Q&A Hero

Q: Standardized assessments are problematic for students with severe and multiple disabilities for each of the following reasons EXCEPT: A. They can lead to instruction in age-inappropriate and nonfunctional skills B. The results fail to help teachers decide what to teach C. Students with significant disabilities are not capable of learning higher-order skills D. The results fail to help teachers decide how to teach

Q: How has high-stakes testing changed the educational expectations of students with intellectual disabilities?

Q: Important equity issues for urban education include qualifications of school personnel, the physical condition of the school, and A. Overcrowding B. Transportation C. Extracurricular activities D. Number of teaching assistants

Q: The purpose of assessing students with severe and multiple disabilities is to: A. Identify the type and severity of their disabilities B. Develop a quality educational program. C. To inform parents of their child's strengths and weaknesses D. Determine eligibility for services

Q: How is a life skills curriculum different from a general education curriculum?

Q: School professionals can positively influence interactions with family members who may find schools intimidating places by: A. Introducing them to the faculty B. Developing a friendship C. Meeting families in non-school settings D. Offering to tutor them

Q: Each of the following is TRUE of Augmentative Communication Devices EXCEPT:A. ACDs can range from highly technological to very light- or low-tech accommodations such as picture boards and books.B. These devices can be developed to meet the unique needs of students, providing graphic symbols, voice output, or written display as needed.C. ACDs are often difficult to use, depict a visual symbol, and offer a relatively large number of individual messages.D. Because students need to communicate in all environments, ACDs also must be readily available and easily portable.

Q: Why is it so important for teachers to be knowledgeable about the physical and medical problems that individuals with intellectual disabilities may have?

Q: Which phase of a process that involves asking parents to identify goals they have for collaborative relationships and activities that may be used productively to accomplish these goals helps to answer questions such as these: Are we following through with our plan? Is our plan doing a good job of addressing our needs? A. Intake and assessment B. Selection of goals C. Planning and implementing activities D. Evaluation of activities

Q: Paraeducators should NOT do any of the following EXCEPT: A. Record student learning and behavior as directed by the teacher B. Provide initial instruction or primary instruction to the student, including finding new ideas and trying them out C. Communicate with parents to discuss a student's problem behaviors or instructional challenges D. Help the student when a peer could provide the assistance or the student could complete the task independently

Q: Briefly describe three of the six areas of cognitive functioning in which students with intellectual disabilities struggle.

Q: Which of the following is an example of factors beyond the direct influence of educators that can adversely affect interactions with culturally diverse families? A. Families from culturally diverse backgrounds may harbor helpful preconceived notions about school personnel. B. Parenting for families of children with special needs is easier than for other families. C. There is disproportionate representation of students of color in special education. D. Attitudes toward the school may be positively influenced by their own school experiences.

Q: Paraprofessionals MAY do each of the following EXCEPT: A. Lead small group instruction that includes both students with significant disabilities and typical peers B. Implement behavior interventions as directed by the teacher C. Decide whether or not a specific behavior intervention is working and whether or not to continue it D. Move the student from pace to place

Q: Many individuals find the term mental retardation offensive. What are 3 other terms used instead of mental retardation?

Q: An instructional approach for students who are not native English speakers that uses controlled vocabulary and sentence structure, along with prompting, to facilitate comprehension in English language learners is: A. Concrete English B. Sheltered English C. Bilingual education D. Conceptual education

Q: To help students generalize information or skills, teachers must:A. Teach a specific skill in a direct and systematic way by breaking it into very small steps as part of meaningful activitiesB. Prompt students; that is, provide assistance to them using words, demonstrations, and even physical guidingC. Immediately reward correct responsesD. Teach across as many settings, tasks, and people as possible so that the students can use what they learn in any appropriate situation

Q: A discussion of curriculum expectations can be related directly to the accountability for that curriculum as measured on ______________________________________B.

Q: Cho is immediately enrolled in a class where she will learn to speak English. This is called a/an: A. Bilingual education program B. English as a second language program C. Sheltered English program D. Multicultural education program

Q: Students with severe and multiple disabilities typically score in which range on standardized IQ tests? A. 70 to 85 B. 50 to 60 C. 25 to 40 D. 85 to 100

Q: _______________________________ assumes that peer tutoring should be reciprocalthat all participating students should have opportunities to be both the teacher and the learner.

Q: The preferred strategy for reaching the English proficiency standard is: A. Bilingual education B. Sheltered English C. Equity pedagogy D. English as a Second Language

Q: The severity and complexity of severe and multiple disabilities varies depending on each of the following EXCEPT: A. The genetic abnormality B. The age of onset C. Amount of actual damage done to the brain D. Cultural and physical environments in which the child is raised

Q: ________________________________________ is experience in applying skills learned in the classroom within the larger context of the community in which students live.

Q: An empowering school culture focuses on eradicating systematic factors such as: A. Other languages B. Tracking practices C. Prejudice reduction D. Content integration

Q: Approximately what percentage of students has severe and multiple disabilities? A. 25 percent B. 10 percent C. 5 percent D. 1 percent

Q: The most common form of inherited intellectual disability is __________________________.

Q: The use of instructional strategies that embrace the learning characteristics of cognitive styles of diverse populations is: A. Multicultural education B. Equity pedagogy C. Bilingual education D. Prejudice reduction

Q: Although no single category exists in IDEA that is labeled severe and multiple disabilities, each of the following conditions are included in IDEA and typically grouped under this heading EXCEPT students:A. With severe and profound intellectual disabilitiesB. Who are both deaf and blindC. Who have multiple disabilitiesD. With traumatic brain injuries

Q: ________________________________, a broad term usually used in reference to chronic and significant impairments such as cerebral palsy and autism that result in intellectual disabilities.

Q: Mr. Izquierdo is a seventh-grade social studies teacher. He asked his neighbors, Mr. and Mrs. Matsuda, to visit his class to discuss Japanese culture. He was utilizing: A. Prejudice reduction B. Knowledge construction C. Content integration D. Equity pedagogy

Q: The Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps was formerly known as: A. American Association for the Education of the Severely and Profoundly Handicapped B American Association for the Education of the Multiple Handicapped C. American Association for the Education of Severely Impaired Individuals D. None of the above

Q: Norma is a 16-year-old identified as having a mild intellectual disability. During her transition meeting her parents express their desire for Norma to work at the family-owned business after graduation where she will be closely monitored and protected. Norma, on the other hand, has very different aspirations for herself. She insists that she wants to work at the local amusement park after graduation. Norma is demonstrating the concept of: A. Self-determination B. Metacognition C. Noncompliance D. Anxiety

Q: Which of the following is integral to teaching diverse students and includes strategies such as learning contracts and tiered lessons? A. Universal design for learning B. Differentiated instruction C. Multicultural education D. Knowledge construction

Q: The National Society for Crippled Children (now Easter Seals) was established by: A. 1971 B. 1921 C. 1891 D. 1951

Q: Kala is a sixth grader who was identified as having an intellectual disability. In addition to her low cognitive ability, she cannot perform daily skills necessary for independence such as brushing her teeth or taking a bath. These types of skills are referred to as: A. Independent behavior B. Learned behavior C. Adaptive behavior D. Generalized behavior

Q: An alternative to the current system for assessment of young children is A. Portfolio and performance assessments B. Standardized tests and medication C. Universal screening and early intervention D. Parent education as participation

Q: How does the mandate to use assistive technology under IDEA present ethical dilemmas for teachers? Why are children in rural areas and children from economically challenged homes at a disadvantage?

Q: Brandy scored a 68 on the WISC III. Her classroom teacher is adamant that she is mentally retarded and should be served by the school's special education teacher. Her father argues that she is very independent and gets along well with her siblings and other children in the neighborhood. Based on this information, which statement is TRUE? A. Caution should be used in labeling Brandy as mentally retarded because her adaptive behavior skills seem to be good. B. Brandy should be labeled mentally retarded because her IQ score falls below 70 and that is the most significant factor in determining eligibility for services. C. Brandy's dad cannot be objective about his daughter's behaviors, and his comments should not be considered in the identification process. D. Brandy should be labeled mentally retarded to receive services and then retested in a year to see if her IQ score is above 70.

Q: In the case of culturally diverse learners, a number of authors have suggested that during the traditional prereferral process or response to intervention (RTI) procedures, the team should carefully examine factors in the student's environment that:A. Contribute to dilenquencyB. May influence learningC. Are different from the dominant cultureD. Suggest poverty

Q: What are three ways professionals can help families of children with physical or health disabilities cope?

Q: The Higher Education Opportunity Act (Public Law 110-315), removed the barrier of: A. Requiring a traditional high school diploma as a condition of eligibility for financial aid B. Requiring that students with intellectual disabilities participate in work-study programs C. Requiring the acquisition of a GED before attending postsecondary education programs D. Requiring a minimum IQ level as a condition of eligibility of attendance in postsecondary education programs

Q: The special education referral process has been criticized for potential bias in which of the following areas? A. Possible contributions from classroom environment B. Elements of the child's home environment C. Support from principals and teachers D. The skill level of the school psychologist

Q: Students with physical and/or health disabilities have special needs in terms of access to education. What types of accommodations may be necessary?

Q: Critics of increasing inclusion of students with intellectual disabilities in general education settings argue each of the following EXCEPT:A. Students too often attend general education classes where they understand little of the instruction.B. With variations in activities and assignments, these students are capable of learning far more than those supporting alternative curricula have assumed.C. Even when accommodations are provided, the content is too abstract.D. The pace of instruction in the general curriculum is too fast for students with intellectual disabilities.

Q: Showing favoritism toward a particular group that occurs at multiple levels within a society or institution is called A. Cognitive style. B. Teacher attitude. C. Systemic bias. D. Knowledge construction.

Q: How do students with physical disabilities at the elementary and secondary level receive their services? Explain the factors that the multidisciplinary team must consider in making placement decisions.

Q: Two current issues within the field of intellectual disabilities are: A. Expectations for high-stakes testing and the right for students to make their own decisions. B. Expectations for high-stakes testing and the use of medications for students with mental retardation. C. The right for students to make their own decisions and the use of medication. D. The use of medication and expectations for high-stakes testing.

Q: Systemic bias within an educational system can occur through each of the following EXCEPT: A. Curriculum and instruction B. The special education referral process C. Teacher attitude D. Disproportionate respresentation

Q: How did the awareness of the educational needs of children with physical disabilities emerge and how did this change the educational options for students with physical disabilities?

Q: Teachers need to base their work on which of the following, even when they are not consistent with the teachers own? </para> A. Values B. Religion C. Priorities D. Culture

Q: Poverty has been associated with each of the following EXCEPT: A. Dominant culture B. Prenatal exposure to lead C. Prenatal exposure to toxins D. Poor nutrition

Q: What are the six sets of standards that are assigned to special education teachers in regard to becoming better prepared to serve students with physical/health disabilities?

Q: Effectively collaborating with the parents of children with intellectual disabilities is the responsibility of educational professionals. In doing this, what should be an educator's first priority? A. To establish a friendship with the parents outside of the school setting B. To establish a friendship with the child outside of the school setting C. To obtain an understanding of the parents' point of view D. To develop a plan of action to present to the parents for discussion

Q: Poverty and systemic bias are factors that contribute to: A. Multicultural education B. Equity pedagogy C. Disproportionate representation D. Dominant culture

Q: As students with physical and health disabilities transition from school to post-school options, what decisions must be considered by the individual and his or her family?

Q: What are two factors mentioned in your text that affect parents' reactions to their children with intellectual disabilities? A. Income and education level B. Religion and education level C. Culture and income D. Culture and religion

Q: The issue of disproportionate representation is particularly significant in respect to which population? A. Caucasian B. Asian C. African American D. Hispanic

Q: How can educators facilitate students' social relationships?

Q: Each of the following is a classic 'stage of grief" often applied to the experience of parents with children with disabilities EXCEPT: A. Anger B. Denial C. Blame D. Rejection

Q: Behavioral differences most frequenlty stem from each of the following EXCEPT: A. Cultural differences B. Frustration C. Feeling alienated D. Race

Q: Why does such a large range exist in the cognitive and academic abilities of students with physical disabilities?

Q: In Mrs. Mayor's first-grade class, she puts Veronica with a learning buddy during science centers in order to help meet her unique needs. Which of the following strategies is Mrs. Mayor using to assist Veronica? A. Positive behavior support B. Task analysis C. Peer tutoring D. Direct instruction

Q: Mr. Hernandez, who speaks English as a second language, is starting his new teaching position at Welbourn High School. The student population of Welbourn is middle-upper class Caucasian students. What may occur between Mr. Hernandez and his students? A. Multicultural education B. Field sensitivity C. Disproportionate representation D. Cultural dissonance

Q: What was the outcome significance of the court case Irving Independent School District v. Tatro?

Q: For academic work, what can make the amount of practice available almost limitless? A. A computer with drill-and-practice software B. A personal paraprofessional assistant C. Task analysis for each concept introduced D. Carefully structured homework

Q: Cognitive styles that reflect a holistic approach to processing information are referred to as: A. Field-dependent B. Field-independent C. Field sensitive D. Field-insensitive

Q: In the _________________________ _____________________ ________________________________, students participate in the same activities as typical classmates, but their goals are somewhat different.

Q: The instructional strategy that ensures systematic learning is called: A. Peer-mediated instruction B. Task analysis C. Direct instruction D. Whole-language instruction

Q: Kazuko is a 14-year-old highly organized student who tends to be very analytical in processing information. She is demonstrating what kind of cognitive style? A. Field-dependent B. Field-independent C. Field-insensitive D. Field-sensitive

Q: The options for achieving independence in adulthood have been enhanced tremendously by ______________________________.

Q: What factor, as discussed in your text, strongly influences inclusive practices for students with intellectual disabilities? A. Opposition to the continuum of placements B. Traditional thinking favoring separate placement C. Teachers' prejudices against inclusion D. Parents' resistance to inclusive practices

Q: The way in which a particular framework is used to develop, approve, and disseminate new information is called: A. Cognitive knowledge B. Metacognition C. Cognitive style D. Knowledge construction

Q: Prior to the early 1960s, the survival rate for some forms of pediatric cancer, including leukemia, was 0%; in the twenty-first century, the survival rate has climbed to ____ percent.

Q: Raymond diligently works on learning how to successfully complete an application in Mrs. Martin's fifth period class. This type of task is an example of: A. Community-based instruction B. Life skills curriculum C. A modified general curriculum D. Adaptive behavior task

Q: The term that refers to groups that have distinguishing characteristics with respect to cultural aspects such as language, values, and behaviors is/are: A. Macroculture B. Microculture C. Socioeconomic status D. Behavior patterns

Q: Approximately ______ percent of all spinal cord injuries happen to males.

Q: Which group of students is most likely to be educated primarily in special education settings? A. Preschool B. Elementary school C. Middle school D. High school

Q: Cultural elements held in great esteem or considered to be important by a society are: A. Values B. Morals C. Ethics D. Belief systems

Q: ____________________ _____________________ __________________is a procedure that needs to be done every 3 or 4 hours to help a student relieve her bladder.

Q: Students who are using real money to practice making change are demonstrating: A. Community-based instruction B. Math skills C. Applied academic skills D. Task analysis