Q&A Hero

Q: T F The ethical obligation of an audience to listen to a speaker courteously and attentively is less important in speech class than for speeches outside the classroom.

Q: T F All statements made by a public speaker are protected under the free speech clause of the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

Q: T F It is possible to disagree entirely with a speakers ideas but still support the speakers right to express those ideas.

Q: T F No matter how well intentioned they may be, efforts to protect society by restricting free speech usually end up repressing minority viewpoints and unpopular opinions.

Q: Speechmaking is a form of power and therefore carries with it heavy __________ responsibilities. a. logical b. ethical c. psychological d. emotional e. sociological

Q: As your textbook makes clear, speechmaking carries heavy ethical responsibilities because it is a form of a. power. b. authenticity. c. self-expression. d. communication. e. privilege.

Q: Because speechmaking is a form of power, we must always be sure to speak a. concisely. b. persuasively. c. ethically. d. forcefully. e. consistently.

Q: Which of the following is presented in your textbook as a guideline for ethical speechmaking? a. Be fully prepared for each speech. b. Explain your credibility in the introduction. c. Present your main points in nontechnical language. d. Use visual aids to clarify statistical trends. e. Be alert to feedback from the audience.

Q: As a public speaker, you face ethical issues when a. selecting the topic for your speech. b. researching your speech. c. organizing your speech. d. all of the above. e. a and b only.

Q: T F When you agree with the ideas expressed by an author, it is ethical to use them without giving credit to the source.

Q: T F Incremental plagiarism occurs when a speaker uses quotations or paraphrases without citing the sources of the statements.

Q: T F Just as you need to give credit to the authors of print books and articles that you quote or paraphrase in your speech, you need to give credit to the authors of Internet documents.

Q: T F Because opinions on the Internet are free for anyone to use, it is ethical to use them in your speech without citing your source.

Q: T F When citing an Internet document in a speech, it is usually sufficient to introduce it by saying, As I found on the Internet.

Q: T F Just as public speakers have ethical responsibilities, so too do the people who listen to a speech.

Q: T F As a matter of ethics, audience members should listen attentively to and agree with everything a speaker says.

Q: T F One of the best ways to avoid falling into the trap of plagiarism is to start work on your speeches well before they are due.

Q: T F It is necessary for a public speaker to identify his or her source whether the speaker is paraphrasing or quoting verbatim.

Q: T F It is only necessary to identify your source in a speech when you are quoting directly, rather than paraphrasing.

Q: T F Whenever you quote someone directly in a speech, you must attribute the words to that person.

Q: T F When you paraphrase someone in a speech, you have an ethical responsibility to give that person credit for his or her ideas.

Q: T F When used repeatedly and systematically, name-calling can become a social force that encourages prejudice and can lead to hate crimes.

Q: T F As your textbook explains, the ethical obligation of a speaker to avoid name-calling and other forms of abusive language is essentially a matter of political correctness.

Q: T F Avoiding sexist, racist, and other kinds of abusive language is important primarily as a matter of political correctness.

Q: T F If something is legal, it is also ethical.

Q: T F Name-calling is ethical in public speaking because it is protected by the free speech clause of the Bill of Rights.

Q: T F Public speakers need to take their ethical responsibilities as seriously as their strategic objectives.

Q: T F Because the aim of speechmaking is to secure a desired response from listeners, speakers need to give their strategic objectives priority over their ethical obligations.

Q: T F Unlike writers, public speakers can present other peoples ideas as their own without being guilty of plagiarism.

Q: T F Global plagiarism occurs when a speaker takes material from several different sources and presents it as his or her own.

Q: T F Taking someones entire speech and passing it off as your own is a form of unethical behavior called global plagiarism.

Q: T F Copying passages from a few sources and stringing them together to make a speech is a form of unethical behavior called patchwork plagiarism.

Q: T F As your textbook explains, name-calling is ethically acceptable in public speaking as long as it is used in a humorous way.

Q: T F Name-calling should be avoided in public speaking because it stereotypes and demeans the dignity of the individuals or groups being labeled.

Q: T F The ethical obligation of a speaker to be fully prepared increases as the size of the audience increases.

Q: T F A public speaker need only be concerned about ethics in the conclusion of a speech.

Q: T F The first responsibility of a speaker is to make sure her or his goal is ethically sound.

Q: T F A speakers ethical obligations decrease as the size of the audience decreases.

Q: T F As the Roman rhetorician Quintilian noted 2,000 years ago, the ideal of speechmaking is to persuade the audience by any means necessary.

Q: T F As the Roman rhetorician Quintilian noted 2,000 years ago, the ideal of speechmaking is the good person speaking well.

Q: T F Because persuasion is such a complex process, juggling statistics and quoting out of context to maximize your persuasive effect are ethically acceptable in speeches to persuade.

Q: T F As long as the goal of your speech is ethically sound, it is acceptable to use any means necessary to achieve your goal.

Q: T F Ethical decisions need to be justified against a set of standards or criteria.

Q: T F Sound ethical decisions involve weighing a potential course of action against a set of ethical standards or guidelines.

Q: T F Because ethical decisions are complex, ethical choices are simply a matter of personal preference.

Q: T F As your textbook explains, ethical decisions are essentially a matter of personal whim or opinion.

Q: T F You have an ethical obligation to make sure the information you present in your speeches is accurate.

Q: T F Ethical issues can arise at every stage of the speechmaking process.

Q: The belief that ones own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures is termed _______________ .

Q: Explain two ways in which public speaking and conversation differ, and two ways in which they are similar.

Q: Briefly explain the four skills you use in everyday conversation that are also among the skills required for effective public speaking.

Q: In a brief essay, identify and discuss six methods a public speaker can use to help control stage fright.

Q: Explain the following statement: Because a listeners frame of reference can never be the same as a speakers, the meaning of a message will never be exactly the same to a listener as to a speaker.

Q: Explain the difference between one-way communication and two-way communication.

Q: Identify and briefly explain the seven elements of the speech communication process. Include in your answer a sketch of the complete speech communication model presented in the textbook. Be sure to label each part of the model.

Q: Briefly discuss the impact of cultural diversity on the speechmaking process.

Q: What is ethnocentrism? Why does it often pose a barrier to speakers who are addressing audiences of different racial, cultural, or ethnic background from the speaker? Identify two steps a speaker can take to avoid ethnocentrism in her or his speech.

Q: T F The aim of an ethical speaker is to accomplish his or her goals by any means necessary.

Q: T F Ethics is the branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs.

Q: Because a listeners _______________ can never be exactly the same as a speakers, the meaning of a message will never be exactly the same to a listener as to a speaker.

Q: The messages sent by listeners to a speaker are called _______________ .

Q: _______________ lets you know how your message is being received by your audience.

Q: Concern by a listener about lawn mower noise outside the room, an upcoming test, or a sick relative are all examples of _______________ .

Q: The _______________ is the time and place in which speech communication takes place.

Q: As discussed in your textbook, conversation and public speaking share at least four similarities, including: a. b. c.

Q: What are the three primary differences discussed in your textbook between public speaking and conversation? a. b. c.

Q: When you experience stage fright, your body is producing extra _______________ , a hormone that is released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress.

Q: Mental imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures himself or herself giving a successful presentation is called _______________ .

Q: List five measures you can take to help control your nervousness when giving a speech. a. b. c. d. e.

Q: The _______________ is the means by which a message is communicated.

Q: According to your textbook, a listener anxious about an upcoming exam, worried about a recent argument with a friend, or distracted by cold air in the classroom would be experiencing a. interference. b. situational cues. c. communication apprehension. d. psychological dissonance. e. feedback.

Q: A ringing cell phone or an audience member browsing the Web on her laptop during a speech are examples of which element in the speech communication process? a. channel b. message c. feedback d. interference e. confusion

Q: Someone coughing in the audience or walking in late during a presentation are examples of what element in the speech communication process? a. intrusion b. message c. feedback d. interference e. disturbance

Q: As Benita approached the podium, loud voices from the hallway filled the room. Before beginning her speech, she asked someone in the back of the room to close the door. In this case, Benita was dealing with a. stage fright. b. interference. c. nonverbal communication. d. audience attitudes. e. feedback.

Q: Recognizing that the audience for his graduation speech would be packed into a non-air-conditioned gymnasium during the hottest week of the year, Kane decided to keep his speech at the low end of his 10- to 15-minute time limit. In making this decision, Kane was adapting to which element of the speech communication process? a. location b. feedback c. message d. channel e. situation

Q: Public speakers who seek to communicate with listeners from cultures other than their own need to take special care to avoid __________ in their speeches. a. ethnocentrism b. vocalized pauses c. personal statements d. visual aids e. gestures

Q: The tendency to see the beliefs, values, and customs of ones own culture or group as right or natural is called a. ethnicity. b. egocentrism. c. ethnocentrism. d. exclusivity. e. essentialism.

Q: According to your textbook, the belief that ones own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures is termed a. egocentrism. b. ethnicity. c. ecumenism. d. ethnocentrism. e. exclusivity.

Q: As your textbook explains, ethnocentrism means a. showing respect to other groups and cultures. b. recognizing that listeners are interested in how a topic relates to them. c. believing ones own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures. d. insisting that listeners share a speakers frame of reference. e. agreeing with the values and practices of other groups and cultures.

Q: Sosuke is from Japan and has decided to give his informative speech on Japanese marriage customs. Because he will be getting married back home the next summer, he is very excited about the topic. He is concerned, however, that his classmates, all of whom are from the United States, may think he is saying that marriage traditions in Japan are better than those in the United States. Sosukes concern indicates that he is sensitive to the problem of a. egoism. b. ethical relativism. c. ethnocentrism. d. all of the above. e. a and b only.