Q&A Hero

Q: Apple argues that the educational agendas of conservatives and liberals are similar. a. True b. False

Q: According to Apple, the educational policy of progressives should take the standpoint of those with the least power. a. True b. False

Q: Students with parents that have both low and high SES tend to suffer "summer setback" the same. a. True b. False

Q: Darling-Hammond argues that schools need to do more to develop the professional capacity of teachers. a. True b. False

Q: Darling-Hammond believes that charter schools are sufficient in and of themselves to provide the innovation we need in the organization of our schools. a. True b. False

Q: Charter schools are always held accountable for their performance. a. True b. False

Q: Charter schools are among most rapidly growing educational institutions in the U.S. a. True b. False

Q: According to Holland, schools that are racially balanced have the best chances to be completely desegregated. a. True b. False

Q: Minority males typically are able to socially integrate easier than minority females. a. True b. False

Q: Desegregation efforts were largely a result of decisions by the courts. a. True b. False

Q: American public schools have become more segregated. a. True b. False

Q: Apple argues that conservatives are effective in putting in place their educational agenda because they: a. Tap the reality of people's daily lives b. Market their ideas better c. Give people hope d. All of the above e. None of the above

Q: According to Apple, conservatives are more likely to favor programs focused on a. Parental leave b. Increased use of testing c. Desegregation d. All of the above e. None of the above

Q: A study by Heyns found that: a. African Americans were more likely to suffer achievement gaps b. Achievement gaps are more pronounced at the start of a student's academic career c. Achievement gaps are worse in schools that receive fewer tax dollars d. All of the above e. None of the above

Q: According to a calculation down by Downey and Gibbs, the average student has spent _____ of their waking hours in school over the course of the first 18 years of their life. a. 7% b. 13% c. 15% d. 27% e. None of the above

Q: According to Downey and Gibbs, a student's academic achievement is closely tied with: a. Their school's location b. The experience level of their teachers c. Their parents socioeconomic status d. All of the above e. None of the above

Q: Which is not a school policy that Holland mentioned that increases racial segregation within a school? a. Tracking b. Ability Grouping c. Athletics d. None of the above

Q: Darling-Hammond's image an alternative system for creating successful schools involves a. Racial inequality b. Desegregation c. More evaluation/testing of students d. Professional accountability e. None of the above

Q: Historically, which factor has been a cause of white flight? a. Racial inequality b. Racial identity c. Racial integration d. Racial domination e. None of the above

Q: One rationale for charter schools is that: a. The traditional system of education is effective b. The traditional system of education is flexible c. The traditional system of education is inaccessible d. The traditional system of education is ineffective. e. None of the above

Q: Charter schools differ from public schools in that they are developed and managed by: a. Government officials b. Parents, community members, or teachers c. Teachers and students d. Religious groups e. None of the above

Q: According to Holland, why are black males more likely to date white females than black females are to date white males? a. Black males were rated to be more attractive to white students than black females b. Black males were more likely to have reputations of sexual prowess c. Black males typically had much high social status than black females due to involvement in sports and hip-hop music culture. d. All of the above e. None of the above

Q: VDP stands for: a. Vocational Diploma Program b. Voluntary Desegregation Program c. Veterans for Decision and Policy d. None of the above

Q: According to Holland, social status among students is affected by: a. Parent's socioeconomic status b. A student's athletic ability c. A student's personality d. All of the above e. None of the above

Q: Which Supreme Court case decision was heralded for the successful integration of schools in one district: a. Brown v. Board of Education b. Plessey v. Ferguson c. Roe v. Wade d. Charlotte vs. Mecklenburg Board of Education e. None of the above

Q: In the 1980s, the emphasis shifted from a focus on desegregation to one of _______________. a. Achievement b. Charter schools c. Equality d. Mobility e. None of the above

Q: _____________ efforts have historically focused on integrating Black and White students. a. Segregation b. Desegregation c. Resegregation d. None of the above

Q: Using the Apple article, describe the role of politics in reforms targeted toward equity and equality in education.

Q: What three factors do you think are most important to address if your goal was creating quality education for all children?

Q: Imagine yourself in a position of power, what reforms would you enact to insure equality and equity in education?

Q: Make a case for and against charter schools.

Q: Describe in detail two efforts designed to make equality and equity in education, including a discussion of why they failed.

Q: How did desegregation impact White students relative to Black students?

Q: Describe the history of desegregation and explain why these efforts failed.

Q: Mickelson reported that males do better than females on SAT tests. a. True b. False

Q: Mickelson finds that males from higher social class backgrounds do just as well as females in terms of academic achievement. a. True b. False

Q: Academic achievement of Blacks is more likely to be influenced by the racial composition of the school/community than is academic achievement for Whites. a. True b. False

Q: According to Persell, Black students value education at least as much as White students. a. True b. False

Q: Students in the Texas high school studied by Morris used "rutter" as a positive identity and "redneck" as a negative identity. a. True b. False

Q: Schools always serve to level class differences by offering structured activity participation that are tied to individual schools. a. True b. False

Q: Outside of school, working-class children are more likely to be engaged in religious based activities than their middle-class peers. a. True b. False

Q: Middle-class parents like to have their children engage in activities because of the future opportunities that it could give to them. a. True b. False

Q: According to Ferrare, a typical contemporary high school in the United States will unequally distribute students into curricular positions that are associated with gender. a. True b. False

Q: Studies have found that immigrant students typically have lower educational outcomes than native born students. a. True b. False

Q: Minorities often attend different schools than majorities. a. True b. False

Q: One of the reasons Mickelson gives for why boys don't do as well in schools as girls is: a. Females attend better schools b. Females are socialized to believe they are smarter c. Males get better jobs and higher pay regardless of how well they do in school d. Males are more focused on sexuality and competition than females e. None of the above

Q: Which is NOT an explanation used by Mickelson for the gender gap in education? a. Labor discrimination no longer exists b. Women are not as educated as men c. Women expect returns on schooling from spouse's occupational success d. Women are socialized to respond to external validation e. All of the above

Q: According to Mickelson, males continue to outnumber women in ___________ programs. a. English b. Nursing c. Engineering d. Sociology e. None of the above

Q: Tracking and ability grouping influences students' exposure to the: a. Formal curriculum b. Hidden curriculum c. Informal curriculum d. Vertical curriculum e. None of the above

Q: As described in the Persell article, Hernstein and Murray's Bell Curve provides an argument in support of __________ explanations for racial inequality in education. a. Genetic b. Structural c. Cultural d. Economic e. None of the above

Q: Which of the following is NOT an explanation of racial inequality in educational achievement as described by Persell? a. Political explanations b. Genetic explanations c. Structural explanations d. Cultural explanations e. None of the above

Q: Morris in the article "Rednecks, Rutters and Rithmetic," felt hegemonic masculinity was related to: a. Academic nonchalance b. Physical toughness c. School engagement d. Academic achievement e. None of the above

Q: Bennett, Lutz, Jayaram found that: a. Working-class students are more likely to be involved in religious activities b. Middle-class students are more likely to be involved in hobby activities c. Middle-class students are far less likely to be involved in youth development activities d. All of the above e. None of the above

Q: What is not a reason that middle-class parents gave when asked why they support their children in structured activities: a. Their children are interested in the activities b. It helps increase their children's academic skills c. It keeps them safe and out of trouble d. It lets them socialize more with their peers e. None of these

Q: According to Ferrare, patterns of courses taking for courses like art, keyboarding, and music are considered to be: a. Vertically organized b. Horizontally organized c. Vocationally organized d. Organized according to postsecondary trajectories e. None of the above

Q: According to Ferrare, organization of course-taking corresponds to primary divisions of: a. Race b. Gender c. Class d. None of the above e. All of the above

Q: According to Logan, Minda, and Adar, when controlling for all other variables, it's shown that ________ is the greatest indicator of a school's achievement level. a. Poverty level b. Racial Composition c. Location d. A and C only e. None of the above

Q: According to Logan, Minda, and Adar, studies have shown that: a. Black students attend schools with a less experienced teaching staff than do white students. b. Hispanic students attend public schools in which most of the children are below the poverty line. c. The largest central city school are 70% black and Hispanic d. All of the above e. None of the above

Q: Brown vs. the Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas stated that: a. Religion couldn't be practiced in school b. Racially separated schools are inherently unequal c. Parents have the right to homeschool their children d. All of the above e. None of the above

Q: The practice of offering courses at different levels of difficulty within subject area is an example of: a. Between-school inequality b. Within-school inequality c. Horizontal curriculum d. None of the above

Q: Describe what is meant by the two dilemmas Mickelson describes in her article and provide practices or policies that you think can be used to try to resolve one of these dilemmas.

Q: Describe what is meant by the black-white racial gap in education and provide practices or policies that you would recommend to decrease this gap.

Q: What are the limitations of previous explanation of racial inequality in educational outcomes and what does Persell propose instead?

Q: Explain what is meant by the "duality" between students and courses.

Q: Explain why middle-class children participate in more activities outside of school than their working class peers?

Q: What is the difference between "within-school segregation" and "between school segregation"? Give two examples for each.

Q: How is educational tracking related to the selection function of schools?

Q: Why are racially segregated schools still shown to be unequal in student achievement? What accounts for the differences in achievement levels between schools?

Q: Learning facts is more important in humanities courses in the elementary classroom than is learning critical thinking skills. a. True b. False

Q: Linear learning, as described by Wenglinsky, involves learning the basics first before moving on to more complex ideas. a. True b. False

Q: Students who are taught to use higher-order thinking skills do better on NAEP tests than those who were not taught this way. a. True b. False

Q: Tyack suggests that letting parents pick what their children get taught about history may be one way to cope with the demands on history textbooks. a. True b. False

Q: During World War I, textbooks were used to reinforce patriotism. a. True b. False

Q: Objective knowledge should have a greater level of equality of access. a. True b. False

Q: The curriculum taught in public schools is objective knowledge. a. True b. False

Q: Education reform has caused education levels among all classes to increase, and thus is moving toward educational equality a. True b. False

Q: Knowledge is socially constructed by people in power and those with authority. a. True b. False

Q: Ideologies are used to get students to think creatively. a. True b. False

Q: The argument that knowledge is created by those with power and authority is closest to which theoretical perspective studied in chapter 1? a. Functionalist b. Symbolic Interactionist c. Feminist d. Conflict

Q: In __________ at both 4th and 8th grade levels, practices that emphasize critical thinking are associated with higher achievement. a. Civics b. Writing c. Mathematics d. Physical education e. None of the above