Q&A Hero

Q: A discriminative stimulus is represented by the symbol: a. SR+ b. SR- c. SD d. none of the above

Q: __________ is a measurement of how long a student engages in a behavior. a. Duration b. Latency c. Frequency d. Locus

Q: Mrs. Jones had her students help establish a list of classroom rules, when they finished there were 35 rules for the class. This addresses which component of verbal structure?a. specificityb. economyc. consequencesd. none of the above

Q: Negative reinforcement is abbreviated as: a. SR2 b. SR- c. NR d. NR-

Q: ____________ is calculated by dividing the number of times a behavior occurred by the length of the observation period.a. Frequencyb. Latencyc. Durationd. Rate

Q: Which of the following would be a good example of a rule with specificity? a. Be a good citizen b. Keep your hands to yourself c. Raise your hand before speaking d. All of the above

Q: The schedule of reinforcement that is least resistant to extinction is: a. CRF b. FI c. VR d. VRD

Q: When determining ________ of a behavior, we count the number of times the behavior occurs within an observation period.a. Frequencyb. Ratec. Latencyd. Duration

Q: Verbal structure should include all of the following EXCEPT: a. specificity b. economy c. consequences d. reinforcement

Q: Each time George puts a quarter in the gumball machine, he receives a gumball. George is on what schedule of reinforcement? a. CRF b. FI c. VR d. VRD

Q: "Brooke was out of her seat for 16 minutes during lunch period" is an example of what behavioral dimension? a. Latency b. Frequency c. Duration d. Rate

Q: To establish effective instructional practices the following should be present: a. clear lesson plans b. brisk instruction c. engaging teacher characteristics d. all of the above

Q: Which of the following IS a characteristic of a FR schedule of reinforcement? a. The length of intervals affects the rate of responding b. As the schedule ratio increases, the student will often stop responding for a period of time following delivery of the reinforcer. c. Behaviors occur at a relatively low rate d. All of the above

Q: "Linda typed an average of 55 words per minute" is an example of what behavioral dimension? a. Frequency b. Rate c. Latency d. Locus

Q: When structuring classroom time which of the following is appropriate: a. picture schedule b. use of timer c. both a and b d. none of the above

Q: Continuous reinforcement schedules are most useful during which phase of learning? a. Acquisition b. Fluency c. Generalization d. All of the above

Q: The data collection technique which notes every time a behavior occurs within an observation period is: a. event recording b. interval recording c. time sampling d. permanent product recording

Q: When structuring the physical arrangement of the classroom one must consider: a. observation of all students b. physical spacing of students c. delineation of work areas d. all of the above

Q: The schedule of reinforcement having a one-to-one ratio is: a. Intermittent b. Variable c. Interval d. Continuous

Q: At the end of each play period, Mr. Carey counted the number of toys that Mary, Louise, and Anita did not put back on the shelves. He was using: a. event recording b. interval recording c. time sampling d. permanent product recording

Q: The classroom appearance should be attractive.

Q: The reinforcement delivery system that enables teachers to tailor the system based on the unique characteristics of students in a classroom is: a. Independent group-oriented b. Dependent group-oriented c. Interdependent group-oriented d. None of the above

Q: Mrs. Golden wanted to collect baseline data on how often Lauren speaks to her neighbor during silent reading. She divided the 15 minutes into equal 30 second intervals and made a notation of Lauren's talking during each. The method of data collection she used was: a. event recording b. time sampling c. interval recording d. anecdotal recording

Q: The physical arrangement of the classroom should clearly delineate work and play areas.

Q: Effective use of teacher praise requires that: a. praise be delivered contingent on performance of the target behavior b. praise should specify the behavior being reinforced c. praise should be sincere with the teacher varying tone and content d. all of the above

Q: Jessie is learning traffic signs in driver's education. His teacher holds up the sign and immediately records if Jessie names it correctly. This type of data collection is known as:a. event recordingb. time samplingc. latency recordingd. permanent product recording

Q: Procedures tell students how they should behave.

Q: Reinforcers that are exchangeable for some reinforcer of value to students is known as: a. Activity reinforcers b. Proprioceptive reinforcers c. Token reinforcers d. Tactile reinforcers

Q: Mr. Garcia checked at five-minute intervals to see if Jane was playing appropriately in a small group. He was using: a. interval recording b. time sampling c. event recording d. duration recording

Q: Too many rules may be inefficient.

Q: Which is considered a proprioceptive primary reinforcer? a. colored lights twinkling b. the smell of cinnamon rolls baking c. music playing softly d. swinging in a swing

Q: A teacher giving a written test is using: a. written data recording b. interval recording c. permanent product recording d. anecdotal recording

Q: Teacher characteristics are not important in establishing an effective classroom and instruction.

Q: Which of the following is NOT considered a secondary reinforcer? a. paycheck b. a gold star c. verbal praise d. a nap

Q: To provide the broadest possible description of events occurring within a time period one would use: a. anecdotal recording b. observational recording c. permanent product recording d. topography recording

Q: Effective rules describe observable behaviors.

Q: _________ reinforcers are natural, unlearned, or unconditioned. a. Tertiary b. Secondary c. Primary d. Variable

Q: Duration data are collected:a. from the time the teacher gives a performance direction until the student begins to perform the responseb. from the time the student begins the response until he or she completes the responsec. from the time the teacher gives a performance direction until the student completes the responsed. none of the above

Q: Classroom rules should be specific and clearly established.

Q: Immediacy of reinforcement delivery is necessary a. to avoid the hazard of inadvertently reinforcing an intervening behavior b. to establish a connection between a particular behavior and its consequences c. to convince the student of the veracity of the contingency d. all of the above

Q: When using time sampling the teacher notes occurrence or nonoccurrence of the behavior: a. any time during the interval b. at the end of the interval c. each time the behavior occurs within the interval d. any of the above

Q: The pace of instruction should be brisk.

Q: The best way to determine whether something is reinforcing to a student is to use a. Reinforcer sampling b. Systematic predicting c. Caregiver guesses d. Selective sampling

Q: When using time sampling, the data collector records behavioral occurrence only if it occurs at the end of an interval.

Q: Classroom schedules should be flexible.

Q: What is reinforcing to a student depends on a. reinforcement history b. temperament on an intervention day c. age appropriateness of the reinforcer d. a and c only

Q: Recording ongoing behaviors that may continue for several intervals is known as whole-interval recording.

Q: The physical arrangement of the classroom is an important component of establishing stimulus control.

Q: Which of the following terms is NOT associated with positive reinforcement? a. Increases b. Presentation c. Decreases d. Contingent

Q: A ringing telephone is an example of an antecedent stimulus.

Q: Discuss how a teacher might incorporate video and audio recording to teach self-management skills.

Q: The symbol for positive reinforcement is a. SR- b. SR+ c. SD d. SR

Q: Anecdotal reports are written to provide as complete a description of a student's behavior in a particular setting or during an instructional period

Q: Jeff, a high school student who experiences a motor disability, is frequently unorganized with is work and is always late for class, even when provided extra time and support when changing classes. Discuss how a teacher might use self-management techniques to teach Jeff better organizational skills and increasing his punctuality.

Q: _____________ is a naturally occurring phenomenon. a. Time out b. Reinforcement c. Contingency contracting d. Response cost

Q: Anecdotal reports can enable teachers to determine what factors in the classroom are occasioning or maintaining appropriate and inappropriate behaviors.

Q: Give an example of the use of a self reinforcement procedure.

Q: A contract should NOT: a. reinforce small approximations b. reinforce the performance after it occurs c. be stated negatively: "if you do not..., then I will..." d. reinforce frequently with small amounts

Q: Duration recording is primarily concerned with how long it takes a student to begin performing a behavior once its performance has been requested.

Q: Select one self recording strategy and give an example of its use.

Q: The Premack Principle is the reinforcement system used most often by teachers. Which of the following is an example of the Premack Principle?a. If you stay outside for 10 more minutes, then you must do your entire math problemsb. If you finish all your work, then you may have free time for 10 minutesc. If you are the line leader for today, then you must be quiet during study periodd. If you get a drink of water, then you must stay in your seat the rest of the day

Q: Latency recording is used when the teacher is concerned with the length of time a student engages in a particular behavior.

Q: Meichenbaum has detailed a five-step procedure for self instruction. List the five steps in this procedure.

Q: Individuals are MOST likely to satiate on: a. CRF schedules b. FR schedules c. FI schedules d. VR schedules

Q: Interval recording is typically used for long observation periods.

Q: List four factors that appear to influence the effectiveness of self instruction.

Q: Individuals are LEAST likely to satiate on: a. CRF schedules b. FR schedules c. FI schedules d. VR schedules

Q: Recording occurrences of discrete behaviors is known as whole-interval recording.

Q: List the two primary reasons attributed to the success of self recording procedures in assisting behavior change.

Q: A "learned" reinforcer is also known as: a. natural reinforcer b. deprived reinforcer c. aversive reinforcer d. conditional reinforcer

Q: In terms of making the closest representation of the actual occurrence of a behavior, time sampling is the most exact.

Q: The first step in self-instruction involves: a. an adult modeling the procedure while overtly talking through each step b. a student completing the steps following an adults directions c. a student completes the steps following picture prompts d. none of the above

Q: Confirmation of the reinforcing properties of a stimulus lies in: a. the stimulus b. the effect on behavior c. the schedule d. the teacher

Q: "Good job, Max!" is an example of a consequent stimulus.

Q: One of the most common forms of self-punishment includes _______________. a. response cost with a token reinforcement systems b. self-injurious behavior c. stereotypic behavior d. none of the above

Q: All basic reinforcement systems have the following elements: a. the teacher presents the antecedent discriminative stimulus b. the student performs the requested response c. the appropriate reinforcer is presented to the student d. all of the above

Q: Interval recording allows an investigator to analyze written reports.

Q: In _____________, students report an occurrence of their behavior. a. self-recording b. self-evaluation c. self-reinforcement d. self-instruction

Q: A positive reinforcer is a consequence stimulus which:a. increases the future rate, is delivered contingently and immediately following a desired behaviorb. maintains constant rates, and is delivered consequentlyc. decreases a behavior, is delivered contingently and immediately following a behavior.d. maintains rate of a behavior, is delivered contingently and immediately following a desired behavior

Q: Permanent products are tangible items or environmental effects that result from a behavior.