Q&A Hero

Q: Define and identify the elements in a persuasive argument.

Q: Distinguish between and provide examples of propositions of fact, value, and policy.

Q: Why is persuasion neither coercion nor manipulation?

Q: Your friend Anthony is entering a persuasive speaking contest. He has come to you to discuss persuasion. Refer to at least five persuasive principles in your discussion with him. Give at least one example of each.

Q: Journalist Tom Brokaw noted, It is not enough to identify the gene that predetermines the prospect of Alzheimers disease if we go through the prime of life with a closed mind. What message does this observation have for speakers and receivers? What specific techniques can speakers use to help open the minds of listeners?

Q: Define credibility and explain its role in public speaking.

Q: Define persuasive speaking, and distinguish between attitudes and beliefs.

Q: When using deduction you present A. a major premise. B. a minor premise. C. a major premise and a minor premise. D. none of these

Q: The form of logic that moves from the general to the specific is termed A. deductive reasoning. B. inductive reasoning. C. reasoning from premise. D. reasoning from analogy.

Q: A speech to persuade the audience that a tax rebate should be enacted because it is the best way to stimulate the economy is an example of a proposition of A. fact. B. value. C. policy. D. deterrence.

Q: Monroes motivated sequence begins with A. need. B. satisfaction. C. attention. D. conclusion.

Q: When we try to determine what other people think is right, we are looking for A. social science. B. social definitions. C. social proof. D. all of these

Q: Beliefs are the A. building blocks of attitudes. B. building blocks of answers. C. building blocks of appetites. D. none of these

Q: Your derived credibility is A. your credibility before you start to speak. B. your credibility at the end of the speech. C. your credibility during your speech. D. credibility derived from testimonials.

Q: Which of the following would not make you seem more credible? A. trustworthiness B. charisma C. competence D. passivity

Q: Your credibility as a speech maker is based on A. what you are really like. B. how an audience perceives you. C. how well prepared you are to speak. D. your belief system.

Q: To be an effective persuader, you should promise your audience that A. you will not try to involve them actively in your presentation. B. they can gain a meaningful reward by accepting your proposal. C. you will not try to change their thoughts, feelings, or actions. D. all of these

Q: What term does Abraham Maslow use for our need for self-respect and the respect of others? A. survival B. safety C. love and belonging D. esteem

Q: According to Maslows hierarchy of needs, our most basic need is A. self-actualization. B. safety. C. survival. D. love.

Q: To convince listeners to change their attitudes and beliefs, it is suggested that you first A. show them that there is an imbalance in their lives. B. explain Maslow's hierarchy of needs. C. create information underload. D. use visualization.

Q: When using deductive reasoning in a speech, A. you present a major premise, minor premise, and conclusion. B. moves from the specific to the general. C. involves asking why? D. can be evaluated by asking if the instances cited are representative or typical.

Q: How are beliefs measured? A. on a favorableunfavorable scale B. on a probableimprobable scale C. on a charter of audience demographics D. on a conflict grid

Q: How are attitudes measured? A. on a favorableunfavorable scale B. on a probableimprobable scale C. on a chart of audience demographics D. on a conflict grid

Q: Factors affecting listeners attitudes include A. family. B. religion. C. economic and social class. D. all of these

Q: An audience members attitude is A. a favorable or unfavorable set, or predisposition, that he or she brings to a speech. B. his or her belief system. C. his or her degree of information overload. D. his or her cultural background.

Q: If you don't smoke now, don't begin is an example of which kind of goal? A. adoption B. discontinuance C. deterrence D. continuance

Q: Which of the following statements about the goals of a persuasive speech is true? A. They can be categorized as adoption, discontinuance, deterrence, and continuance. B. Typically, the proposition of the speech reflects one or more of these goals. C. Deterrence and continuance goals involve reinforcing or sustaining existing behavior. Adoption and discontinuance goals tend to be harder to achieve than deterrence and continuance goals. D. all of these

Q: Typically, a persuasive speaker wants the audience members to change or reinforce their A. beliefs. B. values. C. attitudes. D. all of these

Q: Pathos refers to logic. A. true B. false

Q: When you reason logically, you cite your sources carefully. A. true B. false

Q: Logos includes arguments, reasoning, and evidence that add substance to a claim. A. true B. false

Q: When you ask the audience to support a proposition of policy, you ask them to support a course of action. A. true B. false

Q: Causal reasoning is reasoning by comparison. A. true B. false

Q: Reasoning that relies on using specific evidence to make a general conclusion is inductive reasoning. A. true B. false

Q: The proposition is the objective of the speaker. A. true B. false

Q: The more central a belief, the more willing we are to change it. A. true B. false

Q: Go to the college library and view Vital Speeches. It is also available through your library online. Select an informative speech that interests you. Work your way through the written speech, analyzing what the speaker sought to accomplish in the speech, how it was organized, and ways it could be improved. A detailed analysis will probably require 300 words.

Q: David Shenk has suggested, We now face the prospect of information obesity. If this statement is true, what implications does it have for the informative speaker? Be specific.

Q: What is informative speaking? Discuss three types of informative speaking.

Q: Explain what a speaker can do to create information hunger and increase listener comprehension.

Q: Which of the following questions would not be answered by an informative speech? A. Why is this solution the best one? B. How does this work? C. What does that look like? D. What does that mean?

Q: A speech entitled The Story of an Iraq War Veteran: The Life of a Returning Soldier would most likely rely on which format? A. explanation B. narrative C. description D. definition

Q: The situation that occurs when the speaker underestimates the sophistication or intelligence of audience members and tells them little they do not already know is called A. information overload. B. information hunger. C. information underload. D. information balance.

Q: If your objective in an informative speech is to explain how a butterfly emerges from a cocoon, this would be called a speech of A. definition. B. persuasion. C. explanation. D. description.

Q: Which of the following can be used to help an audience remember information? A. repetition B. creativity C. emphasis D. novelty E. all of these

Q: Effective speech makers view audience members as A. passive listeners. B. active participants. C. unsophisticated. D. threatening.

Q: As an informative speaker, you should avoid A. repetition. B. information hunger. C. information underload. D. gestures.

Q: If a speaker dresses his or her ideas in words the listeners do not understand, the result can be A. information overload. B. information underload. C. information hunger. D. all of these

Q: Information overload can occur if the speech maker A. presents more data than the audience wants or needs. B. has aroused too much information hunger. C. underestimates the sophistication of the audience. D. uses oversimplified terminology.

Q: If your purpose is to convey in detail what a slum looks like, you would probably deliver a message of A. definition. B. description. C. explanation. D. none of these

Q: Which of the following is an example of an informative speech? A. Why We Should Support the Equal Rights Amendment B. Why We Should Develop Nuclear Power Plants C. Why We Should Eat a Balanced Diet D. none of these

Q: Speeches that explain, describe, or define are called A. informative. B. persuasive. C. cooperative. D. effective.

Q: A person who delivers an informative speech aims to A. offer more information about a topic than the audience already has. B. provide background material. C. refine the audiences understanding. D. all of these

Q: A way to create information hunger is to give the audience so much information that they will inevitably be interested in your topic. A. true B. false

Q: An effective way to make sure your audience has understood a process speech is to give them an opportunity to try the process. A. true B. false

Q: A speech entitled How to Grow Herbs Indoors would be a speech of explanation. A. true B. false

Q: In general, people learn more if they are permitted to remain passive during a presentation. A. true B. false

Q: How can a speaker use visual aids to make his or her speech more effective? How might a speaker use them to make his or her speech less effective?

Q: Discuss the rehearsal-confidence connection, being certain to explain the role of rehearsing in speech preparation.

Q: What are the advantages and disadvantages of the following four types of speech delivery: manuscript, memorized, impromptu, and extemporaneous?

Q: The delivery style most effective in public speaking situations as well as in the classroom is the A. manuscript speech. B. impromptu speech. C. memorized speech. D. extemporaneous speech.

Q: A presidential address would most likely take the form of a(n) A. memorized speech. B. manuscript speech. C. extemporaneous speech. D. impromptu speech.

Q: Following a speech you should A. discuss what you did well. B. discuss where you need improvement. C. both A and B D. not bother to think about it any more; the speech is over.

Q: When wording a speech, which of the following should you not do? A. Speak in long, unbroken units. B. Avoid using jargon or technical language with a general audience. C. Keep your words simple and concrete. D. Use vivid language.

Q: The best visual aid to convey percentages or proportions is the A. line graph. B. bar graph. C. pie graph. D. pictograph.

Q: While giving a speech, you should make eye contact with A. audience members who appear responsive to what you are saying. B. audience members who appear unresponsive. C. audience members who seem to disagree with you. D. audience members seated nearest you. E. all audience members.

Q: Which of the following statements about posture is true? A. It should not (and rarely does) present any problem for speech makers, because standing is something almost everyone does very well. B. Speakers often seem to forget that posture communicates. C. To stand properly when public speaking, simply assume your most relaxed posture. D. all of these

Q: Which of the following are visual cues that affect the way an audience responds to a speaker? A. clothing B. eye contact C. gestures D. posture E. all of these

Q: Which of the following is an advantage of a manuscript speech? A. It tends to increase eye contact between speaker and audience. B. It allows the speaker to use precise language. C. It helps the speaker establish a conversational tone. D. all of these E. none of these

Q: The text suggests these criteria for visual aids: A. simplicity, clarity, visibility, and authenticity B. worth, appropriateness, interest, availability C. selection, development, presentation, postpresentation analysis D. your own interests, the occasion, the audience E. audience demographics and attitudes

Q: To contrast various events at one point in time, you would probably use a A. line graph B. bar graph C. pie graph D. model

Q: When rehearsing a speech, you should work with the audio or visual aids you plan to use. A. true B. false

Q: Pictographs are circular graphs that indicate various percentages of the whole by wedges. A. true B. false

Q: A manuscript speech is always memorized. A. true B. false

Q: The sounds uh and um are examples of nonfluencies. A. true B. false

Q: As you utter the last words of your speech, you should begin walking back to your seat. A. true B. false

Q: As you approach the podium, you should apologize if you feel unprepared. A. true B. false

Q: An extemporaneous speech is delivered after being researched, outlined, and rehearsed. A. true B. false

Q: An impromptu speech is delivered on the spur of the moment. A. true B. false

Q: Scientist Werner von Braun observed that, Basic research is what I am doing when I dont know what I am doing. Relate this statement to the principles of research discussed in this chapter.