Q&A Hero

Special Education

Q: Three approaches which can be particularly successful in resolving children's irrational fears include: a. Modeling, desensitization, and resistance training. b. Modeling, desensitization, and self-control training. c. Modeling, resistance training, and self-control training. d. Resistance training, desensitization, and self-control training.
Q: Interventions that focus on changing the individual's social system are best described as: a. Behavioral b. Biological c. Ecological d. Humanistic
Q: Repetitive hand washing to avoid the contraction of AIDS is an example of: a. A compulsion. b. A phobia. c. An obsession.
Q: The biological approach is especially effective when attempting to intervene early and prevent a. Biting in young children b. Bullying in young children c. Noncompliance in young children d. All of the above e. None of the above
Q: An inability to attend to school because of fear of interacting with peers is an example of: a. A compulsion. b. A phobia. c. An obsession.
Q: The psycho-educational model can be conceptualized as a combination of the: a. Biogenic and environmental models b. Biogenic and humanistic models c. Psychodynamic and environmental models d. Psychodynamic and humanistic models
Q: The most effective therapies for addressing OCD are based on: a. Humanistic principles. b. Psychodynamic principles. c. Social learning principles. d. All of the above. e. Only B and C.
Q: One limitation of the biological approach is that: a. Environmental flaws are often difficult to cure and correct b. Epidemiological flaws are often difficult to cure and correct c. Physiological flaws are often difficult to cure and correct d. Psychological flaws are often difficult to cure and correct
Q: Symptoms of PTSD can include: a. Recurrent and intrusive thoughts, images, or dreams. b. Emotional numbing or unresponsiveness. c. Difficulty sleeping or concentrating. d. All of the above. e. Only A and C.
Q: The treatment of EBD should focus upon: a. The development of coping mechanisms b. The reduction of environmental stresses c. The resolution of intrapsychic conflicts d. All of the above e. None of the above
Q: PTSD can be caused by: a. Accidents b. Genetics c. Wars d. All of the above e. Only A and C
Q: Conceptual models can be used to understand: a. Causes of disordered behaviors b. Potential cures for disordered behaviors c. Trajectories of disordered behaviors d. All of the above e. Only A and C
Q: Tics that require intervention involve: a. Only the facial muscles. b. Only the hands. c. The entire head, neck, and shoulders. d. All of the above. e. Only A and B
Q: Using the ecological model, the individual is evaluated according to his or her a. Complex social system b. Dynamic unconscious c. Dynamic conscious d. All of the above e. Only A and B
Q: The most severe variety of tic disorder is: a. Asperger's syndrome. b. Autism. c. Rett's syndrome. d. Tourette's disorder.
Q: In practice, professionals tend to adhere to a single conceptual model.
Q: Tourette's syndrome occurs more frequently in: a. Adults b. Children c. Females d. Males
Q: In a behaviorally based intervention, the teacher attempts to resolve intrapsychic conflict.
Q: Tourette's syndrome often occurs co-morbidly with: a. ADHD b. Asperger's Syndrome c. OCD d. All of the above e. Only A & C
Q: In a behaviorally based intervention, teachers choose a target response.
Q: The symptoms of Tourette's syndrome may become more severe with the experience of: a. Food allergies. b. Loud noises. c. Stress. d. All of the above. e. Only B and C.
Q: The ecological approach stresses rearranging antecedent events and consequences to teach more adaptive behavior.
Q: The most effect treatment for Tourette's syndrome includes: a. Cognitive behavioral therapy. b. Diet therapy. c. Drug therapy. d. All of the above. e. A and C.
Q: Ecological approaches subscribe to the notion that in EBD, the central problem is the behavior itself and that behavior is a function of environmental events.
Q: Children exhibiting selective mutism are: a. Extremely reluctant to speak. b. Unable to acquire normal speech. c. Unable to articulate clearly. d. Unable to talk.
Q: Using a psychoeducational approach, insight is thought to enable behavioral change.
Q: Anorexia occurs with equal prevalence in males and females.
Q: Interventions associated with the biological model include drug therapy.
Q: Enuresis may be diurnal or nocturnal.
Q: Because emotional and behavior disorders are caused by stress, treatment should focus on the development of coping mechanisms.
Q: Children with OCD are often secretive about their rituals.
Q: A conceptual model is a framework for organizing ideas and information about disordered behaviors.
Q: Children typically understand that OCD behavior is excessive and unreasonable.
Q: The way we respond to disordered behavior is linked to what we believe about the nature and causes of human conduct.
Q: Compulsions are actually worries about persistent, intrusive impulses.
Q: A major development in the treatment of children and youths with EBD in the 1960s was a. the development of a variety of conceptual approaches b. legalization of corporal punishment c. the civil rights movement d. the incorporation of constructivist pedagogy into classroom instruction
Q: Obsessions are actually worries about real-life problems.
Q: During the postwar years and into the 1950s, the trend in education for students with disabilities in the United States can best be described as a. inclusionary b. focusing on the demonstration of systematic interventions c. focusing on interventions carried out in the home d. exclusionary
Q: Having fearful children watch movies in which other children are having fun while approaching the feared object without hesitation may reduce fear in the observer.
Q: The syndrome known as autism was first identified in: a. the 1400s b. the 1700s in early colonial America c. the 1880s d. the 1940s
Q: Anxiety is solely a learned behavior.
Q: In the United States during the years 1931 to 1945, services for children and youths with disabilities a. Were limited in the schools because of WWII and the depression b. Exceeded those available at the present c. Excluded students with sensory disabilities such as deafness d. Focused on the treatment of polio because of President Roosevelt's condition
Q: It is plausible that a child could learn to fear dogs by listening to others discuss the dangerousness of dogs.
Q: Two professional organizations important to the education of students with EBD and founded in the early twentieth century were a. Council for Exceptional Children and the American Orthopsychiatric Association b. Council for Exceptional Children and the American Medical Association c. Council for Deviance and the American Orthopsychiatric Association d. Council for Deviance and the American Medical Association
Q: Humans learn fear in a variety of ways.
Q: In the 19th century, psychiatric disorders were attributed to a. Masturbation b. Overwork c. Religious preoccupation d. All of the above e. None of the above
Q: Children with extreme anxiety and social withdrawal have a worse prognosis for adult adjustment than does the child with an externalizing disorder.
Q: Temper tantrums in third grade are inappropriate. Johnny-- a third grader-- will struggle his whole life with these behavioral issues. This interpretation is an example of: a. Developmental optimism b. Fatalism c. Realism
Q: A phobia is considered to be a chronic state of anxiety about a broad range of things.
Q: Temper tantrums are developmentally appropriate. Johnny-- a third grader-- will definitely grow out of this stage. This interpretation is an example of: a. Developmental optimism b. Fatalism c. Realism
Q: Distress, tension, and uneasiness are part of normal development.
Q: In the first half of the 19th century, treatment of individuals with behavior disorders was characterized by a. Optimism and humane care b. Optimism and inhumane care c. Pessimism and humane care d. Pessimism and inhumane care
Q: In abnormal child psychology, comorbidity is the rule and not the exception.
Q: Early identification requires a. Intolerance for deviance b. Labels c. Money d. All of the above e. Only B and C
Q: Externalizing and internalizing problems are mutually exclusive.
Q: An example of developmental optimism is a. The belief the inappropriate behaviors develop and worsen b. The belief that noncompliance is a developmental stage c. The belief that students will outgrow inappropriate behaviors d. All of the above e. Both B and C
Q: Current school-based intervention programs aimed at decreasing sexual activity are: a. Highly Effective. b. Ineffective. c. Moderately Effective. d. Minimally Effective.
Q: Sam, a first grader, is openly and repeatedly noncompliant. His teacher should a. Be concerned as noncompliance can indicate more serious disorders b. Punish Sam's noncompliance while increasing demands made upon him c. Not be concerned as noncompliance is a normal stage of development d. Both A and B e. None of the above
Q: Early sexual activity is of greatest concern due to: a. Risk of pregnancy. b. Risk of contracting disease. c. Societal mores. d. All of the above. e. Only A and B.
Q: Early behaviors considered problematic and likely to escalate to serious levels include a. Chronic disobedience b. Covert behaviors c. Physical fighting d. All of the above e. None of the above
Q: Effective intervention in substance abuse must be designed for the: a. Community. b. Family. c. Individual case. d. Peer group.
Q: Special education continues to grapple with a. Which students should be served b. Where instruction should be offered c. How instruction should be approached d. All of the above e. Special education has resolved the issue of who should be served, where they should be taught, and how instruction should be approached
Q: Effective substance abuse programs are: a. Expensive b. Controversial c. Multifaceted d. All of the above. e. Only A and C.
Q: The full inclusion movement was criticized for a. Advocating individual needs over group needs b. Advocating labels over strengths c. Failing to consider individual needs of students d. Failing to consider the stigma of labels
Q: Gangs are maintained by: a. Bullying. b. Coercion. c. Dysfunctional family systems. d. Perceived external threats.
Q: Behavior modification practiced in the 1960s and 1970s is now better known as a. Applied Behavior Analysis b. Direct Instruction c. Functional Analysis d. Positive Behavioral Support
Q: Most of gang members' time is spent: a. Committing criminal acts. b. Committing violent acts. c. In non-criminal and non-violent acts. d. In drug related activities.
Q: Using an instructional approach to problem behavior, students a. Receive grades for behavior b. Study behavior as a content area c. Take tests on behavior d. All of the above e. None of the above
Q: Effective interventions in delinquency must involve: a. Families. b. Juvenile justice. c. Schools. d. All of the above. e. Only A and C.
Q: Which is true? a. Emphasis on teaching is likely to continue as a trend in special education. b. Instruction is an effective first line of defense against EBD. c. Instructional approaches to problem behavior have been shown effective. d. All of the above. e. None of the above.
Q: Externalizing disorders are: a. Interrelated to each other and to internalizing behaviors. b. More interrelated to each other than to internalizing behaviors. c. More interrelated to internalizing behaviors than to each other. d. Not interrelated.
Q: "Wrap around services" refer to those services that a. Coordinate multiple school based programs b. Coordinate multiple social services c. Coordinate multiple students with disabilities d. Coordinate parents, teachers, and students
Q: Delinquency, substance abuse, ADHD, conduct problems, physical aggression, covert behavior such as lying and manipulation, depressed mood, and shyness are problem behaviors that are: a. Highly related. b. Moderately related. c. Minimally related. d. Not related.
Q: Disordered and delinquent behavior a. Differ in degree b. Differ in subjective ways c. Both a and b d. None of the above
Q: Adolescents with the following characteristics are predicted to have the highest levels of problem behaviors: a. ADHD, lack of guilt, and low achievement. b. ADHD, lack of guilt, and shyness. c. ADHD, shyness, and low achievement. d. Shyness, lack of guilt, and low achievement.
Q: Precursors of violent behavior do not necessarily include a. Aggressive talk b. Bullying c. Dramatic violent acts d. Intimidation
Q: ADHD seems to put adolescents at particularly high risk for: a. Shyness. b. Substance abuse problems. c. Physical aggression d. Vandalism
Q: Precursors of violent behavior include a. Aggressive talk b. Intimidation c. Threats d. All of the above e. Only A and C
Q: Delinquent acts include: a. Underage consumption of alcohol. b. Murder c. Vandalism d. All of the above. e. Only B and C.
Q: At the beginning of the twenty-first century, youth violence is a. Decreasing b. Increasing c. Remaining constant
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