Q&A Hero

Q: Mr. Ferro is about to start a unit on the American Revolution. He has several students with learning disabilities in his class and some students who are English language learners. What is his first step in getting ready to teach the chapter? A) Have the students make predictions about what will happen in the chapter. B) Instruct the students to make graphic organizers of the framework of the chapter. C) Select the major concepts and related vocabulary to be taught. D) Have the students preview the chapter.

Q: Adolescent suicide attempts are generally made for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: A) To achieve a sort of fame and publicity B) To escape stress or stressful situations C) To demonstrate to others how desperate they are D) To hurt or get back at others

Q: Vocabulary is one of the most difficult areas of reading to assess because it entails all of the following reasons EXCEPT: A) Knowing how many words students know. B) Knowing which words they know and don"t know. C) Knowing how many synonyms and antonyms there are for each word. D) Knowing whether they know one or more meanings and can use them.

Q: Common goals of social skills training programs include the ability to do all of the following techniques EXCEPT: A) Solve problems and make decisions quickly B) Avoid communication with others when possible C) Adapt to situations that are new or unexpected D) Use coping strategies for responding to emotional upsets

Q: Content enhancements are techniques to help students with all of the following choices EXCEPT: A) Identify salient information. B) Organize information. C) Comprehend content information. D) Summarize the information.

Q: Self-concept of students with disabilities is an excellent predictor of their achievement. Which of the following choices would be the best way to increase the self-concept of students with disabilities? A) Keep them out of general education classrooms B) Involve them in extracurricular activities such as sports or music. C) Allow them to attend a school assembly D) Place them in groups where no other students possess disabilities

Q: Brad is a second grader who has heard the word "economy" and knows that it has something to do with money. However, he is unable to define the word or use it in a sentence. His partial understanding of this word illustrates which characteristic of vocabulary words and vocabulary knowledge? A) English has many synonyms. B) Words have multiple meanings. C) A dictionary definition of a word is often more complicated than the word itself. D) There are different levels of word knowledge.

Q: The following statements about students with attention deficits and/or hyperactivity who are treated with medication are all true EXCEPT: A) Unwanted side effects can occur. B) Monitoring the effectiveness of the medication is the responsibility of family members and teachers. C) Medications do not make the learning disability disappear. D) The least effective technique for monitoring the effects of drugs is observing the student's behavior for any changes.

Q: The most important consideration in selecting words for vocabulary instruction is to choose words that: A) Have a high impact on learning and instruction. B) The student can already read and spell. C) Can be analyzed morphologically. D) Are conceptually related to each other.

Q: All of the following strategies are ways for dealing with attention problems EXCEPT: A) Use clear ways of cueing students to obtain their attention B) Look for times when students are attending and focusing C) Consider where in the classroom and near whom students work, and make adjustments to promote better focus on assignments D) Ignore the students demonstrating problems to force them to concentrate

Q: Which of the following is a recommended practice for teaching affixes (morphemic analysis)? A) Incorporate morphemic analysis instruction in at least 50 percent of writing instruction. B) Only 1 or 2 prefixes or suffixes should be introduced at a time. C) Focus more on morphemic analysis for younger than for older students. D) Morphemic analysis works with an unlimited set of words.

Q: Which of the following choices is NOT a common characteristic of ADHD? A) Easily distracted with difficulty demonstrating sustained attention to tasks B) Difficulty with impulse control or delay of gratification C) Excessive activity and restlessness D) Bursts of high energy followed by periods of low energy

Q: Describe the types of morphemes that are in the word unsuccessful. A) One prefix and one suffix B) Two affixes C) One prefix, one free morpheme and one suffix D) Two prefixes and one free morpheme

Q: According to Smith and Adams (2006), what percentage of children do families report as having both Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and learning disabilities? A) 4.5% B) 3.7% C) 1.0% D) 5.8%

Q: What type of morpheme is "re" in the word "replace"? A) Root B) Suffix C) Bound D) Free

Q: Tommy has uncontrollable temper tantrums and angry fits without apparent provocation. Sometimes his anger is directed at his classmates; other times, it appears to not be directed at anybody in particular and for no apparent reason. What type of aggressive behavior does Tommy exhibit? A) Indirect aggression B) Verbal aggression C) Outburst aggression D) Provoked physical aggression

Q: Learning prefixes are easier than learning suffixes for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: A) Prefixes generally have clearer meanings than suffixes. B) Prefixes are generally spelled more regularly than suffixes. C) Prefixes generally don"t change their spelling depending on the base words. D) Prefixes generally don"t have abstract meanings while suffixes always do.

Q: Students with social disabilities may be unable to function adequately with only the services provided in the general education classroom because of all the following reasons EXCEPT: A) Social interactions. B) Communication difficulties. C) Attention problems/hyperactivity. D) Pacifism

Q: The use of contextual analysis and morphemic analysis are considered: A) Writing strategies. B) Word-learning strategies. C) Instructional methods for specific word instruction. D) Fluency strategies.

Q: In regards to communication, students with mild intellectual disabilities generally do all of the following EXCEPT: A) Initiate conflicts less often. B) Take on a respondent role. C) Use higher level conflict initiating strategies less often. D) Begin classroom arguments more often.

Q: In the following sentence, what type of context clue allows the reader to understand the word "amiable"? "Lucy was very friendly. In fact, she was so amiable that she had more friends than she could count." A) Synonym B) Contrast C) Description D) Definition

Q: Pragmatic skills refer to all of the following EXCEPT: A) Eye contact. B) Ignoring others. C) Interaction. D) Sharing.

Q: Which type of context clue can be used to determine the meaning of "gregarious" in this sentence? "The husband and wife were very different. Al was reserved and shy but Sophie was quite gregarious." A) Definition B) Synonym C) Description D) Contrast

Q: When compared with their peers without learning disabilities, students with learning disabilities are all of the following EXCEPT: A) At greater risk for social alienation and rejection. B) Less accepted by peers. C) Perceived as having lower social status and social skills. D) More like to make new friends

Q: Which of the following statements about high-utility words is NOT true? A) They are words that students will encounter in a variety of contexts. B) They are words that will assist students in understanding a particular text. C) They should be used by the teacher as vocabulary words. D) They are words that are unlikely to be seen or used outside the specific unit.

Q: All of the following are examples of internalizing behaviors EXCEPT: A) Obsessive-compulsive behavior. B) Shyness. C) Aggression. D) Depression.

Q: How many vocabulary words should be taught each week to students?A) 1-3B) 5-7C) 7-10D) 15-20

Q: Jose is an expert at exhibiting behaviors that are disturbing and upsetting to other students as well as to teachers. Last year, his classroom behavior frustrated his teacher to the point of tears. Jose displays A) Internalizing behaviors. B) Externalizing behaviors. C) Learning difficulties. D) Aggressive behaviors.

Q: When providing new vocabulary words, teachers should perform all of the following steps EXCEPT: A) Have students say the words aloud so they know the proper pronunciation. B) Discuss the meaning of the word without using synonyms so as not to confuse students. C) Check with students on their understanding by asking students to figure out positive or incorrect examples and to explain why. D) Give students an opportunity to interact with the word either verbally or in writing.

Q: Sheila moved to a new high school midyear. Her classmates and teacher have noticed that she does some strange things in the classroom. She often sits alone and pretends to smoke invisible cigarettes. When a student walks by her desk she pretends to extinguish the cigarette and blow away the smoke. She often mutters under her breath or talks to an imaginary person under her desk. From this information, Sheila may be exhibiting: A) Internalizing behaviors B) Externalizing behaviors C) Learning difficulties D) Aggressive behaviors

Q: What are the two main approaches for teaching vocabulary? A) Indirect and direct B) Audiovisual method and multisensory method C) Thematic and incidental D) Expressive technique and receptive technique

Q: In a schoolwide behavioral support program, students who display similar behavior problems might be provided with an intervention that provides additional supports, prompts, feedback, and acknowledgement to ensure that behavior changes occur. Which stage of RTI does this describe? A) Tier 1 B) Tier 2 C) Tier 3 D) No specific Tier, but it is an overarching principle of RTI in general.

Q: The words that a reader recognizes in listening and uses in speaking refer to: A) Receptive vocabulary. B) Expressive vocabulary. C) Oral vocabulary. D) Reading vocabulary.

Q: If the combination of a schoolwide behavioral support model and group interventions is not associated with improved behavioral outcomes, then more specific and intensive intervention focused at the student level are introduced and monitored in: A) A Tier 1 RTI (response to intervention) model B) A Tier 2 RTI (response to intervention) model C) A Tier 3 RTI (response to intervention) model D) All Tiers of an RTI (response to intervention) model

Q: The words that a reader recognizes or uses in print refer to: A) Receptive vocabulary. B) Expressive vocabulary. C) Oral vocabulary. D) Reading vocabulary.

Q: What might be a Tier 1 component of schoolwide behavioral support in a response to intervention (RTI) model? A) Provide specific interventions at the individual level. B) Provide small group intensive interventions. C) Screen for behavior problems schoolwide. D) Group students who have similar behavior problems together.

Q: What are the causes of handwriting problems?

Q: What is the first step in conducting an effective FBA? A) Develop a hypothesis of the conditions under which the target behavior occurs. B) Develop an intervention plan that considers antecedents and reinforcers. C) Record events and behaviors that precede or follow the target behavior. D) Define the target behavior in behavioral terms.

Q: What are some important considerations in instructing spelling for students with learning and behavior problems?

Q: According to IDEA, students with disabilities who have significant behavior problems that interfere with their own learning or with the learning of other students must undergo: A) A functional behavioral assessment. B) A complete assessment to determine the presence of learning disabilities. C) An IQ assessment. D) An applied behavioral analysis.

Q: Describe the elements of the writing process. How does the student move through these components?

Q: In measuring the target behaviors for ABA, which of the following choices explores whether a behavior occurs during a specific period of time? A) Random sampling. B) Duration sampling. C) Event sampling. D) Interval sampling.

Q: What are some ways in which teachers can monitor students' progress in writing?

Q: The application of applied behavior analysis principles to change maladaptive behaviors is referred to as: A) Behavioral therapy B) Skills implementation. C) Group contingency D) Interpersonal problem solving.

Q: Describe the difficulties that students with learning disabilities have with the writing process.

Q: Mr. Peralta has a student in his class who engages in severe tantrum behavior. He is working with the special education teacher and the behavioral support specialist on some strategies to reduce the severity of the tantrums. Each time a tantrum occurs, he records the length of time that it lasts to determine any change in the behavior. This type of sampling is called: A) Event sampling. B) Duration sampling. C) Interval sampling. D) Behavior sampling.

Q: Which of the following groups of letters account for 48 percent of the errors made by students when forming letters? A) a, e, i, o, u, and y B) q, w, e, r, t, and y C) q, j, z, u, n, and k D) c, s, t, p, k, and g

Q: Mrs. Henderson is a behavior support specialist who observes the disruptive behavior of a child in a class. She observes for one hour and records how many times the student gets out of his seat and calls out in class. This type of measurement is called: A) Event sampling. B) Duration sampling. C) Interval sampling. D) Behavior sampling.

Q: Which of the following choices is the most common cause of illegible handwriting? A) Not leaving enough space between letters or words. B) Not pressing hard enough with the pencil. C) Forming letters incorrectly D) Slanting letters improperly

Q: The main purpose of positive behavioral support (PBS) is to: A) Provide positive reinforcement for students when they maintain target behaviors. B) Provide appropriate consequences for students when they display undesirable behaviors. C) Develop individualized interventions that stress the prevention of problem behaviors. D) Minimize negative reinforcement.

Q: In the Gillingham and Stillman approach to teaching spelling, echo speech refers to which of the following descriptions? A) The teacher says the word and students sound out each letter in it. B) The teacher says the word and students repeat the word after the teacher. C) The teacher says the word and students hold up a card with the first letter. D) The teacher says the word and students check their own writing to see if they have used it and spelled it correctly.

Q: Which of the following statements about positive reinforcement is NOT true? A) Positive reinforcement is considerably less effective at the secondary level. B) Elementary and secondary students need to be considered differently in terms of reinforcement C) Elementary students find public recognition more rewarding than older students. D) Secondary students prefer to receive individual feedback.

Q: Which of the following techniques refers to a teacher-directed approach that assumes students have some spelling skills and begins with teaching small units of meaningful writing? A) Fernald method B) Cloze spelling approach C) Morphographic spelling D) Visualization approach

Q: How many general education teachers do special education teachers generally work with to coordinate students' services? A) None B) Between 1 and 4 C) Between 5 and 10 D) Between 10 and 15

Q: It is important to alleviate handwriting problems in students for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: A) Handwriting difficulties are associated with a reduced interest in writing. B) Students with handwriting difficulties often spell worse than those without handwriting problems. C) Handwriting difficulties influence written expression. D) Handwriting difficulties will prevent that student from going to college or getting a job.

Q: The first step in designing an instructional game is to determine the purpose of the game. Which of the following choices is the second step? A) To select an activity students are unfamiliar with. B) To provide a sense of competition among students. C) To provide an activity in which students work cooperatively towards a single goal. D) To select and adapt a game that can be used to practice a skill or review knowledge.

Q: Mrs. Gupta has a child in her class who has illegible handwriting. The letters are poorly formed and there is inconsistent spacing between the letters. Some letters slant to the right while others slant to the left. Mrs. Gupta suspects that the student might have: A) A phonological awareness deficit. B) Dyslexia. C) Dysgraphia. D) Aphasia.

Q: Which of the following could most likely be used as a self-correcting material? A) Flannel board B) Instructional game C) Computer program D) Overhead projector

Q: Which of the following characteristics of students with dysgraphia is NOT true? A) They have poor letter formation. B) Their letters are inconsistent in size. C) They incorrectly use capital and lowercase letters. D) They can still write quickly when required.

Q: Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic elements needed for small-group learning to be cooperative? A) Interdependence B) Collaborative skills C) Group processing D) Group accountability

Q: All of the following assertions for teaching spelling words are based in research on spelling interventions EXCEPT: A) Students with LD should not be shown the correct spellings of any words they spell wrong, but should be encouraged to sound it out. B) Students with LD should be introduced to only a few words at a time. C) Computer-assisted instruction has been shown to be effective in improving spelling skills. D) Peer tutoring is effective for reviewing spelling words.

Q: When a teacher is working with a student individually, which of the following grouping formats would NOT be appropriate for the rest of the class? A) Independent learning B) Collaborative learning C) Peer tutoring D) Large-group instruction

Q: The visualization approach is used to teach: A) Editing. B) Handwriting. C) Spelling. D) Revising.

Q: What is the purpose of using independent learning as a grouping format? A) To allow students to practice a skill that they have already learned B) To allow students to learn new skills independently C) To allow students of different levels to assist each other D) To allow students to work collaboratively

Q: Mrs. Koenig is teaching her fifth-grade class to spell "democracy." First, she shows the class the word. Then she shows the class the word with the vowels missing "d_m_cr_c_" and students write the word, supplying the missing vowels. Then she shows the class the a card in which the word is missing the consonants "_e_ o _ _ a _y." The students write the word again and try to fill in the blanks. Lastly, the students write the word without a model. She is using which method of spelling instruction? A) Fernald method B) Cloze spelling approach C) Johnson and Myklebust technique D) Five-step word-study strategy

Q: What is the role of the special education teacher in the RTI model?

Q: According to Fernald (1943), specific school techniques that tend to produce poor spellers include which of the following? A) A focus on spelling errors B) An overemphasis on kinesthetic methods of learning C) Opportunities for tracing the word D) Providing opportunities for the student to hear the pronunciation of the word before seeing it in written form

Q: What are the benefits of universal screening?

Q: Which of the following is not a spelling approach recommended for possible use with students with learning disabilities? A) The Gillingham and Stillman approach B) The Fernald method C) The Johnson and Myklebust technique D) The Goldman and Fristoe method

Q: Describe how a written intervention plan in the RTI model differs from an IEP. What is included in the intervention plan?

Q: The following are all instructional strategies used to teach spelling EXCEPT: A) Five-step word study strategy. B) Visualization approach. C) Graphic organizers. D) Test-study-test.

Q: What are the benefits of progress monitoring?

Q: Principles of direct instruction for teaching spelling words include all of the following EXCEPT: A) Selecting words from reading text. B) Providing a set number of words to master a day. C) Providing individualized instruction. D) Providing multiple opportunities for incidental word learning in spelling.

Q: What principles relating to learning disabilities and the use of RTI to identify them were established by the Office of Special Education Programs in 2001?

Q: Miss Saitta is choosing some spelling words to teach that have the "-tion" spelling pattern. Which of the following words would not be an appropriate word to teach to her third-grade class? A) Nation B) Station C) Abrogation D) Attention

Q: Sheila was placed in Tier 2 intervention after her reading scores fell below benchmark in September. She participated in 10 weeks of intervention and Tier 2 was discontinued because she scored above benchmark. During progress monitoring 10 weeks later, her scores fell below benchmark. Only 5 percent of students in her class had scores below benchmark at this time. What might be the next step of the RTI team? A) Place Sheila in Tier 3 intervention. B) Place Sheila back in Tier 2 intervention. C) Observe the teacher and modify class instruction. D) Refer Sheila for special education.

Q: Spelling words should ideally: A) Be introduced in a group of 20 words at the beginning of each week. B) Include words that are unfamiliar to the child. C) Include words that the student is unable to read. D) Include high-frequency words.

Q: Cedar Hills School District has decided to encourage its schools to implement RTI, but implementation is not mandatory. The teachers at one of the schools, Cedar Grove Elementary, have just attended an RTI conference with the principal. Half of the teachers at Cedar Grove are interested in implementing RTI on a trial basis and the other half want to continue with their traditional instruction and intervention framework. What would be the best option for Cedar Grove Elementary at this moment? A) The principal should mandate that all teachers participate in RTI. B) Half of the teachers should participate in RTI. C) The school should seek additional information about RTI (e.g., observe and talk to other schools in the area who are implementing RTI). D) RTI should be implemented on a trial basis for half the school year.

Q: What is the cause of spelling difficulties for most students with learning and behavior disorders? A) Phonological awareness problems B) Visual memory problems C) Handwriting difficulties D) Ineffective instruction

Q: All of the following statements about universal screening are true EXCEPT: A) It is an essential component of RTI. B) It occurs only at the Tier 3 level. C) It is a quick way to identify general performance levels of students. D) It provides information about class performance and where teachers might need further professional development.