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Special Education
Q:
If both parents carry the same trait, the child's gene will be described as
A. heterozygous.
B. homozygous.
C. recessive.
D. dominant.
Q:
Genes carrying the same trait are called
A. heterozygous.
B. homozygous.
C. recessive.
D. dominant.
Q:
How many sex chromosomes are there?
A. 2
B. 23
C. 25
D. 44
Q:
Twenty-two matched pairs of chromosomes are
A. genetics
B. dominant inheritance
C. recessive inheritance
D. autosomes
Q:
How many pairs of chromosomes are there in a cell?
A. 2
B. 23
C. 25
D. 44
Q:
Threadlike bodies containing genes occupying specific loci are
A. teratogens
B. autosomes
C. genes
D. chromosomes
Q:
What is the relationship between Trisomy 21 and Mosaic Down syndrome?
A. both disorders encounter abnormalities on chromosome 21
B. each disorder makes up 50% of Down syndrome cases
C. both disorders are rare among individuals with intellectual disabilities
D. both disorders are a form of Down syndrome
Q:
How can the Human Genome Project address intellectual disabilities?
A. through research on gene mapping and DNA sequencing
B. uniparental disomy
C. meiosis
D. through the study of environmental factors
Q:
The study of heredity and variation is called
A. chromosomes
B. trisomy
C. genes
D. genetics
Q:
A condition characterized by a saclike mass on the spinal cord containing membrane tissue of the central nervous system and cerebrospinal fluid but no spinal nerves on the spinal cord is
A. hydrocephalus
B. phenylketonuria (PKU)
C. fragile X syndrome
D. myelomeningocele
Q:
Neurofibromatosis, the disorder that is characterized by light brown patches on the skin, and fibrous swellings or tumors growing on the nerves producing severe physical deformities affects approximately
A. 1 in 6000 newborns
B. 1 in 3000 newborns
C. 1 in 1000 newborns
D. 1 in 500 newborns
Q:
J. Langdon Down originally ascribed the term mongolism to the condition now known as Down syndrome becauseA. he observed inaccurately that one frequent characteristic of the syndrome was facial similarities to Asians.B. the term mongol means a variety of associated conditions.C. most cases of the syndrome came from the country of Mongolia.D. he considered the term mongoloid less stigmatizing than other terms in use at that time.
Q:
Why are mild cases of intellectual disabilities less likely to have an identifiable cause than severe cases?
A. biological causes are more prevalent among individuals with severe intellectual disabilities and are easier to determine
B. mild mental retardation is usually the result of multiple unspecifiable environmental events
C. a & b
D. none of the above
Q:
Traditionally causes of mental retardation and related developmental disorders have been divided into how many categories?
A. 2
B. 5
C. 7
D. 10
Q:
In what percentage of all cases can the causes of intellectual disabilities be specified?
A. 5%
B. 20%
C. 30%
D. 50%
Q:
Some children of low income, minority households may exhibit symptoms of intellectual disabilities in school without noticeable difficulties in their home environment.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Compensatory education eliminates all intellectual disabilities and associated problems.
a. True
b. False
Q:
According to Edgerton, majority group members are often victims of ethnocentrism.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Edgerton and Sabagh found that for many people with mild intellectual disabilities, being placed in a social structure with others with intellectual disabilities elicited feelings of inferiority.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Victor, the wild boy of Aveyron learned to communicate with spoken words.
a. True
b. False
Q:
In the 1980s, institutions were being accused of furthering their residents' disabilities.
a. True
b. False
Q:
In Skeels' longitudinal study, it was found that children who moved to the more stimulating environment experienced gains in IQ that ranged from 7 to 58 points.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The majority of six-hour retarded children are Hispanic and poor.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The Milwaukee Project was criticized for abandoning the study participants.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Proper nutrition, caring interaction, a responsive language environment, and stimulating surroundings are all required for optimal intellectual development.
a. True
b. False
Q:
When Maria, an individual classified as having intellectual disabilities was released from institutional care, she told people in her community she was in the hospital because of a diagnosis of epilepsy. Maria is most similar to the individuals who participated inA. The Milwaukee ProjectB. Who Are the Retarded?C. Itard's studyD. Edgerton's Cloak of Competence
Q:
To be considered adaptive, a person must understand what is necessary and valuable for life in his or herA. environmentB. ethnic groupC. cultureD. none of the above
Q:
In Edgerton's study, people with intellectual disabilities living in the community exhibited only one common theme: the desire to deny the presence ofA. a deprived childhoodB. a nonstimulating environmentC. mental retardationD. mental illness
Q:
_______ is a world view that is limited by one's own cultural experiences.
A. microcosm
B. sociocosm
C. ethnicity
D. ethnocentrism
Q:
Dunn's article was largely responsible for a movement to abolish
A Head Start
B. institutions for the intellectually disabled
C. special classes
D. housing projects
Q:
Who stated that African Americans scored lower than middle class whites on intelligence tests due to hereditary factors?
A. Mercer
B. Skeels
C. Itard
D. Jensen
Q:
_______ sought to understand what was important for the success of people with intellectual disabilities living in the community.A. The Milwaukee ProjectB. Who Are the Retarded?C. Itard's studyD. Edgerton's Cloak of Competence
Q:
Advocates of full inclusion believe all children should be allowed to participate in _______ classrooms all the time.A. special educationB. regularC. racially integratedD. higher level
Q:
Skeels' study demonstrated that children with normal IQ could become mentally retarded, given a (n)A. economically disadvantaged home lifeB. nonstimulating environmentC. poverty stricken environmentD. all of the above
Q:
The inclusion movement has its roots in the
A. civil rights movement
B. feminist movement
C. both a & b
D. none of the above
Q:
_______ leaned heavily on the idea that achieving the label "mental retardation" was "a destructive, self-fulfilling prophecy."A. MercerB. JensenC. DunnD. Skeels
Q:
_______ intervention is associated with improvements in motivation, basic health, parenting skills, and future placement in integrated settings.A. preschoolB. psychosocialC. communityD. all of the above
Q:
What name is most associated with early intervention research?
A. Mercer
B. Itard
C. Galton
D. Skeels
Q:
If one does not learn to speak in the first ______ years of life, the full ability to speak will not develop.A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 5
Q:
Sarah and Louis are twins who were raised by chimpanzees ever since they were one year old. Since that time they have not had human contact. These children are considered to beA. feral childrenB. cultural-familial childrenC. children of AveyronD. none of the above
Q:
_______ skills are learned largely through social modeling.
A. social
B. adaptive
C. communication
D. cognitive
Q:
Who is considered one of the forefathers of special education?
A. Itard
B. Skeels
C. Mercer
D. Wechsler
Q:
The landmark study which suggested that a single factor IQ should not be used to make placement and diagnostic decisions is calledA. The Milwaukee ProjectB. the "Kallikak" familyC. Who Are the Retarded?D. Arthur Jensen's study
Q:
In the Milwaukee Project study, the information from the assessment indicated that the children who received interventions had IQs that averaged ______ points higher than those who did not receive interventions.A. 50B. 40C. 30D. 20
Q:
The 1969 President's Committee on Mental Retardation report defined the ______ as "children and youth who were identified as being "˜educably mentally retarded" only during their school hours and only during their school lives."A. six-hour retarded childB. feral childrenC. culturally deprivedD. at-risk child
Q:
The most effective compensatory intervention programs begin in
A. adolescence
B. pre-adolescence
C. preschool
D. infancy
Q:
The most famous work on cultural deprivation in the development of mental retardation is calledA. The Milwaukee ProjectB. six-hour retarded childC. The Chicago ProjectD. the cultural deprivation project
Q:
Treatments designed to counteract the effects of poverty are called
A. at-risk interventions
B. The Milwaukee Project
C. Head Start
D. compensatory interventions
Q:
Homes that cannot provide the basic environmental stimulation necessary for optimal child development and generally have low socioeconomic status are calledA. culturally deprivedB. low-income housingC. projectsD. economically disadvantaged
Q:
Who studied the economically disadvantaged "Kallikak" family?
A. Jensen
B. Mercer
C. Skeels
D. Goddard
Q:
_______ have attempted to argue through statistical analyses that the largest part of a person's intelligence, personality, interests and behavior can be traced to a biological disposition.A. behavior geneticistB. biologistsC. psychologistsD. behavior analysts
Q:
Gregory is a fifteen-year-old adolescent male who lives in a low-income neighborhood with his single mother and two siblings. He consistently scores in the borderline range of intellectual disabilities; however, the physicians at the neighborhood clinic have found no known physiological cause for his intellectual disability. Gregory most likely hasA. developmental retardationB. inherited mental retardationC. cultural-familial mental retardationD. metabolic mental retardation
Q:
The ______ movement is probably the most dramatic and tragic example of the nature versus nurture position and its impact on individuals with intellectual disabilities.A. sterilizationB. psychologicalC. civil rightsD. Eugenics
Q:
Dr. Majid is a researcher studying the role DNA plays in determining aggression. Dr. Majid is most likely aA. behavior geneticistB. physiologistC. psychologistD. behavior analyst
Q:
Throughout history people have argued about whether a person's biological makeup as opposed to a person's environment is more responsible for shaping character. This is known as theA. physiological debateB. psychosocial debateC. environmental debateD. nature-nurture debate
Q:
Children with disabilities are abused at higher rates than children without disabilities.
a. True
b. False
Q:
A student is guaranteed rights under IDEA even if he/she cannot benefit from special education.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The Association of Retarded Citizens (ARC) provides assistance to individuals accused of crimes and develops sentencing alternatives for convicted offenders with disabilities.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The U. S. Supreme Court has decided that education is a fundamental right.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Over 100 individuals with intellectual disabilities were executed in the United States from 1976 to 1996.
a. True
b. False
Q:
In June of 2002, the Supreme Court ruled in Atkins v. Virginia that it was cruel and unusual punishment to subject individuals with intellectual disabilities to the death penalty.
a. True
b. False
Q:
When those who commit crimes against individuals who are disabled are prosecuted, they receive harsher sentences in comparison to sentences for crimes committed against those without disabilities.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Individuals with intellectual disabilities who need transplants are frequently denied.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The foremost issues in Armstrong v. Kline were regression and recoupment.
a. True
b. False
Q:
In Hendrick Hudson Central School District v. Rowley, the U. S. Supreme Court decided that a beneficial, not necessarily optimal, educational program should be provided to students with disabilities.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Sobsey (1997) reports that physical and sexual abuse rates are _____ times higher for adults with disabilities than those adults without disabilities.A. 10 to 15 times higherB. 6 to 10 times lowerC. 4 to 10 times higherD. 2 to 4 times lower
Q:
Which case helped make it possible for group homes to have establishment in desirable areas?A. Cleburne Living Center, Inc. v. City of Cleburne TexasB. Mills v. Board of Education of the District of ColumbiaC. Hobson v HansenD. Diana v. State Board of Education
Q:
According to Henderson and Vitello (1988), barriers that interfere with the community living movement for individuals with intellectual disabilities areA. local zoning ordinances, state legislation requiring notification, and restrictive covenants.B. a lack of appropriate recreational facilities and few employment opportunities.C. inappropriate housing and insufficient support from state legislation.D. Housing contracts, and lack of available housing.
Q:
In Youngberg v. Romeo (1982), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that individuals with severe retardation who were involuntarily confined to any state facility had a constitutional right to habilitative services to ensure their safety and freedom from undue restraint. This right is based onA. substantive due processB. equal protectionC. due processD. procedural due process
Q:
In the case of Wyatt vs. Stickney, the constitutional rights of the residents were being violated under theA. 14th amendmentB. 7th amendmentC. 5th amendmentD. 3rd amendment
Q:
Which case was referred to as "the Willowbrook case", since the institution under scrutiny was the Willowbrook State School?A. New York Association for Retarded Children v. RockefellerB. Wyatt v. StickneyC. O"Connor v. DonaldsonD. Halderman v. Pennhurst
Q:
The Wyatt case which began in 1972 finally came to an end in December of
A. 2003
B. 1990
C. 1982
D. 1978
Q:
Which case had a direct impact on the adequacy of services in residential facilities for individuals with intellectual disabilities?A. Armstrong v. KlineB. Wyatt v. StickneyC. O"Connor v. DonaldsonD. Larry P. v. Riles
Q:
"Behavior change in the direction of those skills that cumulatively allow community living is known asA. behavior modificationB. behavior managementC. habilitationD. treatment
Q:
Which law ensures that all students are able to meet high standards in education?
A. the Vocational Rehabilitation Act
B. the Americans with Disabilities Act
C. the No Child Left Behind Act
D. the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
Q:
Daniel is an individual with an intellectual disability who is very capable of entering the community college in his small town. However, the Dean of Academic Affairs has reservations about admitting him into the school because of his disability. Which law is most apt to protect Daniel from this act of discrimination?A. the No Child Left Behind ActB. the Americans with Disabilities ActC. the Individuals with Disabilities Education ActD. the Vocational Rehabilitation Act
Q:
The first important case regarding the extended school year was
A. Armstrong v. Kline
B. Irving Independent School District v. Tatro
C. Cedar Rapids Community School District v. Garret F.
D. Sacramento City Board of Education v. Rachel H.
Q:
The Supreme Court ruled that the term related services only
A. exclude services which must be conducted by a medical doctor.
B. exclude services conducted by outside agencies.
C. include services that directly impact the academic functioning of the child.
D. include services related to school performance.
Q:
The interpretation of the Supreme Court on the intention of P.L 94-142 regarding the level of education to be provided to students has been thatA. programs are required to develop students to their maximum potential.B. programs are not required to develop students to their maximum potential.C. students may not receive special education services once they have continuously failed to accomplish the goals set forth in the IEP.D. students may receive special education services even if they continuously fail to accomplish the goals set forth in the IEP.
Q:
The outcome of W. B. v. Matula resulted in clear changes in theA. exclusion of students who display severe disruptive behaviors.B. methods and procedures used for identifying and placing students in special classes.C. preclusion of plaintiffs seeking monetary damages.D. rights of people with disabilities who are placed in institutional settings.