermines both education and allowing students to maintain their identity. At the same time, Tatum discusses that White children with largely White teachers are unable to gain a deeper understanding of students of color. Besides a more diverse workforce, she suggests better training to develop a richer understanding of the students of color they will work with. Of the teachers in the United States, how many are African American? a. 7.5% b. 10.2% c. 15.6% d. 17.2%

Q: "Navigating Interracial Borders: Black-White Couples and their Social Worlds," Erica Chito Childs Erica Chito Childs examines the experiences and challenges that Black/White couples face within their families and communities. Although interracial relationships and marriages are often viewed as a sign of improving race relations, she argues that these relationships are often met with opposition from both White and Black communities. She examines the discourse that families use when discussing their feelings and beliefs about interracial relationships. She finds, for example, that White families often pose their opposition to Black/White marriage in non-racial terms and stress that they are "concerned" for how difficult society would make life for the child who is involved interracially. In contrast to White families, Black families emphasize the importance of "marrying Black" to their children and explicitly identify race as an issue. Her conclusion is that because interracial couples exist in, what she terms, a "borderland" between Black and White, her examination of interracial couples offers much to our understanding contemporary race relations. The beliefs expressed by the both the Black and White families illustrate the centrality of race in constructing families and identities and, particularly, the social construction of race. According to Childs, White families discourage their family members from engaging in interracial relationships to maintain _______________. Black families discourage interracial unions to maintain _______________. a. solidarity; privilege b. opposition; assimilation c. family heritage; societal acceptance d. White privilege; strength and solidarity of Black communities

Q: "Navigating Interracial Borders: Black-White Couples and their Social Worlds," Erica Chito Childs Erica Chito Childs examines the experiences and challenges that Black/White couples face within their families and communities. Although interracial relationships and marriages are often viewed as a sign of improving race relations, she argues that these relationships are often met with opposition from both White and Black communities. She examines the discourse that families use when discussing their feelings and beliefs about interracial relationships. She finds, for example, that White families often pose their opposition to Black/White marriage in non-racial terms and stress that they are "concerned" for how difficult society would make life for the child who is involved interracially. In contrast to White families, Black families emphasize the importance of "marrying Black" to their children and explicitly identify race as an issue. Her conclusion is that because interracial couples exist in, what she terms, a "borderland" between Black and White, her examination of interracial couples offers much to our understanding contemporary race relations. The beliefs expressed by the both the Black and White families illustrate the centrality of race in constructing families and identities and, particularly, the social construction of race. Unlike White communities, Black college students and Black community respondents: a. expressed "concern" for the family member involved in an interracial relationship b. discussed other families that they knew rather than their own views c. explicitly identified race as an issue and stressed the importance of marrying Black d. all of these answers are correct.

Q: "Navigating Interracial Borders: Black-White Couples and their Social Worlds," Erica Chito Childs Erica Chito Childs examines the experiences and challenges that Black/White couples face within their families and communities. Although interracial relationships and marriages are often viewed as a sign of improving race relations, she argues that these relationships are often met with opposition from both White and Black communities. She examines the discourse that families use when discussing their feelings and beliefs about interracial relationships. She finds, for example, that White families often pose their opposition to Black/White marriage in non-racial terms and stress that they are "concerned" for how difficult society would make life for the child who is involved interracially. In contrast to White families, Black families emphasize the importance of "marrying Black" to their children and explicitly identify race as an issue. Her conclusion is that because interracial couples exist in, what she terms, a "borderland" between Black and White, her examination of interracial couples offers much to our understanding contemporary race relations. The beliefs expressed by the both the Black and White families illustrate the centrality of race in constructing families and identities and, particularly, the social construction of race. When Childs asked White respondents why their families would oppose them being involved in an interracial relationship, many of the participants cited _______________ as the reason why they and/or their family personally would prefer that their family not become involved interracially. a. "opposition of the larger society" b. "personal prejudices" c. "previous personal experience" d. "mistrust"

Q: "Navigating Interracial Borders: Black-White Couples and their Social Worlds," Erica Chito Childs Erica Chito Childs examines the experiences and challenges that Black/White couples face within their families and communities. Although interracial relationships and marriages are often viewed as a sign of improving race relations, she argues that these relationships are often met with opposition from both White and Black communities. She examines the discourse that families use when discussing their feelings and beliefs about interracial relationships. She finds, for example, that White families often pose their opposition to Black/White marriage in non-racial terms and stress that they are "concerned" for how difficult society would make life for the child who is involved interracially. In contrast to White families, Black families emphasize the importance of "marrying Black" to their children and explicitly identify race as an issue. Her conclusion is that because interracial couples exist in, what she terms, a "borderland" between Black and White, her examination of interracial couples offers much to our understanding contemporary race relations. The beliefs expressed by the both the Black and White families illustrate the centrality of race in constructing families and identities and, particularly, the social construction of race. According to Childs, interracial couples exist on the color-line in society or what she calls the _______________ between Black and White. a. "transgression zone" b. "borderland" c. "common ground" d. "neutral zone"

Q: "Navigating Interracial Borders: Black-White Couples and their Social Worlds," Erica Chito Childs Erica Chito Childs examines the experiences and challenges that Black/White couples face within their families and communities. Although interracial relationships and marriages are often viewed as a sign of improving race relations, she argues that these relationships are often met with opposition from both White and Black communities. She examines the discourse that families use when discussing their feelings and beliefs about interracial relationships. She finds, for example, that White families often pose their opposition to Black/White marriage in non-racial terms and stress that they are "concerned" for how difficult society would make life for the child who is involved interracially. In contrast to White families, Black families emphasize the importance of "marrying Black" to their children and explicitly identify race as an issue. Her conclusion is that because interracial couples exist in, what she terms, a "borderland" between Black and White, her examination of interracial couples offers much to our understanding contemporary race relations. The beliefs expressed by the both the Black and White families illustrate the centrality of race in constructing families and identities and, particularly, the social construction of race. Using herself as an example, Childs argues that there is a racial ideology or dominant discourse underlying responses to interracial couples that views interracial couples and interracial relationships as: a. normal b. natural c. deviant d. common

Q: "Straight is to Gay as Family is to No Family," Kath WestonThis essay presents a distinct dichotomy that depicts the establishment and maintenance of family and extended kin in the gay and straight world. Weston delineates a path of rejection, isolation and loneliness from straight families as gay persons attempt to establish individual identities. In addressing misperceptions surrounding gay life, this essay also introduces alternative approaches to the establishment and cultivation of family life.Weston believes gay, or chosen, families cannot be understood apart from the families lesbians and gay men call:a. biological, blood or straight.b. friends and neighbors.c. offspring and friends.d. normal.

Q: "Straight is to Gay as Family is to No Family," Kath Weston This essay presents a distinct dichotomy that depicts the establishment and maintenance of family and extended kin in the gay and straight world. Weston delineates a path of rejection, isolation and loneliness from straight families as gay persons attempt to establish individual identities. In addressing misperceptions surrounding gay life, this essay also introduces alternative approaches to the establishment and cultivation of family life. Weston reveals that gay or chosen families might incorporate: a. co-workers, extended family, friends. b. biological family, extended family, neighbors. c. friends, lovers or children. d. co-workers, supervisors, friends.

Q: "Straight is to Gay as Family is to No Family," Kath WestonThis essay presents a distinct dichotomy that depicts the establishment and maintenance of family and extended kin in the gay and straight world. Weston delineates a path of rejection, isolation and loneliness from straight families as gay persons attempt to establish individual identities. In addressing misperceptions surrounding gay life, this essay also introduces alternative approaches to the establishment and cultivation of family life.According to Weston, people who equated their adoption of a lesbian or gay identity with a renunciation of family did so in the double-sided sense of:a. fearing rejection by the families in which they had grown up, and not expecting to marry or have children as adults.b. fearing acceptance by the families in which they had grown up and choosing not to have children.c. fearing rejection by co-workers and not having a family to rely upon.d. fearing a life of loneliness and wanting acceptance from the family.

Q: "Straight is to Gay as Family is to No Family," Kath WestonThis essay presents a distinct dichotomy that depicts the establishment and maintenance of family and extended kin in the gay and straight world. Weston delineates a path of rejection, isolation and loneliness from straight families as gay persons attempt to establish individual identities. In addressing misperceptions surrounding gay life, this essay also introduces alternative approaches to the establishment and cultivation of family life.Based on Weston's research, some lesbians and gay men have embraced the popular equation of their sexual identities with the:a. hope for a better future.b. renunciation of access to kinship.c. renunciation of fear.d. remnants of power and success.

Q: "Straight is to Gay as Family is to No Family," Kath WestonThis essay presents a distinct dichotomy that depicts the establishment and maintenance of family and extended kin in the gay and straight world. Weston delineates a path of rejection, isolation and loneliness from straight families as gay persons attempt to establish individual identities. In addressing misperceptions surrounding gay life, this essay also introduces alternative approaches to the establishment and cultivation of family life.Weston argues the characterization of lesbians and gay men as non-reproductive beings links their supposed attacks on the family to:a. attacks on everyday citizenry.b. attacks on society in the broadest sense.c. attacks on heterosexuals.d. jealousy of heterosexuals

Q: "Straight is to Gay as Family is to No Family," Kath WestonThis essay presents a distinct dichotomy that depicts the establishment and maintenance of family and extended kin in the gay and straight world. Weston delineates a path of rejection, isolation and loneliness from straight families as gay persons attempt to establish individual identities. In addressing misperceptions surrounding gay life, this essay also introduces alternative approaches to the establishment and cultivation of family life.According to Weston, a long sociological tradition in the United States of studying the family under siege or in various states of dissolution lent credibility to charges that this institution required protection from:a. destructive forces.b. societal ills.c. the homosexual threat.d. a lesbian threat.

Q: "Straight is to Gay as Family is to No Family," Kath WestonThis essay presents a distinct dichotomy that depicts the establishment and maintenance of family and extended kin in the gay and straight world. Weston delineates a path of rejection, isolation and loneliness from straight families as gay persons attempt to establish individual identities. In addressing misperceptions surrounding gay life, this essay also introduces alternative approaches to the establishment and cultivation of family life.Weston believes assumptions about gays and lesbians are but a short step from placing them somewhere beyond the family, unencumbered by relations of kinship, responsibility, or affection to portraying them:a. as timely destroyers.b. as a menace to family and society.c. as assets to family and society.d. as beneficial to family and society

Q: "Straight is to Gay as Family is to No Family," Kath WestonThis essay presents a distinct dichotomy that depicts the establishment and maintenance of family and extended kin in the gay and straight world. Weston delineates a path of rejection, isolation and loneliness from straight families as gay persons attempt to establish individual identities. In addressing misperceptions surrounding gay life, this essay also introduces alternative approaches to the establishment and cultivation of family life.According to Weston, to assert that straight people naturally have access to family, while gay people are destined to move toward a life of solitude and loneliness, is to:a. tie kinship closely to procreation.b. tie destiny closely to procreation and to treat gay and lesbians as heterosexuals.c. believe that gays and lesbians are enemies of the family, especially children.d. ignore the fact that gay couples can procreate

Q: "Straight is to Gay as Family is to No Family," Kath Weston This essay presents a distinct dichotomy that depicts the establishment and maintenance of family and extended kin in the gay and straight world. Weston delineates a path of rejection, isolation and loneliness from straight families as gay persons attempt to establish individual identities. In addressing misperceptions surrounding gay life, this essay also introduces alternative approaches to the establishment and cultivation of family life. According to Weston, two assumptions surround the divide between gay life and family: a. the absence of children or lasting relationships and alienation of adoptive and blood kin. b. too many children and poor relationships. c. numerous children and only one biological parent. d. family acceptance and lasting relationships.

Q: "Straight is to Gay as Family is to No Family," Kath Weston This essay presents a distinct dichotomy that depicts the establishment and maintenance of family and extended kin in the gay and straight world. Weston delineates a path of rejection, isolation and loneliness from straight families as gay persons attempt to establish individual identities. In addressing misperceptions surrounding gay life, this essay also introduces alternative approaches to the establishment and cultivation of family life. According to Weston, a lesbian or gay identity has been portrayed as a rejection of: a. the family and a departure from kinship. b. dominant society values. c. the community. d. freedom.

Q: "Exploring the Intersections of Race, Ethnicity, and Class on Maternity Leave Decisions: Implications for Public Policy," Tiffany Manuel and Ruth Enid Zambrana Manuel and Zambrana examine the accessibility of maternity leave in the United States. They point out the fact that of most similar industrialized nations have significantly more security regarding maternity leave, wage replacement, and even paternity leave. Major federal legislation, including the Equal Pay Act, the Civil Rights Act, and Pregnancy Discrimination act are outlined. Greater focus is placed on the Family Medical Leave Act of 1993, which mandates that large employers must provide eligible employees 12 weeks of unpaid, job protected maternity leave (or other health related needs). Turning their focus to low-income mothers, it was found that they took shorter periods of maternity leave than other groups. Race, ethnicity, and social class are found to be heavily related to amount of maternity leave taken, and that flexible leave benefits are best, as they can be better shaped to fit a heterogeneous population. Which group takes the least amount of maternity leave during pregnancy and childbirth? a. Low-income mothers with less than one year on the job b. Low-income mothers with one to two years on the job c. High-income mothers with three or more years at their job d. Low-income mothers with three or more years at their job

Q: "Exploring the Intersections of Race, Ethnicity, and Class on Maternity Leave Decisions: Implications for Public Policy," Tiffany Manuel and Ruth Enid Zambrana Manuel and Zambrana examine the accessibility of maternity leave in the United States. They point out the fact that of most similar industrialized nations have significantly more security regarding maternity leave, wage replacement, and even paternity leave. Major federal legislation, including the Equal Pay Act, the Civil Rights Act, and Pregnancy Discrimination act are outlined. Greater focus is placed on the Family Medical Leave Act of 1993, which mandates that large employers must provide eligible employees 12 weeks of unpaid, job protected maternity leave (or other health related needs). Turning their focus to low-income mothers, it was found that they took shorter periods of maternity leave than other groups. Race, ethnicity, and social class are found to be heavily related to amount of maternity leave taken, and that flexible leave benefits are best, as they can be better shaped to fit a heterogeneous population. Existing research shows the period around childbirth is closely correlated with: a. increased economic vulnerability b. likelihood of being in poverty c. public assistance use d. all of these choices are correct

Q: "Exploring the Intersections of Race, Ethnicity, and Class on Maternity Leave Decisions: Implications for Public Policy," Tiffany Manuel and Ruth Enid Zambrana Manuel and Zambrana examine the accessibility of maternity leave in the United States. They point out the fact that of most similar industrialized nations have significantly more security regarding maternity leave, wage replacement, and even paternity leave. Major federal legislation, including the Equal Pay Act, the Civil Rights Act, and Pregnancy Discrimination act are outlined. Greater focus is placed on the Family Medical Leave Act of 1993, which mandates that large employers must provide eligible employees 12 weeks of unpaid, job protected maternity leave (or other health related needs). Turning their focus to low-income mothers, it was found that they took shorter periods of maternity leave than other groups. Race, ethnicity, and social class are found to be heavily related to amount of maternity leave taken, and that flexible leave benefits are best, as they can be better shaped to fit a heterogeneous population. Between 1991 and 1995, roughly how many women quit their jobs upon becoming pregnant? a. 30% b. 35% c. 40% d. 60%

Q: "Exploring the Intersections of Race, Ethnicity, and Class on Maternity Leave Decisions: Implications for Public Policy," Tiffany Manuel and Ruth Enid Zambrana Manuel and Zambrana examine the accessibility of maternity leave in the United States. They point out the fact that of most similar industrialized nations have significantly more security regarding maternity leave, wage replacement, and even paternity leave. Major federal legislation, including the Equal Pay Act, the Civil Rights Act, and Pregnancy Discrimination act are outlined. Greater focus is placed on the Family Medical Leave Act of 1993, which mandates that large employers must provide eligible employees 12 weeks of unpaid, job protected maternity leave (or other health related needs). Turning their focus to low-income mothers, it was found that they took shorter periods of maternity leave than other groups. Race, ethnicity, and social class are found to be heavily related to amount of maternity leave taken, and that flexible leave benefits are best, as they can be better shaped to fit a heterogeneous population. What requires that eligible employees receive up to 12 weeks of unpaid protected leave to care for children? a. Equal Pay Act (1963) b. Civil Rights Act (1964) c. Pregnancy Discrimination Act (1978) d. Family and Medical Leave Act (1993)

Q: "Exploring the Intersections of Race, Ethnicity, and Class on Maternity Leave Decisions: Implications for Public Policy," Tiffany Manuel and Ruth Enid Zambrana Manuel and Zambrana examine the accessibility of maternity leave in the United States. They point out the fact that of most similar industrialized nations have significantly more security regarding maternity leave, wage replacement, and even paternity leave. Major federal legislation, including the Equal Pay Act, the Civil Rights Act, and Pregnancy Discrimination act are outlined. Greater focus is placed on the Family Medical Leave Act of 1993, which mandates that large employers must provide eligible employees 12 weeks of unpaid, job protected maternity leave (or other health related needs). Turning their focus to low-income mothers, it was found that they took shorter periods of maternity leave than other groups. Race, ethnicity, and social class are found to be heavily related to amount of maternity leave taken, and that flexible leave benefits are best, as they can be better shaped to fit a heterogeneous population. What law made it unlawful for employers to terminate women because they were pregnant? a. Equal Pay Act (1963) b. Civil Rights Act (1964) c. Pregnancy Discrimination Act (1978) d. Family and Medical Leave Act (1993)

Q: "Exploring the Intersections of Race, Ethnicity, and Class on Maternity Leave Decisions: Implications for Public Policy," Tiffany Manuel and Ruth Enid Zambrana Manuel and Zambrana examine the accessibility of maternity leave in the United States. They point out the fact that of most similar industrialized nations have significantly more security regarding maternity leave, wage replacement, and even paternity leave. Major federal legislation, including the Equal Pay Act, the Civil Rights Act, and Pregnancy Discrimination act are outlined. Greater focus is placed on the Family Medical Leave Act of 1993, which mandates that large employers must provide eligible employees 12 weeks of unpaid, job protected maternity leave (or other health related needs). Turning their focus to low-income mothers, it was found that they took shorter periods of maternity leave than other groups. Race, ethnicity, and social class are found to be heavily related to amount of maternity leave taken, and that flexible leave benefits are best, as they can be better shaped to fit a heterogeneous population. What percentage of mothers are employed in America? a. 30% b. 57% c. 72% d. 90%

Q: "Exploring the Intersections of Race, Ethnicity, and Class on Maternity Leave Decisions: Implications for Public Policy," Tiffany Manuel and Ruth Enid Zambrana Manuel and Zambrana examine the accessibility of maternity leave in the United States. They point out the fact that of most similar industrialized nations have significantly more security regarding maternity leave, wage replacement, and even paternity leave. Major federal legislation, including the Equal Pay Act, the Civil Rights Act, and Pregnancy Discrimination act are outlined. Greater focus is placed on the Family Medical Leave Act of 1993, which mandates that large employers must provide eligible employees 12 weeks of unpaid, job protected maternity leave (or other health related needs). Turning their focus to low-income mothers, it was found that they took shorter periods of maternity leave than other groups. Race, ethnicity, and social class are found to be heavily related to amount of maternity leave taken, and that flexible leave benefits are best, as they can be better shaped to fit a heterogeneous population. Why is it theorized by Manuel and Zambrana that family leave policies have grown in the past 30 years? a. Economic prosperity b. Liberal corporate executives c. Gender shift in the workforce d. Policies have changed little in the past thirty years

Q: "Our Mothers' Grief: Racial-Ethnic Women and the Maintenance of Families," Bonnie Thornton Dill Bonnie Thornton Dill broadens the dominant perspective of American families through this historical analysis of racial-ethnic women and their families. She demonstrates how the establishment of the "modern American family" ideal and expectations of racial and ethnic groups as sources of cheap labor created distinct familial experiences among women of various racial-ethnic groups in early America According to Bonnie Thornton Dill which of the following reflects the double bind experienced by racial-ethnic women of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries? a. Their required participation in the labor force denied them the status of socially acceptable women, wives, and mothers. b. Their equal status in the labor force did not result in egalitarian relationships with their husbands. c. The sacrifice they made by participating in the labor force was looked upon as admirable by dominant society. d. Because they worked in the paid labor force they had to hire other women to care for their own homes and children.

Q: "Our Mothers' Grief: Racial-Ethnic Women and the Maintenance of Families," Bonnie Thornton Dill Bonnie Thornton Dill broadens the dominant perspective of American families through this historical analysis of racial-ethnic women and their families. She demonstrates how the establishment of the "modern American family" ideal and expectations of racial and ethnic groups as sources of cheap labor created distinct familial experiences among women of various racial-ethnic groups in early America Mexican American families have been negatively affected by: a. colonization. b. the loss of Mexican-owned land through the inability to document ownership. c. the transient jobs in which they were employed. d. all of these answers are correct

Q: "Our Mothers' Grief: Racial-Ethnic Women and the Maintenance of Families," Bonnie Thornton Dill Bonnie Thornton Dill broadens the dominant perspective of American families through this historical analysis of racial-ethnic women and their families. She demonstrates how the establishment of the "modern American family" ideal and expectations of racial and ethnic groups as sources of cheap labor created distinct familial experiences among women of various racial-ethnic groups in early America According to Dill, which of the following was true with regard to Chinese American families of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries? a. Immigration restrictions prevented the formation of families within this group. b. Many Chinese sojourners sent wages to their families in China. c. A split-household form characterized Chinese American families. d. all of these answers are correct

Q: "Our Mothers' Grief: Racial-Ethnic Women and the Maintenance of Families," Bonnie Thornton Dill Bonnie Thornton Dill broadens the dominant perspective of American families through this historical analysis of racial-ethnic women and their families. She demonstrates how the establishment of the "modern American family" ideal and expectations of racial and ethnic groups as sources of cheap labor created distinct familial experiences among women of various racial-ethnic groups in early America According to Dill, which of the following is true with regard to African American families of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries? a. Slave owners controlled the cohesion of slave families. b. After emancipation, African American women were expected to take their position within the private sphere of the home. c. Slave labor mirrored labor divisions among White men and women. d. all of these answers are correct

Q: "Our Mothers' Grief: Racial-Ethnic Women and the Maintenance of Families," Bonnie Thornton Dill Bonnie Thornton Dill broadens the dominant perspective of American families through this historical analysis of racial-ethnic women and their families. She demonstrates how the establishment of the "modern American family" ideal and expectations of racial and ethnic groups as sources of cheap labor created distinct familial experiences among women of various racial-ethnic groups in early America Dill tells us that African American, Chinese American, and Chicano women had which of the following in common during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries? a. They, like White middle class women, worked only in the private sphere of the home. b. They all worked as migrant laborers. c. They all had to work outside the home for wages, as well as inside the home raising children and caring for husbands. d. They all worked as maids and nannies in White people's homes.

Q: "Our Mothers' Grief: Racial-Ethnic Women and the Maintenance of Families," Bonnie Thornton Dill Bonnie Thornton Dill broadens the dominant perspective of American families through this historical analysis of racial-ethnic women and their families. She demonstrates how the establishment of the "modern American family" ideal and expectations of racial and ethnic groups as sources of cheap labor created distinct familial experiences among women of various racial-ethnic groups in early America According to Bonnie Thornton Dill, a White woman working outside the home indicated: a. high social standing of the family. b. an egalitarian relationship between husband and wife. c. insufficient wage earnings of her husband. d. the birth of feminism.

Q: "Our Mothers' Grief: Racial-Ethnic Women and the Maintenance of Families," Bonnie Thornton Dill Bonnie Thornton Dill broadens the dominant perspective of American families through this historical analysis of racial-ethnic women and their families. She demonstrates how the establishment of the "modern American family" ideal and expectations of racial and ethnic groups as sources of cheap labor created distinct familial experiences among women of various racial-ethnic groups in early America According to Bonnie Thornton Dill, the dominant ideology of family structure dictated: a. separate spheres for men and women, and women remaining outside of the paid labor force. b. the involvement of all family members in the paid labor force. c. the entry of women into service occupations. d. the wages for housework campaign.

Q: "Gender Matters. So Do Race And Class: Experiences of Gendered Racism on the Wal-Mart Shop Floor," Sandra E. Weissinger Sandra Weissinger examined complaints made in the Dukes v. Wal-Mart Stores Inc. class action lawsuit to understand the specific ways that individuals who are targeted for mistreatment experience mistreatment in raced, classed and gendered ways. She documents the unequal treatment that women receive in comparison to men, but shows that some women hold contradictory positions. A given woman who is targeted for her gender may be given some privilege linked to her race, thus yielding different outcomes for different women. She argues that discrimination based on sex alone does not explain the variation in women's experiences. She concludes that discriminatory work atmospheres are maintained in multiple and complex ways, contributing to the persistence of "a web of intersecting and relational inequalities." According to Weissinger, "insiders who hold beliefs that make them outsiders need support so they will continue to believe that the long-term benefits of their actions will outweigh the short-term punishments they endure for failing to _______________ discriminatory practices." a. report b. identify c. replicate d. oppose

Q: "Gender Matters. So Do Race And Class: Experiences of Gendered Racism on the Wal-Mart Shop Floor," Sandra E. Weissinger Sandra Weissinger examined complaints made in the Dukes v. Wal-Mart Stores Inc. class action lawsuit to understand the specific ways that individuals who are targeted for mistreatment experience mistreatment in raced, classed and gendered ways. She documents the unequal treatment that women receive in comparison to men, but shows that some women hold contradictory positions. A given woman who is targeted for her gender may be given some privilege linked to her race, thus yielding different outcomes for different women. She argues that discrimination based on sex alone does not explain the variation in women's experiences. She concludes that discriminatory work atmospheres are maintained in multiple and complex ways, contributing to the persistence of "a web of intersecting and relational inequalities." To succeed at Wal-Mart White women were socialized to _______________ discrimination against people of color. a. identify and eliminate b. accept and replicate c. reject and report d. ignore and deny

Q: "Selling Sex for Visas: Sex Tourism as a Stepping-stone to International Migration,"Denise BrennanAddressing the myth that sex workers around the globe are simply victims of exploitation and domination, Denise Brennan considers the case of women sex workers in Sosua, Dominican Republic. These women - predominantly poor, single mothers with limited educations - see sex work not as a survival strategy, but as an advancement strategy. They have meager job opportunities and can make more money more quickly selling sex than in any other job available to them. Ultimately many hope to obtain marriage proposals from wealthy sex tourists, and with them visas to places with greater economic opportunities. Brennan sites these strategies as examples of the "savviness and resourcefulness of the so-called powerless."Marginalized women in marginalized economies:a. are unable to protect themselves in any way from being passive victims.b. come up with creative strategies to control their economic lives.c. are clueless about how to survive, much less advance.d. usually become very wealthy once they enter the sex trade as long as they are pretty andcompliant.

Q: "Selling Sex for Visas: Sex Tourism as a Stepping-stone to International Migration,"Denise BrennanAddressing the myth that sex workers around the globe are simply victims of exploitation and domination, Denise Brennan considers the case of women sex workers in Sosua, Dominican Republic. These women - predominantly poor, single mothers with limited educations - see sex work not as a survival strategy, but as an advancement strategy. They have meager job opportunities and can make more money more quickly selling sex than in any other job available to them. Ultimately many hope to obtain marriage proposals from wealthy sex tourists, and with them visas to places with greater economic opportunities. Brennan sites these strategies as examples of the "savviness and resourcefulness of the so-called powerless."According to Brennan, the attempts by Dominican sex workers to take advantage of clients in order to get visas is evidence of their:a. resourcefulnessb. greedc. oppressiond. victimization by savvy foreign clients

Q: "Selling Sex for Visas: Sex Tourism as a Stepping-stone to International Migration," Denise BrennanAddressing the myth that sex workers around the globe are simply victims of exploitation and domination, Denise Brennan considers the case of women sex workers in Sosua, Dominican Republic. These women - predominantly poor, single mothers with limited educations - see sex work not as a survival strategy, but as an advancement strategy. They have meager job opportunities and can make more money more quickly selling sex than in any other job available to them. Ultimately many hope to obtain marriage proposals from wealthy sex tourists, and with them visas to places with greater economic opportunities. Brennan sites these strategies as examples of the "savviness and resourcefulness of the so-called powerless."The most decisive factor pushing women into the sex trade in Sosua is:a. single motherhoodb. their abusive familiesc. sex slave tradersd. drugs

Q: "Selling Sex for Visas: Sex Tourism as a Stepping-stone to International Migration," Denise BrennanAddressing the myth that sex workers around the globe are simply victims of exploitation and domination, Denise Brennan considers the case of women sex workers in Sosua, Dominican Republic. These women - predominantly poor, single mothers with limited educations - see sex work not as a survival strategy, but as an advancement strategy. They have meager job opportunities and can make more money more quickly selling sex than in any other job available to them. Ultimately many hope to obtain marriage proposals from wealthy sex tourists, and with them visas to places with greater economic opportunities. Brennan sites these strategies as examples of the "savviness and resourcefulness of the so-called powerless."Working in export-processing zones or in domestic work pays on average approximately $100 per month. How much does a sex worker usually earn during a single encounter with a foreign client?a. $10 (100 peso)b. $100 (1,000 pesos)c. $500 (5,000 pesos)d. $50 (500 pesos)

Q: "Selling Sex for Visas: Sex Tourism as a Stepping-stone to International Migration," Denise BrennanAddressing the myth that sex workers around the globe are simply victims of exploitation and domination, Denise Brennan considers the case of women sex workers in Sosua, Dominican Republic. These women - predominantly poor, single mothers with limited educations - see sex work not as a survival strategy, but as an advancement strategy. They have meager job opportunities and can make more money more quickly selling sex than in any other job available to them. Ultimately many hope to obtain marriage proposals from wealthy sex tourists, and with them visas to places with greater economic opportunities. Brennan sites these strategies as examples of the "savviness and resourcefulness of the so-called powerless."How are the working conditions of women sex workers in Sosua controlled?a. largely by the women themselvesb. by pimpsc. by drug lordsd. by patriarchs in their own families

Q: "Selling Sex for Visas: Sex Tourism as a Stepping-stone to International Migration," Denise BrennanAddressing the myth that sex workers around the globe are simply victims of exploitation and domination, Denise Brennan considers the case of women sex workers in Sosua, Dominican Republic. These women - predominantly poor, single mothers with limited educations - see sex work not as a survival strategy, but as an advancement strategy. They have meager job opportunities and can make more money more quickly selling sex than in any other job available to them. Ultimately many hope to obtain marriage proposals from wealthy sex tourists, and with them visas to places with greater economic opportunities. Brennan sites these strategies as examples of the "savviness and resourcefulness of the so-called powerless."Poor single mothers use sex work with European clients as:a. a survival strategy for themselvesb. a survival strategy for their childrenc. an advancement strategyd. a self-esteem enhancer

Q: "Selling Sex for Visas: Sex Tourism as a Stepping-stone to International Migration," Denise BrennanAddressing the myth that sex workers around the globe are simply victims of exploitation and domination, Denise Brennan considers the case of women sex workers in Sosua, Dominican Republic. These women - predominantly poor, single mothers with limited educations - see sex work not as a survival strategy, but as an advancement strategy. They have meager job opportunities and can make more money more quickly selling sex than in any other job available to them. Ultimately many hope to obtain marriage proposals from wealthy sex tourists, and with them visas to places with greater economic opportunities. Brennan sites these strategies as examples of the "savviness and resourcefulness of the so-called powerless."Dominican sex workers make a distinction between marriage for love and marriage for:a. obtaining fathers for their childrenb. romancec. making a familyd. visas

Q: "Straight: The Surprisingly Short History of Heterosexuality," Hanne Blank Blank draws upon personal experience regarding the topic of being labeled "straight" based upon her own definition, having a male-appearing partner who has Klienfelter's Syndrome, a chromosomal makeup that includes an additional X chromosome. The role that genetics, as well as biology (in the form of being able to reproduce) have been used to define what is male and female are addressed as being non-binary, while our definitions of sexuality usually is based on those simple assumptions (heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual). The fact that "heterosexual" and "homosexual" are terms of relatively recent origin, and have been tied more closely to legal issues than anything related to personal perception or identity. The original creation of the terms "homosexual" and "heterosexual" was for a. medical purposes b. philosophical purposes c. religious purposes d. legal purposes

Q: "Straight: The Surprisingly Short History of Heterosexuality," Hanne Blank Blank draws upon personal experience regarding the topic of being labeled "straight" based upon her own definition, having a male-appearing partner who has Klienfelter's Syndrome, a chromosomal makeup that includes an additional X chromosome. The role that genetics, as well as biology (in the form of being able to reproduce) have been used to define what is male and female are addressed as being non-binary, while our definitions of sexuality usually is based on those simple assumptions (heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual). The fact that "heterosexual" and "homosexual" are terms of relatively recent origin, and have been tied more closely to legal issues than anything related to personal perception or identity. The identity (and label) "heterosexual" has, according to Blank, only existed since a. 1845 b. 1869 c. 1921 d. 1944

Q: "Straight: The Surprisingly Short History of Heterosexuality," Hanne Blank Blank draws upon personal experience regarding the topic of being labeled "straight" based upon her own definition, having a male-appearing partner who has Klienfelter's Syndrome, a chromosomal makeup that includes an additional X chromosome. The role that genetics, as well as biology (in the form of being able to reproduce) have been used to define what is male and female are addressed as being non-binary, while our definitions of sexuality usually is based on those simple assumptions (heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual). The fact that "heterosexual" and "homosexual" are terms of relatively recent origin, and have been tied more closely to legal issues than anything related to personal perception or identity. Biologists such as Anne Fausto-Sterling argue that humans have how many major sexes? a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5

Q: "Straight: The Surprisingly Short History of Heterosexuality," Hanne Blank Blank draws upon personal experience regarding the topic of being labeled "straight" based upon her own definition, having a male-appearing partner who has Klienfelter's Syndrome, a chromosomal makeup that includes an additional X chromosome. The role that genetics, as well as biology (in the form of being able to reproduce) have been used to define what is male and female are addressed as being non-binary, while our definitions of sexuality usually is based on those simple assumptions (heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual). The fact that "heterosexual" and "homosexual" are terms of relatively recent origin, and have been tied more closely to legal issues than anything related to personal perception or identity. Klinefelter's syndrome, a genetic anomaly, results in what chromosomal arrangement? a. XY b. XX c. XXY* d. XYY

Q: "The Invention of Heterosexuality," Jonathan Ned KatzThe author documents the history and invention of the term heterosexuality as a means of categorizing sexual relationships. The author emphasizes how sexuality has been closely linked to structural power and the means of production within a society throughout history. He argues that an ahistorical approach to studying sexuality continues to privilege "normal" and "natural" sexual expression.In Sexual Behavior of the Human Male, Kinsey found that:a. homosexual experience is virtually absent within males.b. homosexual experience is rare among young and middle-aged males.c. homosexual experience is more common than was previously thought.d. homosexuality is rare among elderly men.

Q: "The Invention of Heterosexuality," Jonathan Ned Katz The author documents the history and invention of the term heterosexuality as a means of categorizing sexual relationships. The author emphasizes how sexuality has been closely linked to structural power and the means of production within a society throughout history. He argues that an ahistorical approach to studying sexuality continues to privilege "normal" and "natural" sexual expression. Katz refers to the time period when the heterosexual norm went almost unchallenged as: a. the cult of domesticity b. heterosexual hegemony c. hetero/homo duo d. heterosexual mystique

Q: "The Invention of Heterosexuality," Jonathan Ned KatzThe author documents the history and invention of the term heterosexuality as a means of categorizing sexual relationships. The author emphasizes how sexuality has been closely linked to structural power and the means of production within a society throughout history. He argues that an ahistorical approach to studying sexuality continues to privilege "normal" and "natural" sexual expression.Which doctor's conceptualization of heterosexual "offered the modern world a new normthat came to dominate our idea of the sexual universe, helping to change it from a mode of human reproduction...to a mode of pleasure?"a. Dr. Kiernanb. Dr. Ruskc. Dr. Kinseyd. Dr. Krafft-Ebing

Q: "The Invention of Heterosexuality," Jonathan Ned KatzThe author documents the history and invention of the term heterosexuality as a means of categorizing sexual relationships. The author emphasizes how sexuality has been closely linked to structural power and the means of production within a society throughout history. He argues that an ahistorical approach to studying sexuality continues to privilege "normal" and "natural" sexual expression.During 1892-1900, the ideas of heterosexual and homosexual were initially formulated by:a. U.S. doctorsb. British monarchsc. religious authoritiesd. newspaper journalists

Q: "The Invention of Heterosexuality," Jonathan Ned KatzThe author documents the history and invention of the term heterosexuality as a means of categorizing sexual relationships. The author emphasizes how sexuality has been closely linked to structural power and the means of production within a society throughout history. He argues that an ahistorical approach to studying sexuality continues to privilege "normal" and "natural" sexual expression.During the Early Victorian True Love era (1820-1860), the human body was thought of as a means for:a. pleasureb. sensualityc. procreationd. consumption

Q: "The Invention of Heterosexuality," Jonathan Ned KatzThe author documents the history and invention of the term heterosexuality as a means of categorizing sexual relationships. The author emphasizes how sexuality has been closely linked to structural power and the means of production within a society throughout history. He argues that an ahistorical approach to studying sexuality continues to privilege "normal" and "natural" sexual expression.According to Katz, during 1820 to 1860, middle-class White Americans idealized "True Womanhood, True Manhood, and True Love." All were characterized by:a. sensualityb. purityc. productiond. procreation

Q: "The Invention of Heterosexuality," Jonathan Ned Katz The author documents the history and invention of the term heterosexuality as a means of categorizing sexual relationships. The author emphasizes how sexuality has been closely linked to structural power and the means of production within a society throughout history. He argues that an ahistorical approach to studying sexuality continues to privilege "normal" and "natural" sexual expression. According to Katz, the idea of heterosexuality is a modern invention, dating to the ______ century. a. early 16th b. late 17th c. early 18th d. late 19th

Q: ""Dude, You"re a Fag:" Adolescent Masculinity and the Fag Discourse," C. J. Pascoe Pascoe examines the relationship of the use of the epithet "fag" amongst boys in an American high school. Contrary to the often cited argument that the term has nothing specifically to do with sexuality (and therefore homophobia in general), Pascoe discusses how the use of term as a synonym for "stupid", and as an insult for males who are not meeting the perceptions of what sound be considered masculinity, further perpetuates homophobia. The double standard present in the perception of gay males (negative) and lesbians (neutral to positive) is examined, as well as the gender specific use of the slur. The racial nature is also examined, as it was used far more often amongst White male students compared to African Americans. In the study of River High, the word "fag" was found to be most often synonymous with a. homosexual b. stupid c. lazy d. none of these choices are correct

Q: ""Dude, You"re a Fag:" Adolescent Masculinity and the Fag Discourse," C. J. Pascoe Pascoe examines the relationship of the use of the epithet "fag" amongst boys in an American high school. Contrary to the often cited argument that the term has nothing specifically to do with sexuality (and therefore homophobia in general), Pascoe discusses how the use of term as a synonym for "stupid", and as an insult for males who are not meeting the perceptions of what sound be considered masculinity, further perpetuates homophobia. The double standard present in the perception of gay males (negative) and lesbians (neutral to positive) is examined, as well as the gender specific use of the slur. The racial nature is also examined, as it was used far more often amongst White male students compared to African Americans. Studies of adolescents by Pascoe found that largely a. gay males and lesbians were looked at equally negatively b. lesbians were looked at more positively c. lesbians were looked at more negatively d. both were looked at equally positively

Q: "The Prison and the Closet," Patricia Hill Collins Patricia Hill Collins considers the intersecting relationship between racism and heterosexism. She argues that the assumption that these two hegemonic ideologies represent separate systems of oppression obscures the fact that racism and sexism rely upon each other for meaning. Without sacrificing the acknowledgement of differences in the way that racism and heterosexism manifest, the author shows that the two systems converge and that both systems affect the everyday lives of all people. West claims that LGBT people carry the stigma of ____________________. a. asexuality b. AIDS c. rejecting heterosexuality d. childlessness

Q: "The Prison and the Closet," Patricia Hill Collins Patricia Hill Collins considers the intersecting relationship between racism and heterosexism. She argues that the assumption that these two hegemonic ideologies represent separate systems of oppression obscures the fact that racism and sexism rely upon each other for meaning. Without sacrificing the acknowledgement of differences in the way that racism and heterosexism manifest, the author shows that the two systems converge and that both systems affect the everyday lives of all people. Contemporary social welfare policies remain preoccupied with: a. Black men's sexual freedom b. Black women's fertility c. profits for private companies where recipients shop for necessities d. fairness for Black families in poverty

Q: "The Prison and the Closet," Patricia Hill CollinsPatricia Hill Collins considers the intersecting relationship between racism and heterosexism. She argues that the assumption that these two hegemonic ideologies represent separate systems of oppression obscures the fact that racism and sexism rely upon each other for meaning. Without sacrificing the acknowledgement of differences in the way that racism and heterosexism manifest, the author shows that the two systems converge and that both systems affect the everyday lives of all people.Racism and sexism use a common cognitive framework called ________________ thinking.a. prejudicedb. discriminatoryc. opposites attractd. binary

Q: "The Prison and the Closet," Patricia Hill CollinsPatricia Hill Collins considers the intersecting relationship between racism and heterosexism. She argues that the assumption that these two hegemonic ideologies represent separate systems of oppression obscures the fact that racism and sexism rely upon each other for meaning. Without sacrificing the acknowledgement of differences in the way that racism and heterosexism manifest, the author shows that the two systems converge and that both systems affect the everyday lives of all people.According to Patricia Hill Collins, if marriage were in fact a natural and normal occurrence between heterosexual couples and if it occurred naturally within racial categories there would be no need to_____________________ it.a. allowb. regulatec. discussd. allow divorces from

Q: "The Prison and the Closet," Patricia Hill Collins Patricia Hill Collins considers the intersecting relationship between racism and heterosexism. She argues that the assumption that these two hegemonic ideologies represent separate systems of oppression obscures the fact that racism and sexism rely upon each other for meaning. Without sacrificing the acknowledgement of differences in the way that racism and heterosexism manifest, the author shows that the two systems converge and that both systems affect the everyday lives of all people. Racism and heterosexism use similar mechanisms to maintain: a. racial and sexual hierarchies b. race and class hierarchies c. discrimination in education d. prejudice

Q: "The Prison and the Closet," Patricia Hill Collins Patricia Hill Collins considers the intersecting relationship between racism and heterosexism. She argues that the assumption that these two hegemonic ideologies represent separate systems of oppression obscures the fact that racism and sexism rely upon each other for meaning. Without sacrificing the acknowledgement of differences in the way that racism and heterosexism manifest, the author shows that the two systems converge and that both systems affect the everyday lives of all people. Ignoring the heterosexism that underpins Black patriarchy hinders the development of: a. conservative political campaigns b. progressive political parties c. a progressive Black sexual politics d. patriarchy itself.

Q: "The Prison and the Closet," Patricia Hill Collins Patricia Hill Collins considers the intersecting relationship between racism and heterosexism. She argues that the assumption that these two hegemonic ideologies represent separate systems of oppression obscures the fact that racism and sexism rely upon each other for meaning. Without sacrificing the acknowledgement of differences in the way that racism and heterosexism manifest, the author shows that the two systems converge and that both systems affect the everyday lives of all people. According to Patricia Hill Collins, racism and heterosexism: a. constitute two separate systems of oppression b. are independent concerns c. rely upon one another for meaning d. are unrelated.

Q: "The Prison and the Closet," Patricia Hill CollinsPatricia Hill Collins considers the intersecting relationship between racism and heterosexism. She argues that the assumption that these two hegemonic ideologies represent separate systems of oppression obscures the fact that racism and sexism rely upon each other for meaning. Without sacrificing the acknowledgement of differences in the way that racism and heterosexism manifest, the author shows that the two systems converge and that both systems affect the everyday lives of all people.The sexual exploitation of women has been a basic ingredient of _____________, according to the authors:a. sexismb. prisonsc. closetsd. racism

Q: "The Prison and the Closet," Patricia Hill CollinsPatricia Hill Collins considers the intersecting relationship between racism and heterosexism. She argues that the assumption that these two hegemonic ideologies represent separate systems of oppression obscures the fact that racism and sexism rely upon each other for meaning. Without sacrificing the acknowledgement of differences in the way that racism and heterosexism manifest, the author shows that the two systems converge and that both systems affect the everyday lives of all people.Colonial regimes routinely manipulated ideas about ________________ in order to maintain unjust power relations:a. raceb. sexualityc. genderd. democracy

Q: The Gendered Rice Bowl: The Sexual Politics of Service Work in Urban China", Amy Hanser. Hanser examines the shifts in perception of femininity that have occurred in China during the country's transition from socialism to its current, more capitalistic stage. At first she discusses the ways in which young women were portrayed as strong (physically and mentally) and part of the agricultural labor force that would drive socialism, and the associated egalitarianism. Now, however, the ideal of femininity is that of the fashion model, with middle-aged women seen as a symbol of a distant and dated past. The sexualization of women was seen via two participant observation experiences, one at a state-owned clothing store and the other a more upscale, privately owned business. The former had a more middle aged staff, with proficiency and experience being the benchmarks of success. The latter, however, emphasized a sexualized presentation from youthful sales clerks. These women, however, were seen by the older employees as being of lower social class and having less ability as workers. The overall conclusion was centered on how inequality was perpetrated and enforced by these differing approaches. Employer-based sexualization of women's bodies was most prevalent in retail stores that were _____ in China. a. privately run b. state run c. neither of these choices are correct d. both of these choices are correct

Q: The Gendered Rice Bowl: The Sexual Politics of Service Work in Urban China", Amy Hanser. Hanser examines the shifts in perception of femininity that have occurred in China during the country's transition from socialism to its current, more capitalistic stage. At first she discusses the ways in which young women were portrayed as strong (physically and mentally) and part of the agricultural labor force that would drive socialism, and the associated egalitarianism. Now, however, the ideal of femininity is that of the fashion model, with middle-aged women seen as a symbol of a distant and dated past. The sexualization of women was seen via two participant observation experiences, one at a state-owned clothing store and the other a more upscale, privately owned business. The former had a more middle aged staff, with proficiency and experience being the benchmarks of success. The latter, however, emphasized a sexualized presentation from youthful sales clerks. These women, however, were seen by the older employees as being of lower social class and having less ability as workers. The overall conclusion was centered on how inequality was perpetrated and enforced by these differing approaches. Service industry work is theorized by Hanser to separate women largely based on a. appearance b. social class c. education d. wealth

Q: The Gendered Rice Bowl: The Sexual Politics of Service Work in Urban China", Amy Hanser. Hanser examines the shifts in perception of femininity that have occurred in China during the country's transition from socialism to its current, more capitalistic stage. At first she discusses the ways in which young women were portrayed as strong (physically and mentally) and part of the agricultural labor force that would drive socialism, and the associated egalitarianism. Now, however, the ideal of femininity is that of the fashion model, with middle-aged women seen as a symbol of a distant and dated past. The sexualization of women was seen via two participant observation experiences, one at a state-owned clothing store and the other a more upscale, privately owned business. The former had a more middle aged staff, with proficiency and experience being the benchmarks of success. The latter, however, emphasized a sexualized presentation from youthful sales clerks. These women, however, were seen by the older employees as being of lower social class and having less ability as workers. The overall conclusion was centered on how inequality was perpetrated and enforced by these differing approaches. According to Hanser, a woman who is admired for her work is most likely to be a(n) Agricultural worker a. Lawyer b. Mother c. Fashion model d. Agricultural worker

Q: Keep Your "N" in Check: African American Women and the Interactive Effects of Etiquette and Emotional Labor", Marlese Durr and Adia M. Harvey Wingfield Durr and Harvey Wingfield first begin with an examination of negative perceptions of Michelle Obama, and how the stereotype of the "angry Black woman" reinforces a lack of femininity and self worth. This is then extrapolated to experiences of Black women in the modern office workplace, and the role they have been forced into as a side effect of affirmative action policies. The authors discuss the need for a specific form of presentation, titled emotional labor, as a way in which they must present specifically in a largely passive manner. The focus then is to appear as quiet and non-intrusive as possible, leaving them without any identity of their own and undermining the superficial push for diversity that many organizations are highly focused upon. Most of the Black women interviewed about their workplace reported that they were discouraged from a. Speaking their mind b. Avoiding conversations c. Not participating in meetings d. all of these choices are correct

Q: Keep Your "N" in Check: African American Women and the Interactive Effects of Etiquette and Emotional Labor", Marlese Durr and Adia M. Harvey Wingfield Durr and Harvey Wingfield first begin with an examination of negative perceptions of Michelle Obama, and how the stereotype of the "angry Black woman" reinforces a lack of femininity and self worth. This is then extrapolated to experiences of Black women in the modern office workplace, and the role they have been forced into as a side effect of affirmative action policies. The authors discuss the need for a specific form of presentation, titled emotional labor, as a way in which they must present specifically in a largely passive manner. The focus then is to appear as quiet and non-intrusive as possible, leaving them without any identity of their own and undermining the superficial push for diversity that many organizations are highly focused upon. The ways Black women in the workplace had to engage in self-presentation was closely tied to the fact they were working in largely ________________ roles. a. supervisory b. administrative c. support d. executive