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Q:
Employees' beliefs in the degree to which they influence their work environment, their competence, the meaningfulness of their jobs, and their perceived autonomy is termed as ________. A) psychological empowerment B) organizational dissent C) organizational commitment D) employee engagement E) secondary action
Q:
High levels of both job involvement and psychological empowerment are positively related to ________. A) withdrawal behavior B) positivity offset C) organizational citizenship D) emotional contagion E) cognitive dissonance
Q:
Which of the following actions best represents Kelly's high job involvement? A) Kelly always complains about her work to her colleagues. B) Kelly actively takes part in team activities and proactively takes up additional job responsibilities. C) Kelly shares the organization's vision of supporting renewable energy. D) Kelly dislikes the unethical practices followed by her employer. E) Kelly wants to continue working for the organization because many of her college friends are working there.
Q:
Which of the following statements represents a person's job attitude? A) I enjoy my work because it offers me challenges and helps me hone my networking skills. B) I believe my work has a direct impact on the processes of the organization. C) I believe my work performance indicates my caliber and potential. D) I agree with the organization about its commitment to the environment. E) I believe in the organization's objectives about supporting the underprivileged.
Q:
________ refers to a positive feeling about one's job resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics. A) Job satisfaction B) Job design C) Positivity offset D) Constructive dismissal E) Picketing
Q:
Which of the following is most likely to be related to reduced absences and lower resignation rates? A) high job involvement B) high cognitive dissonance C) low psychological empowerment D) low organizational commitment E) high emotional contagion
Q:
Which of the following is true with regard to moderating variables in attitude relationships? A) Attitudes that our memories can easily access are more likely to predict our behavior. B) General attitudes tend to predict particular or specific behaviors. C) Attitudes are less likely to be remembered if frequently expressed or talked about. D) The relationship between an attitude and a behavior is weaker if an attitude involves a direct relation to personal experience. E) Conflicts between attitudes and behavior occur when there are no social pressures.
Q:
With reference to cognitive dissonance, in which of the following situations is the attitude-behavior relationship most likely to be strong? A) The affective component of the attitude is weak. B) The behavior is not affected by the cognitive component of the attitude. C) The attitude does not reflect the person's fundamental values. D) The behavior is affected by external factors and is not entirely under the control of the person. E) The attitude refers to something with which the person has direct experience.
Q:
Kim Anderson works as a campaign manager at an environmental organization in Ottawa. In the past few months, she has noticed that one team member, Janice Kenneth, has shown a lot of potential as the next project lead. However, Anderson heard from the grapevine that Kenneth may be quitting the job. She now needs to know whether she has the intention to lead the campaign in the next few months, which are crucial months for the campaign. Which of the following questions would best help Anderson understand Kenneth's intention toward the project? A) How do you like your job on the whole? B) Do you like the work culture in the organization? C) Do you see yourself working with us in the next 6 months? D) Are you motivated enough to achieve all project milestones? E) Are you happy with your overall job performance?
Q:
Leon Festinger argued that ________ follow(s) ________. A) behavior; attitudes B) emotions; attitude C) attitudes; behavior D) thought processes; moods E) conduct; feelings
Q:
Joseph Pierce is the managing director of Drake Coal Power Plant in North Yorkshire. He knows that coal is a major contributor to climate change and has made his research team study impacts of coal on the environment. After knowing the facts, he faces a high degree of dissonance between his values and behavior. Which of the following is he most likely to do to reduce the dissonance between his belief and behavior? A) get government sanction to build and develop more power plants across the country B) increase revenue by building power plants in developing and underdeveloped countries C) reassure the public that there is no correlation between environment and coal production D) hire more employees to fill positions in new power plant stations E) provide locals benefits to substantiate for the effects of coal power stations
Q:
Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding cognitive dissonance? A) High dissonance is accompanied by high rewards. B) People are less inspired to reduce dissonance when it is within their control. C) People are less likely to reduce dissonance when the behavior is crucial. D) People are more motivated to reduce dissonance when attitudes are important. E) The desire to reduce dissonance is not affected by moods and emotions.
Q:
Anna Jonas owns a manufacturing firm in Indonesia and strongly believes that it is important that workers' rights be respected. However, because of the recent economic meltdown, she makes the management pay workers a wage which is below ethical standards. In addition, the working conditions are below standards because of low investment in safety equipment. She knows her actions are unethical but continues to do so to avoid major losses. Jonas is most likely to be experiencing ________. A) cognitive dissonance B) emotional contagion C) ethical evasion D) self-concordance E) positivity offset
Q:
Which of the following, if true, would weaken the argument that Sonia is experiencing cognitive dissonance? A) She believes that beauty is merely a superficial aspect of one's personality. B) She does not wear makeup as she is aware of the ingredients that go into making these products. C) She recently attended a presentation on the harmful effects of certain chemicals used in cosmetics. D) She believes that research and testing are an integral part of providing consumers with safe products. E) She feels that this field of work does not allow her to utilize her full potential.
Q:
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the argument that Sonia is experiencing cognitive dissonance? A) She believes that cosmetics help boost women's self-confidence. B) She believes that testing products on animals is an unethical practice. C) She majored in pharmacology as part of her master's degree program in college. D) She recently received a positive performance review from her supervisor. E) She is confounded by the fact that the cosmetic industry rakes in almost $7 billion annually.
Q:
Julie recently joined a youth center as a counselor who provides support services for teenage mothers. An important part of her job involves referring pregnant teenagers to abortion clinics, should they decide to avail of such services. This aspect of her work, however, conflicts with her religious beliefs. Her manager, Kyle, is aware of this and expects her to submit her resignation at any time, but Julie continues to carry out her duties in a sincere manner and shows no signs of quitting her job. Which of the following best explains this situation? A) Julie allows her professional life to be dictated by her religious ideals. B) Julie refuses to acknowledge the hard truths of life. C) Julie has accepted that people have the freedom of choice. D) Julie is unable to empathize with the teenagers who visit the youth center. E) Julie does not realize the importance of her work to society.
Q:
Any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes results in ________. A) organizational dissonance B) cognitive dissonance C) attitudinal clarification D) positivity offset E) affective reactance
Q:
Which of the following does cognitive dissonance indicate between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes? A) congruity B) tenacity C) solidarity D) consistency E) incompatibility
Q:
The theory of cognitive dissonance was proposed by ________. A) Abraham Maslow B) Leon Festinger C) Geert Hofstede D) Daryl Bem E) Ivan Petrovich Pavlov
Q:
Sarah Mayer works as a security officer and is in charge of keeping track of who is in the office at any given time. She notices that some employees do not sign out of the office when they go out for meals, which makes it difficult to keep track of attendance of employees. Even though Mayer has repeatedly asked the employees to sign out, they have not followed her advice. She now decides to report the issue to her supervisor. Which of the following components of an attitude is being demonstrated by Mayer? A) affective B) behavioral C) positive D) cognitive E) knowledge
Q:
Which of the following statements is an example of the behavioral component of an attitude? A) I have decided to apply for the position of a campaigner in the climate department. B) I am thrilled to know that the human resource department is looking for a climate campaigner. C) The position of a climate campaigner is challenging and interesting. D) The position of a climate campaigner will allow me to explore my skills as a campaigner. E) I think the position of a climate campaigner involves extensive travel.
Q:
Kimberley Mayfield recently evaluated her subordinate's progress report. She now plans to inform her about the objectives she did not achieve and how she can perform better. By doing this, Mayfield will be demonstrating the ________ component of an attitude. A) cognitive B) affective C) reflective D) behavioral E) reactive
Q:
Janice Hartley works as a writer at a fashion magazine in New York. She was recently asked by her editor to write an article on "10 must-haves for the autumn season." Her editor has now sent back the article saying it is not interesting enough to hold the attention of the reader. Janice is upset and disappointed about the feedback. Which component of an attitude is represented in this scenario? A) positive component B) cognitive component C) affective component D) behavioral component E) evaluative component
Q:
Johanna Rouse feels disheartened because she was not selected for the campaign exchange program in Amsterdam. Which component of an attitude does Rouse's feeling represent? A) cognitive B) affective C) reflective D) behavioral E) reactive
Q:
Which of the following is an example of the affective component of an attitude? A) believing that one achieved all objectives of a project B) relying on the information of a company's annual report C) perceiving whistle-blowing as the right thing to do D) feeling hurt at being unfairly accused of a wrongdoing E) deciding to fire an employee because of underperformance
Q:
Abigail Jones is a sales executive at Orbit Bank in Brussels. She is the best performer on her team and often gets the highest number of corporate accounts for the company. However, she feels that she does not get sufficient credit for her hard work. During lunch, she says to her colleague, "I have been getting the largest accounts for the bank for the past eight months. Yet, my manager never acknowledges the kind of effort I put in to get these accounts." Which component of attitude is being demonstrated by Jones? A) positive component B) cognitive component C) affective component D) behavioral component E) reflective component
Q:
Which of the following statements represents the cognitive component of attitude? A) I have decided to inform my supervisor that I will be quitting my job. B) I intend to work during the weekend to meet the month's deadline. C) I feel upset about having to work during Christmas. D) It is disappointing to know that I did not get a good evaluation. E) This job is not giving me an opportunity to explore my skills.
Q:
The statement, "A person who eats meat and then fights for animal rights demonstrates double standards" is an evaluative statement. Such an opinion constitutes the ________ component of an attitude. A) cognitive B) affective C) reflective D) behavioral E) reactive
Q:
________ refers to evaluative statements or judgments concerning objects, people, or events. A) Attitude B) Behavior C) Appearance D) Demeanor E) Performance
Q:
Explain why affirmative action and attempts to encourage diversity within organizations may be received unfavorably by employees. What can organizations do to minimize unfavorable reactions to policies?
Q:
Discuss the basic components necessary for a workforce program to encourage diversity within the organization.
Q:
Discuss the effects of diversity within a group on group performance.
Q:
Describe some ways by which management can attract, select, and recruit diverse employees in an organization.
Q:
Compare and contrast four different kinds of physical abilities.
Q:
Define any four dimensions of intellectual ability.
Q:
What is the relevance of the various types of intellectual ability for organizational behavior?
Q:
When does an individual's religious belief become an employment issue? Give examples of such instances.
Q:
How does tenure, a biographical characteristic, play a role in the study of organizational behavior?
Q:
What is the significance of "reasonable accommodations" for diversity management in workplaces?
Q:
Explain how studying individuals with disabilities is an integral part of the study of organizational behavior.
Q:
Evaluate the benefits and disadvantages of an older workforce.
Q:
The relationship between age and job performance is likely to be an issue of increasing importance during the next decade. Explain.
Q:
With the help of an example, explain incivility as a form of indiscrimination at workplaces.
Q:
Compare and contrast exclusion and intimidation at workplaces with the help of an example.
Q:
Explain three different kinds of workplace discrimination.
Q:
Compare and contrast unfair discrimination and diversity management.
Q:
Define surface-level diversity and deep-level diversity.
Q:
Explain how surface-level similarity can lead to unfair discrimination. Substantiate your answer with the help of a scenario.
Q:
Explain the play of surface-level similarity and deep-level diversity in a workplace environment with the help of an example.
Q:
List some of the concerns that HR managers are likely to face with a changing workforce.
Q:
Improving recruiting practices and making selection systems more transparent are ways of preventing target groups from being underutilized.
Q:
A diversity program effective in improving representation in management is a strategy to measure the representation of minorities in managerial positions.
Q:
Targeting recruiting messages to specific demographic groups underrepresented in the workforce is an example of unfair discrimination.
Q:
A method of enhancing workforce diversity is to target recruiting messages to specific demographic groups who are underrepresented in the workforce.
Q:
Diversity management refers to being unbiased by overlooking the differences between individuals in an organization.
Q:
Physical abilities may be defined as the capacity to do tasks that demand stamina, dexterity, strength, and similar characteristics.
Q:
There is a strong correlation between intelligence and job satisfaction.
Q:
Memory is not a component of intelligence and is considered as a separate faculty.
Q:
Inductive reasoning is the ability to identify a logical sequence in a problem and then solve the problem.
Q:
Perceptual speed is the ability to imagine how an object would look if its position in space were changed.
Q:
The structures and measures of intellectual abilities generalize across cultures.
Q:
The less complex a job in terms of information-processing demands, the more general intelligence and verbal abilities are necessary to perform successfully.
Q:
Federal law in the United States prohibits discrimination against employees based on sexual orientation.
Q:
A person suffering from alcoholism is not classified as disabled according to the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, as alcoholism is self-induced.
Q:
According to the Americans with Disabilities Act, employers are under no obligation to make accommodations for individuals with physical or mental disabilities.
Q:
Religious discrimination claims have been a shrinking source of discrimination claims in the United States.
Q:
Hispanics can be of any race.
Q:
The U.S. Bureau of the Census does not allow for classification of individuals by race.
Q:
Studies show that satisfaction tends to continually increase among nonprofessionals as they age, whereas it falls among professionals during middle age and then rises again in the later years.
Q:
There has been a significant decrease in the female participation in the workforce over the past 40 years.
Q:
In general, older employees have lower rates of avoidable absence than do younger employees. However, they have equal rates of unavoidable absence, such as sickness absences.
Q:
Older people are more likely to quit and change jobs than younger employees.
Q:
Recent U.S. legislation has instituted mandatory retirement at 70 in order to ensure that jobs are available for younger workers.
Q:
Denying overseas assignments to certain deserving employees over others is a form of exclusion, a kind of workplace discrimination.
Q:
Women being passed over for promotion even when they are performing better than men is an example of a discriminatory practice.
Q:
Effective diversity management involves eliminating unfair discrimination.
Q:
Unfair discrimination involves noticing and being aware of individual characteristics among people in a group.
Q:
Differences in easily perceived characteristics, such as gender, race, ethnicity, age, and disability, give rise to surface-level diversity.
Q:
Two colleagues who bond over similarities of growing up in a French-speaking locality can be said to have deep-level similarities rather than surface-level similarities.
Q:
Demographics mostly reflect deep-level rather than surface-level diversity.