Q&A Hero

Q: Cultural relativity is ________ while cultural relativism is ________. a. the way things should be done; the way things are done b. the way things are done; the way things should be done c. the fact that cultures are different; the judgment that cultures must be accepted as they are d. the judgment that cultures must be accepted as they are; the fact that cultures are different

Q: Egyptian tradition places value on ________. a. urban communities b. peasant farmers c. individualism d. social isolation

Q: According to Evanoff, ________ provide(s) an adequate framework for intercultural ethics. a. both the universalist and particularist approaches b. the universalist approach c. the particularist approach d. neither the universalist nor the particularist

Q: Which statement below best describes the relationship between religion and politics in Egypt? a. Political groups openly support religious laws. b. Politicians work hard to have a separation of church and state. c. Voters put religion aside when choosing a candidate. d. The Egyptian government is officially Islamic but rarely interferes in religious matters.

Q: What view of intercultural ethics denies the existence of a universal set of values and norms? a. realist b. particularist c. pragmatist d. individualist

Q: All of the statements below accurately describe one of the four tenets central to understanding Islam EXCEPT ____________. a. God created the world. b. Islam is a monotheistic religion. c. People are born with original sin. d. Each Muslim faces a day of judgment.

Q: Which of the following is NOT associated with the universalist perspective on ethics? a. objectivism b. globalization c. postmodernism d. the unilinear model

Q: Which statement below is true of the Indian caste system? a. There are more than eight different castes. b. A persons caste is determined by birth. c. People freely marry outside of their own caste. d. The caste system has always been seen as Gods will.

Q: People who have a universalist perspective tend to ________. a. view their own particular culture as reflecting the universal ethical standard b. view all cultures as contributing equally to the universal ethical standard c. be progressive d. be conservative

Q: Which task below is typical of the casteless group of Untouchables? a. slaughtering animals b. collecting taxes c. building houses d. herding sheep

Q: The universalist approach grounds ethics in ________. a. religion b. history c. nature d. A, B, and C are true.

Q: The highest Indian caste is populated by ________. a. traders b. leather tanners c. administrators d. priests

Q: Which approach to intercultural ethics attempts to gather facts and make generalizations? a. empirical b. normative c. theoretical d. A and C are true.

Q: In Hinduism, when a person is in the state of Nirvana, ________. a. his or her soul is impure and needs to be cleansed b. his or her soul is free from the cycle of reincarnation c. he or she has failed to follow his or her own Dharma d. he or she has denied his or her caste

Q: What is a major criticism of the Western worldview? a. It relies too heavily on rationalism. b. It leaves little room for humanitarianism. c. It is too focused on maintaining existing social hierarchies. d. It is too diluted by the incorporation of worldviews from around the world.

Q: What is Karma? a. the Hindu Supreme Being b. the hidden self c. the moral law of cause and effect d. the code of conduct that guides a persons life

Q: What is a benefit of the Western worldview? a. an appreciation of the natural world b. scientific and technological advancements c. strengthened relationships with others d. it increases sense of spirituality in daily life

Q: The Indian worldview is strongly influenced by the Hindu concepts of ________. a. jen and chih b. li and i c. Brahman and Atman d. jihad and Shari-a

Q: According to Kim, the cultural differences between the Eastern and Western traditions are ________. a. insurmountable b. relatively minor c. complementary d. actually nonexistent

Q: East Asian communication is typically more ________ than North American norms. a. direct b. indirect c. outcome-oriented d. universalistic

Q: The Eastern worldview causes communication patterns that emphasize ________ in order to avoid ________. a. hesitance and ambiguity; offending others b. directness; confusing others c. indirectness; pressuring others to conform to a group d. kindness; reinforcing a social hierarchy

Q: East Asian communication is centered on the ________. a. sender b. message c. linguistic code d. receiver

Q: In Western communication, interpersonal relationships are typically considered ________. a. hierarchical b. intimate c. egalitarian d. Both A and C are true.

Q: Which statement below best describes the North American orientation to communicative patterns according to Yum? a. There is an emphasis on listening well rather than speaking well. b. There are less differentiated linguistic codes. c. Indirect communication is the norm. d. Communication is seen as an infinite process.

Q: While Western thought conceptualizes time as ________, Eastern thought considers it ________. a. an arrow; a river b. an ocean; an arrow c. a wheel; an arrow d. a river; an ocean

Q: What does it mean for the East Asian orientation to be particularistic? a. Different rules apply in different contexts. b. There is a sharp distinction between the in-group and the out-group. c. There is a strong sense of fatalism. d. People frequently use people they know personally as intermediaries.

Q: Which statement below accurately describes an Eastern approach to knowledge? a. Rationality is highly valued. b. Intuition is considered a valid way of knowing. c. Intellect is the primary vehicle for understanding the world. d. Opposites are independent of each other, and one can exist without the other.

Q: The principle of ________ means warm human feelings between people and is the cardinal principle of Confucianism. a. jen b. jihad c. Shari-a d. Atman

Q: In the Eastern worldview, things should be perceived and known _______. a. synthetically b. analytically c. through scientific investigation d. within a dualistic framework

Q: Which statement below best describes the East Asian orientation to interpersonal relationships according to Yum? a. There is not a sharp distinction between in-group members and out-group members. b. Intermediaries are rarely used, and when they are used, they are professionals. c. There is little separation between personal and public relationships. d. Relationships are typically symmetrical or contractual.

Q: According to the Western view, most of the material in the universe is _______. a. self-organizing b. lifeless and for human use c. part of a vast living organism d. unfolding due to inner necessity rather than divine order

Q: Compare and contrast the three different types of cultural contracts.

Q: What does Cleveland argue that Americans need to figure out? a. how to deal with other cultures b. how to create equality c. how to create wholeness incorporating diversity d. how to make the perception of one culture into the acceptance of many

Q: Describe the four types of cultural transients identified by Onwumechili, Nwosu, and Jackson and provide an example of each type.

Q: It is argued by Cleveland that ________ is not the product of similarity but the cheerful acknowledgement of difference. a. diversity b. equality c. peace d. progress

Q: What are the two mechanisms that Sauceda argues define Chicano/a ethnic membership?

Q: Cleveland argued that in Hawaii, racial and ethnic tolerance was ________. a. because of diversity, not in spite of it b. in spite of diversity, not because of it c. a direct consequence diversity and population density d. A and C are true.

Q: Explain why Sauceda rejects each of the five conditions of ethnic membership identified by Isajiw in regards to Chicanos/as.

Q: In Hawaii, according to Cleveland, ________. a. everyone is a minority b. groups managed to establish the right to be separate c. group separate-ness helped to enforce equality for individual group members d. A, B, and C are true.

Q: Explain the difference between passive acceptance and active acceptance of white cultural identity. Provide details and examples to fully illustrate the differences.

Q: Cultural loyalties, according to Cleveland, can be ________. a. extremely dangerous b. a very positive thing c. more inclusive than one would think d. permanent and immutable

Q: Explain what scholars mean when they say that whiteness is a location of structural privilege.

Q: Totalitarian governments, according to Cleveland, tend to ________. a. have societies that fear outsiders b. have societies that deny outsiders access c. have societies that prevent transcultural migration d. A, B, and C are true. a. individual identity and cultural identity are no longer differentiated b. one is willing to kill for that cultural identity c. cultural identity is the only identity that matters

Q: Why is race considered a social construction rather than a biological category?

Q: Cleveland argues that culture can ________. a. be an instrument of salvation b. be an instrument of repression c. be an instrument of extinction d. B and C are true.

Q: What are some of the potential problems associated with conducting research on Indian-ness? How might a lack of cultural awareness impact the results?

Q: Explain how openness, strength, and positivity affect the process of adapting to a new culture.

Q: What are the prevalent stereotypes of Native Americans today? How do these stereotypes differ from reality?

Q: Define the concept of host receptivity and discuss its impact on a persons adjustment to a new culture.

Q: How does Indian-ness differ from tribal identity? Provide specific examples to illustrate your points.

Q: Define the concepts of cognitive competence, affective competence, and operational competence in the context of adjusting to a new culture.

Q: Explain the unique challenge that Native Americans face in regards to understanding their own cultural identity and the cultural identities of other Native Americans.

Q: Explain the processes of acculturation and deculturation.

Q: Why does Chen argue for a Taoist understanding of the self rather than a Buddhist or Confucian understanding of the self?

Q: Describe the interpretive perspective on communication.

Q: Describe what is meant by egoless selfhood.

Q: Describe the positivist perspective on communication.

Q: How does the Taoist view of the self differ from Western notions of the self?

Q: Explain the concepts of avowal, ascription, salience, and intensity.

Q: What does it mean to have intercultural competence?

Q: List five different groups that form cultural systems.

Q: Explain the differences between individual, relational, and communal forms of identity, providing an example for each.

Q: List five tips that would help an individualist negotiate conflict more effectively with a collectivist.

Q: How does whether a label has been created by in-group members or an outside group affect the meaning and interpretation of that label?

Q: Explain how silence functions differently in conflict for people from individualist and collectivist cultures.

Q: Explain what core symbols, norms, and labels are and discuss their importance to cultural identity.

Q: How do the cultural values of individualism/collectivism and low context/high context influence linguistic strategies during an intercultural conflict?

Q: What do avowal and ascription mean in the context of cultural identity?

Q: How does a cultures orientation to time affect intercultural conflict?

Q: How does the psychological perspective on identity differ from the communication perspective on identity?

Q: How do the cultural values of individualism/collectivism and low context/high context affect the causes of intercultural conflict?

Q: Military personnel on an overseas tour of duty are a good example of which type of cultural transient? a. short-term socioeconomic/political transient b. long-term socioeconomic/political transient c. short-term service/employment transient d. long-term service/employment transient

Q: What are the linguistic, management, and coordinative functions of language?

Q: A seasonal migrant agricultural laborer is a good example of which type of cultural transient? a. short-term socioeconomic/political transient b. long-term socioeconomic/political transient c. short-term service/employment transient d. long-term service/employment transient

Q: Explain the relational system as described by Spitzberg.

Q: Which type of cultural transient is a citizen of both cultures and stays in a location for more than 6 months? a. short-term socioeconomic/political transients b. long-term socioeconomic/political transients c. short-term service/employment transients d. long-term service/employment transients

Q: Explain the episodic system as described by Spitzberg.

Q: Why were both the U-curve and the W-curve rejected in favor of cyclical curves? a. The U and W curves did not account for people who never adjust to a host culture. b. The U and W curves focused on cultural transients and failed to address sojourners. c. The U and W curves failed to consider reacculturation after returning to the home culture. d. The U and W curves did not work well outside of a Western context.

Q: Explain the individual system as described by Spitzberg.

Q: Who are cultural transients? a. people who do not identify with any culture b. people who were raised in a dominant culture but rejected it as an adult c. people who move back and forth between cultures d. people who have been assimilated into a dominant culture