Q&A Hero

Q: T F What many teachers refer to as source credibility was called ethos by Aristotle.

Q: According to your textbook, reasoning from _______________ moves from a number of particular facts to a general conclusion.

Q: T F Competence and character are the most important factors affecting a speakers credibility.

Q: As your textbook explains, __________ are usually the most effective supporting materials if you want to increase the emotional appeal of a persuasive speech. a. statistics b. analogies c. research studies d. quotations e. examples

Q: Which of the following is recommended in your textbook as a method for generating emotional appeal in a persuasive speech? a. Use clear visual aids. b. Develop vivid examples. c. Speak with sincerity and conviction. d. all of the above e. b and c only

Q: Which of the following is recommended by your textbook as a method for generating emotional appeal in a persuasive speech? a. Develop vivid examples. b. Increase the rate of your delivery. c. Substitute emotional appeals for evidence. d. Use more denotative language. e. Employ visual aids.

Q: What does your textbook advise regarding the ethical use of emotional appeals in a persuasive speech? a. Restrict emotional appeals to the conclusion of the speech. b. Use emotional appeals on topics that do not lend themselves to reasoning. c. Avoid emotional appeals when speaking on a question of policy. d. Limit emotional appeals to speeches using Monroes motivated sequence. e. Use emotional appeals to supplement your evidence and reasoning.

Q: In her persuasive speech, Kari wants to generate emotional appeal to help convince her classmates to sign up as organ donors. According to your textbook, how can Kari create this emotional appeal? a. use emotional language b. develop vivid examples c. speak with sincerity and conviction d. all of the above e. b and c only

Q: What modern scholars of persuasion refer to as credibility, Aristotle referred to as _______________ .

Q: According to your textbook, the two most important factors affecting the credibility of a persuasive speaker are _______________ and _______________ . competence character

Q: _______________ credibility is the credibility of the speaker before she or he begins to speak. _______________ credibility is the credibility produced by everything the speaker says and does during the speech. _______________ credibility is the credibility of the speaker at the end of the speech. Initial; Derived; Terminal

Q: _______________ was the name used by Aristotle for the logical appeal of a speaker.

Q: _______________ was the name used by Aristotle for the emotional appeal of the speaker. Pathos

Q: When used in a persuasive speech, supporting materials such as examples, statistics, and testimony are referred to as _______________ .

Q: Your textbook presents four tips for using evidence in a persuasive speech. They are: a. b. c. d.

Q: According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? If you really want to lose weight, make sure you use the newest diet on the market. In weight-loss plans, as in everything else, newer is always better. a. circular example b. appeal to novelty c. bandwagon d. slippery slope e. hasty induction

Q: According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? If you want the most reliable air conditioner, you should always buy the newest model. a. red herring b. slippery slope c. hasty reasoning d. appeal to novelty e. bandwagon

Q: According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? The U.S. Constitution is a relic of the past. We should feel free to change it whenever we want because new ideas will always serve us better than old principles. a. appeal to tradition b. false induction c. slippery syllogism d. appeal to novelty e. hasty generalization

Q: According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? It is time to abolish the Electoral College. Something new is bound to work better than something that has been around for more than 200 years. a. false syllogism b. bandwagon c. invalid analogy d. hasty generalization e. appeal to novelty

Q: According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? Of course we should use the latest innovations in testing for high school students. If the testing methods are new, they will inevitably be better than older methods. a. bandwagon b. hasty syllogism c. appeal to novelty d. false cause e. invalid analogy

Q: Appeals to audience emotions such as fear, compassion, guilt, or pride are the kinds of appeals that Aristotle referred to as a. ethos. b. kairos. c. pathos. d. demos. e. logos.

Q: According to your textbook, which of the following statements is true? a. Emotional appeal is incompatible with ethical public speaking. b. A public speaker should not substitute emotional appeal for evidence and reasoning. c. Emotional appeal is usually inappropriate in a persuasive speech on a question of fact. d. all of the above e. b and c only

Q: According to your textbook, emotional appeal is usually inappropriate in a persuasive speech on a question of a. fact. b. ethics. c. practicality. d. policy. e. value.

Q: According to your textbook, emotional appeal is a. inappropriate in a persuasive speech on a question of policy. b. often necessary when a speaker is trying to move an audience to action. c. most effectively generated by using emotionally charged words. d. unethical unless the emotional appeal is combined with causal reasoning. e. seldom used by public speakers in support of honorable causes.

Q: As your textbook explains, emotional appeal is a. seldom used by public speakers in support of honorable causes. b. unethical unless it is combined with reasoning from principle. c. often necessary when a speaker is trying to move an audience to action. d. all of the above. e. a and b only.

Q: As your textbook explains, when using emotional appeal in a persuasive speech, you should a. make sure it is appropriate to your speech topic. b. use it in combination with evidence and reasoning. c. supplement it with causal reasoning. d. all of the above. e. a and b only.

Q: According to your textbook, when using emotional appeal in a persuasive speech, you should a. use as many emotionally charged words as you can. b. let emotional appeal grow naturally out of the speech content. c. limit emotional appeal to the introduction of the speech. d. all of the above. e. b and c only.

Q: According to your textbook, the strongest source of emotional appeal in persuasive speaking is a. the speakers integrity and prestige. b. true-to-life supporting material. c. dramatic, emotionally charged language. d. the speakers sincerity and conviction. e. vivid comparison and contrast.

Q: According to your textbook, the fallacy of appeal to novelty assumes a. that unfamiliar evidence will be most persuasive to listeners. b. that something new is automatically better than something old. c. that unique examples are superior to familiar ones. d. all of the above. e. a and b only.

Q: According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? If youre looking for a house, you want to buy a new one. New construction and design techniques have to be better than old ones. a. bandwagon b. slippery slope c. circular appeal d. false analogy e. appeal to novelty

Q: According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? Did you hear about the new vacuum cleaner on the market? We should get it, because it has to be better than the older ones. a. appeal to novelty b. circular appeal c. slippery slope d. false analogy e. bandwagon

Q: According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? The Travelers Insurance Company has been in business since the Lincoln administration. That tells you it has to be a top-notch insurance company. a. invalid analogy b. appeal to tradition c. false example d. red herring e. slippery slope

Q: According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? The university has been using the same admissions standards for the past 120 years. If they were good enough 120 years ago, they are good enough today. a. false example b. slippery slope c. bandwagon d. appeal to tradition e. invalid analogy

Q: According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? The federal government has been using essentially the same methods to measure poverty since 1965. If those measures were appropriate then, they are appropriate now. a. either-or b. invalid analogy c. false example d. slippery slope e. appeal to tradition

Q: According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? Reading an actual book is obviously superior to reading on e-readers or tablets. Books have been around for hundreds of years. a. slippery slope b. invalid analogy c. appeal to tradition d. false example e. either-or

Q: According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? Weve been using pennies for more than 200 years. We cant get rid of them now! a. false example b. invalid analogy c. slippery slope d. either-or e. appeal to tradition

Q: According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? There is no need to change our companys manufacturing process. Our assembly line has worked for the past 80 years, and it will work just fine for the next 80 years. a. appeal to tradition b. slippery slope c. invalid analogy d. false example e. either-or

Q: According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? Theres nothing wrong with capital punishment. After all, its been around for thousands of years. a. appeal to tradition b. false cause c. appeal to example d. slippery slope e. appeal to novelty

Q: According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? Since the first Tournament of Roses game in 1916, the college bowl system has been a national institution. Changing it now is unthinkable. a. red herring b. slippery slope c. invalid history d. hasty example e. appeal to tradition

Q: According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? If we allow the government to restrict the sale of semiautomatic weapons, before we know it, there will be a ban on ownership of handguns and even hunting rifles. And once our constitutional right to bear arms has been compromised, the right of free speech will be the next to go. a. either-or b. ad hominem c. bandwagon d. invalid analogy e. slippery slope

Q: According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? If you let the postal service eliminate Saturday delivery, then its only a matter of time until theres no mail delivery at all. a. invalid analogy b. bandwagon c. slippery slope d. red herring e. appeal to tradition

Q: According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? Once society recognizes same-sex marriages, all traditional values will be destroyed. a. bandwagon b. slippery slope c. red herring d. appeal to novelty e. invalid analogy

Q: According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? If we give students vouchers to attend private schools, it wont be long until the entire public school system is eliminated. a. red herring b. appeal to tradition c. invalid analogy d. bandwagon e. slippery slope

Q: According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? Once the city cuts back on trash pickup from twice a week to once a week, its only a matter of time until we have to take all our trash to the dump ourselves. a. either-or b. slippery slope c. invalid analogy d. bandwagon e. red herring

Q: According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? If we allow the government to require healthy meals in school cafeterias, then its only a matter of time before the government tells us everything we can and cannot eat. a. slippery slope b. appeal to novelty c. invalid analogy d. bandwagon e. red herring

Q: What fallacy is exemplified by the following statement? If we approve a construction permit for this home, the next thing you know other people will want to build in our valley. Then they will pave new roads and put in gas stations and other businesses. Before you know it, all of our beautiful land will be turned into a parking lot for a giant shopping mall. a. red herring b. slippery slope c. ad hominem d. bandwagon e. either-or

Q: The fallacy of appeal to tradition a. assumes that something old is automatically better than something new. b. assumes that something old is automatically worse than something new. c. shows disrespect for traditional values in reasoning from principle. d. makes comparisons with cases from history that arent essentially similar. e. assumes that because something is popular, it is also good, correct, or desirable.

Q: According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? We have only two choices. We can either adopt a year-round school system or raise a nation of second-rate intellects. a. appeal to novelty b. invalid analogy c. circular generalization d. erroneous principle e. either-or

Q: According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? You can either double the size of the police department or let criminals roam the streets. a. circular deduction b. erroneous principle c. either-or d. false cause e. invalid analogy

Q: According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? Either we all sign organ donor cards or medical facilities will start cloning people just to sell their body parts. a. either-or b. invalid analogy c. hasty deduction d. false principle e. erroneous principle

Q: According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? We must either support the governors plan to reduce spending on education or we will never be able to balance the state budget. a. either-or b. faulty comparison c. circular deduction d. invalid analogy e. bandwagon

Q: A slippery slope fallacy a. assumes that taking a first step will inevitably lead to other steps that cannot be prevented. b. introduces an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the subject under discussion. c. assumes that because something is popular, it is therefore good, correct, or desirable. d. forces listeners to choose between two alternatives when more than two alternatives exist. e. assumes that because two things are related in time, they are causally linked.

Q: According to your textbook, how can you avoid the slippery slope fallacy if you think that taking a first step will lead to disastrous consequences? a. Supplement your argument with strong emotional appeal. b. Use vivid language when describing the consequences. c. Use evidence or reasoning to prove that the consequences will occur. d. all of the above e. a and b only

Q: According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? Councilman Stewarts recommendations for a wind farm might work, but do you want to take advice from a man who was caught cheating on his wife? a. hasty generalization b. post hoc, ergo propter hoc c. either-or d. appeal to novelty e. ad hominem

Q: According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? Of course, Senator Davis opposes serious tax reform. Before going into politics, he was a corporate lawyer who defended several companies that have since been implicated in unethical financial dealings. a. bandwagon b. slippery slope c. ad hominem d. hasty generalization e. invalid analogy

Q: According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? People who say Barbie dolls are bad for girls self-esteem are a bunch of liberal do-gooders who dont want anybody to have fun. a. ad hominem b. hasty generalization c. appeal to novelty d. post hoc, ergo propter hoc e. either-or

Q: According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? Representative Thompsons school proposal may be first rate, but dont forget that she never attended college herself. a. bandwagon b. ad hominem c. hasty generalization d. post hoc, ergo propter hoc e. either-or

Q: According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? Hannah makes a good argument in favor of providing economic benefits for same-sex couples, but what else would you expect from someone who is openly gay? a. invalid analogy b. post hoc, ergo propter hoc c. hasty generalization d. ad hominem e. either-or

Q: According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? People who oppose the governors new welfare program are all a bunch of selfish rich people who dont have any concern for those less fortunate than themselves. a. bandwagon b. invalid analogy c. hasty generalization d. ad hominem e. false cause

Q: According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? What does the mayor know about cutting down on crime? After all, he was accused of shoplifting when he was in college. a. post hoc, ergo propter hoc b. appeal to novelty c. bandwagon d. ad hominem e. hasty generalization

Q: As your textbook explains, the either-or fallacy is often referred to as a(n) a. red herring. b. invalid analogy. c. hasty generalization. d. faulty deduction. e. false dilemma.

Q: An either-or fallacy a. assumes that because two things are related in time, they are causally linked. b. attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute. c. introduces an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the subject under discussion. d. forces listeners to choose between two alternatives when more than two alternatives exist. e. assumes that because something is popular, it is therefore good, correct, or desirable.

Q: According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? We have only two choices. Either we agree to a 25 percent increase in the price of food in the school cafeteria, or well have to close the cafeteria for good. a. circular generalization b. erroneous principle c. invalid analogy d. either-or e. appeal to novelty

Q: According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? The mayors plan to turn the rundown section of the city into a park will never work. Dont forget that she was involved in a scandal last year. a. false deduction b. circular appeal c. appeal to novelty d. either-or e. ad hominem

Q: According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? The mayor was reelected with a large majority and continues to have high popularity in the polls. Clearly, then, he has the correct policy on police-community relations. a. bandwagon b. invalid analogy c. hasty generalization d. ad hominem e. false cause

Q: According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? Everyone runs red lights when theyre in a hurry, so theres no reason I shouldnt do it, too. a. slippery slope b. hasty generalization c. false cause d. either-or e. bandwagon

Q: According to your textbook, a fallacy that introduces an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the subject under discussion is called a a. wild goose. b. false deduction. c. red herring. d. slippery slope. e. fake dilemma.

Q: A red herring fallacy a. assumes that because two things are related in time, they are causally linked. b. forces listeners to choose between two alternatives when more than two alternatives exist. c. assumes that because something is popular, it is therefore good, correct, or desirable. d. introduces an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the subject under discussion. e. assumes that taking a first step will inevitably lead to other steps that cannot be prevented.

Q: According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? How can you worry about cruelty to animals when spousal abuse occurs every day? a. red herring b. ad hominem c. hasty generalization d. either-or e. appeal to tradition

Q: According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? How can we be so concerned about shielding children in the United States from Internet pornography when millions of children around the world continue to be sold into slavery every year? a. either-or b. red herring c. false deduction d. ad hominem e. invalid generalization

Q: According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? Why should we worry about endangered animal species when thousands of people are killed in automobile accidents each year? a. either-or b. red herring c. false deduction d. hasty generalization e. ad hominem

Q: According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? Why should we be concerned about Siberian tigers becoming extinct when there are more and more homeless people who need our support? a. red herring b. ad hominem c. hasty generalization d. slippery slope e. either-or

Q: According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? We are spending too much time talking about regulating the cable TV industry while other countries are beating us in technological development. a. slippery slope b. bandwagon c. either-or d. red herring e. invalid analogy

Q: The fallacy that attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute is referred to as a. personification. b. post hoc, ergo propter hoc. c. red herring. d. ad hominem. e. bandwagon.

Q: The ad hominem fallacy a. attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute. b. assumes that complex events have only a single cause. c. claims that because something is popular, it is therefore correct. d. all of the above. e. b and c only.

Q: According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? There cant be anything wrong with cheating on exams if 75 percent of college students do it. a. red herring b. bandwagon c. slippery slope d. invalid syllogism e. appeal to novelty

Q: According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? Every presidential administration in recent memory has engaged in questionable fundraising activities, so I dont see any reason why it is wrong for the current administration to do so. a. red herring b. bandwagon c. slippery slope d. invalid syllogism e. hasty generalization

Q: According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? Instituting a national sales tax must be a bad idea. Polls show that 66 percent of Americans oppose it. a. invalid syllogism b. appeal to statistics c. red herring d. bandwagon e. slippery slope

Q: According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? The best-tasting cola is obviously Coke. More people buy Coke than any other brand. a. bandwagon b. appeal to loyalty c. invalid syllogism d. appeal to tradition e. either-or

Q: According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? In high school I didnt have to study at all and I earned good grades in all my classes, so Im sure I dont need to study to do well in my college classes. a. either-or b. red herring c. invalid analogy d. hasty deduction e. false cause