Q&A Hero

Q: Girish is a husband, a son, an entrepreneur, and an amateur ornithologist. A sociologist would say that these statuses or positions make up Girish's a. role. b. social class. c. status set. d. culture.

Q: A billionaire and a person living on the street share a. the same social class. b. comparable status. c. the influence of social class on their lives. d. a comparable level of privilege.

Q: Social class is based on a. income, education, and occupational prestige. b. birth. c. marriage. d. religion.

Q: The _____ framework that determines what kind of people we become is culture. a. biological b. narrowest c. only d. broadest

Q: Culture has a(n) _____ effect on people's lives. a. profound b. moderate c. occasional d. no

Q: People learn behaviors and attitudes according to their _____ the social structure. a. attitude toward b. willingness to be part of c. location in d. number of friends within

Q: Are street people influenced by a social structure? a. No. b. Yes. c. Only in scattered instances d. The research is unclear.

Q: What is the sociological significance of social structure? a. It guides our behavior. b. Understanding it helps to prove the randomness of human behavior. c. It is a synonym for the term sociology. d. Our behavior guides it.

Q: The typical patterns of a group of students and teachers, or of men and women, was laid out before they were born. This pattern is known as a. behavior. b. ordination. c. social structure. d. classical structure.

Q: Richard had lived on the street for almost a year. His days were busy with doing things necessary to survive at a basic level"finding shelter, keeping safe, panhandling for money, getting food and drink, washing, and finding dry clothes. Richard knew that he did not have many chances. A _____ would stress that Richard is located at the bottom of the U.S. social class system, and that his low status means that most opportunities are closed to him. a. microsociologist b. symbolic interactionist c. research sociologist d. conflict theorist

Q: Microsociology is (was) the main focus of a. sociologists in the past. b. symbolic interactionists. c. all sociologists. d. conflict theorists.

Q: In _____, the focus is on social interaction. a. microsociology b. behavioral sociology c. macrosociology d. order theory

Q: _____ is the level of analysis that sociologists use to focus on the broad features of society. a. Interactional sociology b. Macrosociology c. Chaos theory d. Microsociology

Q: Why are both macrosociology and microsociology necessary to understand social life?

Q: What does it mean to say that we become the roles that we play?

Q: Are we prisoners of socialization? Why, or why not?

Q: How do our parents do most of their gender teaching?

Q: What are the three elements of the looking-glass self?

Q: Charles Cooley summarized his idea of the looking-glass self in a rhymed couplet. What was the couplet?

Q: How does society make us human?

Q: _____ factors influence our life course. a. Few external b. Social c. Only biological d. No individual

Q: The later older yearsa. are reached by everyone.b. remain an abstract concept.c. are really part of late middle age.d. end the same for everyone who enters that stage.

Q: The later older years begin at about age a. 50.. b. 65. c. 75. d. 9.5.

Q: A new life stage that seems to be evolving is the _____ years. a. transitional childhood b. early middle c. transitional middle d. transitional older

Q: A fundamental shift in thinkingfrom the time since our birth to the time we have left to liveoccurs in a. adolescence. b. adultolescence. c. the later middle years. d. the later older years.

Q: Ages 30. to 49.. in the life course are known as the _____ years. a. early middle b. middle c. later middle d. transitional older

Q: Transitional adulthood covers agesa. 14.-17..b. 16.-18..c. 17.-25..d. 18.-29...

Q: Adolescence is a(n) a. natural age division. b. ancient invention. c. social invention. d. obsolete age distinction.

Q: Childhood really is a. not much more than biology. b. a defined sequence of events independent of history. c. socially universal. d. more than biology.

Q: A significant sociological point about the life course is that it a. is the same for rich and poor. b. affects your behavior and orientations. c. is unaffected by gender. d. has no impact on your behavior and orientations.

Q: A total institution leaves an indelible mark on a person's self. The mark can be imposed quickly or in a more prolonged process. In _____, the process is brutal and prolonged. a. prison b. boot camp c. a convent d. a conventional school

Q: . An attempt to remake the self by stripping away an individual's current identity and stamping a new one in its place is a. a graduation ceremony. b. a degradation ceremony. c. "bring your child to work" day. d. repeating a grade in school.

Q: An example of a total institution is a a. school. b. family. c. law firm. d. prison.

Q: _____ refers to learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors to match a new situation in life. a. Conflicting socialization b. Pseudo-socialization c. Anticipatory socialization d. Resocialization

Q: When you learn to play a role before entering it, this is known as a. sink or swim. b. disengagement. c. anticipatory socialization. d. resocialization.

Q: Sociological research has found that children from poor neighborhoods are _____ to get in difficulty with the law, and that parenting is _____ in the poor neighborhoods. a. less likely; easier b. less likely; more difficult c. more likely; more difficult d. more likely; easier

Q: Bill heard, as part of the _____ curriculum in his school, that certain races were not as good as others, and that coolness was the key to everything. a. hidden b. corridor c. universal d. manifest

Q: Alfonzo was in sixth grade. Some of the stories that his teachers told when teaching English, history, and math included lessons in patriotism and honesty, which were part of the school's a. hidden curriculum. b. explicit curriculum. c. corridor curriculum. d. manifest function.

Q: Unintended consequences of schools, or _____ functions, help the social system. a. manifest b. latent c. explicit curricular d. formal curricular

Q: The manifest function of formal education refers to a. education's unintended consequences. b. the hidden curriculum. c. the corridor curriculum. d. education's intended purpose.

Q: Concerning the effects of day care, researchers have found that a. children who have gone to day care have stronger bonds with their mothers. b. we may be producing a generation of smart but mean children. c. children with a background in day care are less disruptive when they reach kindergarten. d. Children who have been in day care score lower on language tests.

Q: In the United States, religion is important toa. virtually everyone.b. only people who define themselves as religious.c. everyone but the nonreligious.d. people other than immigrants and minorities.

Q: To keep their children in line, sociologist Melvin Kohn found that _____ parents tend to use physical punishment. a. upper class b. all c. middle class d. working class

Q: Individuals and groups that influence our orientations to life are called a. the looking-glass crowd. b. agents of socialization. c. the ego. d. nature.

Q: Which of the following statements about video games is true? a. Most are designed by women. b. Most people who play video games are women. c. Females are more underrepresented in video games than on television. d. Video games are regarded as sports by most colleges.

Q: The dilemma presented to women by _____ is that a model is thrust before them that is almost impossible to replicate in real life. a. the church b. mass media c. video games d. parents

Q: Individuals of roughly the same age who are linked by common interests make up a a. peer group. b. society. c. gender. d. transgendered group.

Q: The sworn virgins of Albania are treated by people in their society as a. women. b. beings without gender. c. clergy. d. men.

Q: Little Jo got dolls and jewelry for presents. Her brother, Joe, got action figures and toy guns. Such a division in toys and play give children _____ lessons. a. biological b. ethical c. gender d. gender-neutral

Q: Learning the gender map is known as a. socialization out of gender. b. gender socialization. c. the preconventional stage. d. cultural imposition.

Q: One of the emotions identified by Paul Ekman is a. surprise. b. certainty. c. love. d. confusion.

Q: . In Kohlberg's theory, children in the _____ stage focus on personal needs to be satisfied and recognize no right and wrong. a. id b. preconventional c. postconventional d. amoral

Q: According to Lawrence Kohlberg, when children have learned the rules and follow them in order to stay out of trouble, children are in the _____ stage. a. preconventional b. amoral c. conventional d. complicit

Q: In Freud's terms, culture within us is represented by the a. alter ego. b. super-id. c. psychosis. d. superego.

Q: The _____, as viewed by Freud, is the balancing force in our personality. a. id b. ego c. superego d. conscience

Q: In Freud's psychoanalysis, the _____ causes us to seek self-gratification. a. id b. ego c. superego d. instinctual drive

Q: Psychoanalysis was developed by a. Margaret and Harry Harlow. b. Lawrence Kohlberg. c. Sigmund Freud. d. Charles Horton Cooley.

Q: The first of Piaget's developmental stages is the _____ stage. a. preoperational b. sensorimotor c. concrete operational d. formal operational

Q: _____ studied the natural process that children go through to develop their ability to reason. a. Piaget b. Cooley c. Flavel d. Mead

Q: The term generalized other refers to a. our ideal of a person. b. our perception of how people in general think of us. c. role models. d. the certainty that no one likes us.

Q: Mead stressed that we cannot think without _____, and that _____ gives us our symbols (language). a. society; reading b. symbols; reading c. symbols; society d. society; instinct

Q: George Herbert Mead was a(n) a. symbolic interactionist. b. conflict theorist. c. feral child. d. economist.

Q: When is the development of self-concept finished? a. Childhood b. Adolescence c. Middle adulthood d. Never

Q: The term _____ was coined by Charles Cooley. a. looking-glass self b. a stitch in time c. significant other d. precocious child

Q: The Harlows took baby monkeys away from their mothers to live alone, frightened them, and observed that the babies clung to terrycloth fake mothers rather than wire fake mothers. The experiment intended to prove what might already have been obviousthat infants need to be a. frightened. b. experimental subjects. c. cuddled. d. intimately familiar with fear.

Q: After several years of foster care, children in the study in Bucharest (discussed in the text) had _____ brain cells than children who stayed in the orphanage. a. more b. fewer c. smaller d. different-shaped

Q: Apparently, having a reasonable level of _____ depends on early, close relations with other people. a. artistic ability b. intelligence c. health d. physical coordination

Q: Isolated children require _____ to develop. a. parents b. siblings c. solitary time d. language

Q: _____ intrigue sociological researchers, particularly those separated at birth. a. Quadruplets b. Feral children c. Twins d. Laboratory animals

Q: According to reports of _____ children, they walked on all fours, growled, and showed no sensitivity to cold. a. prehistoric b. feral c. isolated d. institutionalized

Q: What is the sociological significance of technology?

Q: Identify the five interrelated core values that are emerging as a value cluster in the Unit.ed States today.

Q: List at least five core values of U.S. society.

Q: Give at least three effects of language on human life.

Q: What are the positive and negative sides of ethnocentrism?

Q: It would be fair to say that in the cultural leveling process taking place today a. traditional cultures have all but disappeared. b. something vital is lost forever. c. sociobiology is at work. d. we are producing a more distinctive, less bland way of life.

Q: In cultural leveling a. cultures become more and more dissimilar to one another. b. the least advanced culture dominates. c. culture is leveled or destroyed, as in a blast. d. cultures become more and more similar to one another.

Q: What is smart clothing? a. Science fiction b. Fashionable clothing c. Clothing incorporating invisible computing items d. An extension of Google Glass

Q: How is our nine-month school year a living example of a culture lag? a. Material culture never caught up with nonmaterial culture. b. The length of the school year was determined by the farming culture of the late 1800s. c. The school year was not lengthened to nine months until the mid-1900s. d. The length of the school year was based on one-room schools, which have all but vanished.

Q: When there is culture change, a group's _____ usually changes first. a. material culture b. sociobiology c. nonmaterial culture d. counterculture