Q&A Hero

Q: David Myers is of the opinion that people who drive SUVs are rash drivers. He feels that people driving SUVs do not respect road rules and always violate traffic regulations. What personal factor is most likely to be affecting Myers' perception of SUV drivers? A) his financial background B) his expectations C) his interest D) his motive E) his personality

Q: When two people witness something at the same time and in the same situation yet interpret it differently, factors that operate to shape their perceptions reside in the ________. A) perceivers B) target C) timing D) context E) situation

Q: Which of the following statements is true regarding perception? A) Perception of reality is independent of one's personality. B) Our perception of a target is not affected by the context of the situation in which the perception is made. C) Our perception of reality can be different from the objective reality. D) Our perception of reality is independent of our past experiences. E) We form a perception of a target by looking at it in isolation.

Q: ________ is the process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment. A) Sensation B) Impression C) Apprehension D) Attribution E) Perception

Q: Describe the five value dimensions of national culture as identified by the Hofstede's framework for assessing cultures.

Q: Discuss John Holland's personality-job fit theory.

Q: Explain characteristics of a proactive personality who is of the investigative type according to Holland's typology.

Q: Discuss with examples terminal values and instrumental values as identified by the Rokeach Value Survey.

Q: Describe the typical characteristics associated with a proactive personality.

Q: Describe the personality trait of self-monitoring.

Q: Describe the personality characteristics of Machiavellianism.

Q: Percy Collins works as a life advisor at an insurance firm and often looks for constant admiration from his manager every time he sells a policy. He also feels that he is the best at his work and no other advisor in his company has the ability or the skills to sell the amount of policies that he can. During meetings and team-building exercises, colleagues often find him rude, distant, and antagonistic. Identify and describe the personality trait exhibited by Collins.

Q: Explain the effect of core self-evaluation on job performance.

Q: Percy Collins works as a life advisor at an insurance firm and often looks for constant admiration from his manager every time he sells a policy. He also feels that he is the best at his work and no other advisor in his company has the ability or the skills to sell the amount of policies that he can. During meetings and team-building exercises, colleagues often find him rude, distant, and antagonistic. What categories according to the Big Five model and other personality traits are Collins most likely to be characterized by?

Q: Michelle Young, who works as a sales manager at a bank, often has to deal with a lot of stress to meet monthly targets for her team. However, irrespective of stressful situations, she manages to handle problems with ease and a smile on her face. Her team members are often surprised at how she deals with such situations with so much confidence. They believe the reason she manages to be such a good role model of handling volatile situations is because she is confident of her capabilities and sees herself as an effective manager. Describe Young's personality in terms of the Big Five model and core self-evaluation.

Q: Compare and contrast the characteristics of extraverts to those of introverts.

Q: Valerie Clark works as a campaigner at the Oceans Protection Foundation in Japan. During campaign implementation activities, she prefers to follow structured processes and ensures her team undertakes activities in an orderly fashion. In addition, she takes responsibility for milestones to be achieved and key project activities. Her colleagues and team members find that they can depend on her for support and guidance and admire her quality of never giving up on a challenge. Explain the categories of personalities Clark would most likely fit into according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and the Big Five model.

Q: Describe conscientiousness and explain how it can predict behavior at work.

Q: Briefly describe the five key traits in the Big Five model.

Q: Describe the personality traits of people who fit into each of the following Myers-Briggs Type Indicator categories: INTJ, ESTJ, and ENTP.

Q: What are the various classifications used in the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) framework?

Q: Does heredity determine a person's personality? Explain.

Q: What are the two main means of measuring personality? Discuss.

Q: According to Hofstede's five value dimensions of national culture, people in a culture with long-term orientation look to the future and value thrift, persistence, and tradition.

Q: According to Hofstede's framework, individualism describes the degree to which people in a country accept that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally.

Q: According to John Holland's personality-job fit theory, individuals belonging to the conventional type prefer ambiguous activities that allow creative expression.

Q: According to John Holland's personality-job fit theory, individuals belonging to the realistic type are disorderly, impractical, and emotional.

Q: Millennials have high expectations, seek meaning in their work, and have life goals oriented toward becoming rich and famous.

Q: An individual's value system is obtained by ranking the person's values in terms of their intensity.

Q: Values contain a judgmental element in which they carry an individual's ideas as to what is right, good, or desirable.

Q: An organization in a dynamic and changing environment that needs employees who can easily change tasks and teams should seek individuals with personalities that fit with the organization's overall culture rather than with a specific task.

Q: Research suggests that personality traits better predict behavior in weak situations than in strong ones.

Q: The degree to which norms, cues, or standards dictate appropriate behavior is known as consistency.

Q: High Mach employees win in the short term, but lose the gains in the long term because they are not well liked.

Q: High Machs do exceptionally well in jobs which are administrative in nature and do not involve face-to-face communication.

Q: People with positive core self-evaluations feel that they are powerless over their environment.

Q: According to the Big Five model, a drawback of introverts is that they tend to be more impulsive than extraverts and engage in risky behavior.

Q: The conscientiousness dimension of the Big Five model captures a person's comfort level with relationships.

Q: According to the Big Five model, the agreeableness dimension refers to an individual's propensity to defer to others.

Q: According to the Big Five model, a person who scores high on the openness to experience dimension is conventional and finds comfort in the familiar.

Q: According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people belonging to the judging type prefer control and like their world to be ordered and structured.

Q: According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator classification, people belonging to the feeling type use reason and logic to solve problems.

Q: As compared to observer-ratings surveys, self-reporting surveys are a better predictor of success on the job.

Q: A drawback of self-report surveys is the level of accuracy.

Q: According to Hofstede's framework, ________ indicates the degree to which people in a country prefer structured over unstructured situations. A) collectivism B) power distance C) long-term orientation D) uncertainty avoidance E) individualism

Q: With reference to the Hofstede's Framework for Assessing Cultures, ________ emphasizes a tight social framework in which people expect others in groups of which they are a part to look after them and protect them. A) uncertainty avoidance B) long-term orientation C) masculinity D) collectivism E) power distance

Q: Alex was sent to Beijing to help local managers solve the problem of growing worker dissatisfaction at their manufacturing facility located in the city. As part of his visit, he decided to have a town hall meeting with the workers to understand the problems that they were facing and the reasons for their discontent. The turnout at the meeting was substantial; however, when asked for their opinions and suggestions, the crowd fell silent. As a result, Alex was unable to determine the reason for employee dissatisfaction. Which of the following, if true, best explains this situation? A) A small portion of the workers at the facility belong to the baby boomers generation. B) There is an unequal distribution of power in the company. C) The employees are genuinely concerned about improving their lot. D) Alex was sent to Beijing as he was one of the few employees who were conversant in the local language. E) On previous occasions, the company has yielded to employee demands.

Q: With reference to the Hofstede's framework, a class or caste system that discourages upward mobility is more likely to exist in a nation that scores ________. A) high on individualism B) low on masculinity C) high on power distance D) low on uncertainty avoidance E) high on long-term orientation

Q: With reference to John Holland's personality-job fit theory, people belonging to the investigating type prefer ________. A) activities that involve helping and developing others B) activities that involve thinking, organizing, and understanding C) physical activities that require skill, strength, and coordination D) ambiguous and imaginative activities that allow creative expression E) activities in which there are opportunities to influence others

Q: With reference to John Holland's personality-job fit theory, people belonging to the ________ type prefer verbal activities in which there are opportunities to influence others and attain powers. A) realistic B) conventional C) artistic D) enterprising E) investigative

Q: Help Aid, a non-profit organization in Indonesia, works at providing education in underdeveloped countries. They are now looking to hire a teacher who can educate children in Namibia and prepare them for jobs which will enable them to sustain themselves. According to Holland's personality-job fit theory, people belonging to which of the following personality types will best suit Help Aid's requirement? A) conventional B) realistic C) enterprising D) artistic E) social

Q: With reference to John Holland's personality-job fit theory, people belonging to the realistic type will be most suitable for the job of a(n) ________. A) economist B) teacher C) mechanic D) lawyer E) biologist

Q: John Holland's personality-job fit theory presents six personality types. Which of the following is one of these six types? A) analytic B) imaginative C) practical D) investigative E) intuitive

Q: Which of the following is true regarding the baby boomer generation? A) They lead lives shaped mainly by globalization. B) They are more questioning and entrepreneurial than other generations. C) They give high importance to achievement and material success. D) They give the highest importance to flexibility and life options. E) They rate highest in friendship and pleasure on the RVS.

Q: Which of the following is an instrumental value according to the Rokeach Value Survey? A) economic success B) social recognition C) personal discipline D) world peace E) meaning in life

Q: Which of the following is a terminal value according to the Rokeach Value Survey? A) personal discipline B) self-reliance C) goal-orientation D) social recognition E) self-improvement

Q: According to the Rokeach Value Survey, ________ values refer to preferable modes of behavior. A) terminal B) critical C) instrumental D) essential E) flexible

Q: According to the Rokeach Value Survey, ________ values refer to desirable end-states. A) essential B) instrumental C) critical D) flexible E) terminal

Q: Milton Rokeach created the Rokeach Value Survey (RVS), which consists of two sets of values, namely ________ values and ________ values. A) instrumental; terminal B) fluid; stable C) flexible; essential D) unique; general E) flexible; enduring

Q: Which of the following is true regarding values? A) They are void of a judgmental element. B) They are invariably fluid and flexible in nature. C) They have content and intensity attributes. D) They never change irrespective of external factors. E) They are always established in a person's later years.

Q: When we rank an individual's values in order of their ________, we obtain the person's value system. A) intensity B) content C) context D) fluidity E) flexibility

Q: Which of the following terms describes basic convictions that "a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite mode of conduct"? A) values B) attitudes C) emotions D) feelings E) traditions

Q: Which of the following, if true, would increase the likelihood that Bryan will be selected? A) Bryan's application was rejected the last time he applied for an international assignment. B) Bryan has trained several employees in the last six months. C) Bryan has had little exposure to Chinese culture. D) Bryan displays striking contradictions between his public persona and his private self. E) Bryan is quite sociable and can "think on his feet."

Q: Which of the following, if true, would reduce the likelihood that Bryan will be selected? A) Bryan has had little exposure to Chinese culture. B) Bryan is proficient in Chinese. C) Bryan traveled to Beijing last year on a different assignment. D) Bryan does not cope very well in ambiguous situations. E) Bryan sometimes displays striking contradictions between his public persona and his private self.

Q: Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding people with proactive personalities? A) They react passively to situations. B) They tend to display their true dispositions and attitudes in every situation. C) They tend to be selfish and exploitive and believe others exist for their benefit. D) They are more likely than others to be seen as leaders. E) They are narcissistic in nature and require constant admiration.

Q: Those with a ________ personality identify opportunities, show initiative, take action, and persevere until meaningful change occurs, compared to others who passively react to situations. A) high self-monitoring B) proactive C) high Mach D) type A E) narcissist

Q: John Hardley recently joined as marketing director of H2O, a water sports gear company. Though in the last five years the company has had a drastic dip in sales, ever since Hardley has joined he has turned the figures around. In addition to revamping the look of the brand, he has initiated several marketing campaigns through broadcast media to increase customer base for the company. Over the past 6 months, Hardley has managed to get the company to an all-time high peak of sales. Which of the following statements best describes Hardley? A) Hardley is a low self-monitor. B) Hardley is a narcissist. C) Hardley scores high in Machiavellianism. D) Hardley has a proactive personality. E) Hardley is a low risk-taking person.

Q: Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen Kate's chances of being selected? A) Kate generally considers herself to be better than her colleagues. B) Kate is a go-getter-she is prepared to go to any length to get ahead. C) Kate has a conventional mindset and focuses on being efficient at her work. D) Kate often conforms to others' ideas and opinions rather than come up with her own. E) Kate is enterprising and adept at interacting with diverse groups of individuals.

Q: Which of the following, if true, would most weaken Kate's chances of being selected? A) Kate is socially inept and tends to display her true disposition and attitude in every situation. B) Kate behaves differently in different situations and occasionally presents striking contradictions between her public persona and her private self. C) Kate has a strong sense of independence and often gets work done without any support from others. D) Kate is often in agreement with others' ideas and opinions. E) Kate is gregarious and comfortable in changing contexts and ambiguous situations.

Q: As compared to high self-monitors, low self-monitors ________. A) tend to be more adaptable to external situations B) pay closer attention to the behavior of others C) have low consistency between personalities and actions D) are less likely to emerge as leaders E) show less commitment to their organizations

Q: Individuals low in self-monitoring ________. A) tend to display their true dispositions and attitudes in every situation B) are pragmatic, maintain emotional distance, and believe ends can justify means C) have a grandiose sense of self-importance, require excessive admiration, and are arrogant D) are easily distracted, disorganized, and unreliable E) tend to dislike themselves and view themselves as powerless over their environment

Q: Individuals scoring ________ have a strong ability to adjust their behavior to external, situational factors and can behave differently in different situations. A) low on openness B) high on narcissism C) low on agreeableness D) high on self-monitoring E) low on conscientiousness

Q: Which of the following is true about narcissists? A) They go out of their way to be helpful to colleagues. B) They have an inferiority complex about themselves. C) They are more likely to emerge as leaders. D) They do not require admiration or importance of people. E) They are meek, timid, and shy in nature.

Q: During an annual review, Michel Godfrey made the following assertion: "When I look at myself and my performance, I see that what I have achieved is outstanding and something no one in the organization has the capacity to undertake. Surprisingly, it has not won me the admiration of my colleagues like it should have. I also believe that I do not just deserve a raise, but need one, since without me, let's face it, the place would simply fall apart."Which of the following personality traits best describes Michel's personality? A) minimalism B) monasticism C) stoicism D) narcissism E) Machiavellianism

Q: ________ refers to the tendency to be arrogant, have a grandiose sense of self-importance, require excessive admiration, and have a sense of entitlement. A) Asceticism B) Stoicism C) Cynicism D) Narcissism E) Machiavellianism

Q: A high Mach would be most productive in which of the following positions? A) a manager who leads team members in different geographic locations B) an executive who has to follow stringent rules while closing a sale C) a legal liaison who works from home and coordinates with people through the phone D) a freelance researcher whose work is free from interpersonal communication E) a sales person whose major part of the salary consists of sales commission

Q: Which of the following personality traits indicates the degree to which a person is unemotional and pragmatic and believes that ends can justify means? A) extraversion B) Machiavellianism C) agreeableness D) self-concordance E) narcissism

Q: Which of the following statements is true about people with positive core self-evaluations? A) They are committed to their goals and set ambitious goals. B) They view themselves as powerless over their environment. C) They tend to question their capabilities and capacities. D) They lack persistence to achieve goals. E) They tend to be disliked by superiors and co-workers.

Q: ________ refers to bottom-line conclusions individuals have about their capabilities, competence, and worth as a person. A) Core self-evaluation B) Authoritarianism C) Self-monitoring D) Machiavellianism E) Agreeableness

Q: People scoring high on the ________ dimension of the Big Five model are more likely to be absent from work and engage in risky behavior than those who score low. A) agreeableness B) conscientiousness C) openness D) extraversion E) emotional stability