Q&A Hero

Q: Of the following statements, which is/are correct? a. slang reflects the use of nonstandard terms b. use of slang marks social or linguistic identity c. slang can be used exclusively by a co-culture d. A and B e. A, B, and C

Q: The idea that language is a dominant influence in shaping one's worldview and perception of reality is commonly known as ____. a. the synergy of language and culture b. the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis c. the many-worlds interpretation d. the perceptual interface e. the linguistic theory of mind

Q: Which of the following is true about the use of the Spanish language in Mexico? a. gendered nouns and pronouns emphasize males b. verb conjunctions in formal and informal speech are indistinguishable c. use of language reflects preference for indirectness d. A and C e. A, B, and C

Q: These fundamental values of Chinese culture are expressed in language: a. collectivism, intra-group harmony, and societal hierarchy b. collectivism, intra-group harmony, societal anarchy c. collectivism, intra-group harmony, reduced emphasis on status d. individualism, state-centeredness, social control e. science, technology, and history

Q: The importance of status is demonstrated through the language use in ____. a. Japan b. Korea c. China d. B and C e. A, B, and C

Q: Which of the following is not correct about the Arabic language? a. among Arabs, it is considered one of their greatest cultural treasures b. linguistic identity tends to transcend ethnic origins and national borders, with a few exceptions c. Arabs see the language as excluding emotional content d. A and C e. A, B, and C

Q: The frequent use of the word 'I' in American conversations reflects: a. ethnocentrism b. the cultural value of the individual c. elitism d. the cultural value of collectivism e. A and C

Q: Explain the benefits of learning a second language. Why should U.S. citizens learn a second language?

Q: The functions of language include: a. social interaction b. social cohesion c. expressions of identity d. A and B e. A, B, and C

Q: Identify the correct term that refers to 'a shared set of symbols or signs that a cooperative group of people has mutually agreed to use to help create meaning.' a. language b. script c. schemata d. communication e. common mindset

Q: Which of the following demonstrates the arbitrary nature of the symbols used in language? a. the word for 'cat' in Spanish is Gato b. the word truth means the same thing in all languages c. the word for 'cat' in German is 'katze' d. A and C e. A, B, and C

Q: Pronunciation differences in the U.S. are due to: a. concerted revision efforts b. early immigrants c. the natural evolution of language d. B and C e. A, B, and C

Q: Differences in spelling between American English and that used in England were the result of ____. a. the natural evolution of language b. a calculated effort c. limited access to dictionaries and other resources in Colonial America' d. simple but repeated errors e. A, C, and D

Q: Identify at least two ways that culture is reflected in the Korean language.

Q: Discuss how Japanese culture is expressed through the Japanese language. Be sure to include examples.

Q: Compare the cultural values expressed in Arabic language to those expressed in the English language. Use examples to demonstrate similarities and differences.

Q: What is the difference between translation and interpretation? What type of translation is most difficult?

Q: Discuss the cultural considerations in interpretation and translation.

Q: List and describe the most important factors to consider when selecting an interpreter or translator.

Q: How has technology, and the Internet in particular, influenced languages in general

Q: Describe each of the five suggestions offered in the text for improving intercultural interactions.

Q: Explain the relationship between language and meaning.

Q: Differentiate between accents and dialects by defining each and providing examples.

Q: What is an argot? How is it related to the concepts of slang and dialect?

Q: How does use of slang mark social or linguistic identity? When is it commonly used?

Q: What are conversational taboos?

Q: Explain the relationship between language and culture.

Q: Provide at least two examples of how culture is expressed through the Spanish language.

Q: How is Chinese culture reflected in the use of the Chinese language?

Q: What recommendations were made to avoid prejudice and racism? How are they similar?

Q: What is ethnocentrism? What impact does it have on intercultural communication?

Q: Discuss each of the three characteristics of ethnocentrism described in the text. Be sure to include the concepts of levels, universality, and contributions to cultural identity.

Q: What recommendations did the authors offer readers to help them avoid ethnocentric tendencies?

Q: List and describe the functions language. Include an example for each.

Q: How does personal identity relate to cyber/fantasy identity? Be sure to define both terms.

Q: Using Phinney's model, explain how someone might develop a cultural identity.

Q: Using Martin and Nakayama's models for minority development, majority development, and biracial development, compare and contrast how cultural identity acquisition works in each case.

Q: List and describe at least two ways in which cultural identity can be enacted. Give a personal example for each.

Q: What is the role of identity in intercultural communication and how has it been impacted by globalization?

Q: What are stereotypes and how do people acquire them?

Q: Explain why stereotypes interfere with intercultural communication. How can we avoid stereotyping?

Q: Define prejudice and provide an example.

Q: Explain the four functions that prejudice may serve and give an example for each one.

Q: Explain the concepts of societal sources, maintaining social identity, and scapegoating as they relate to prejudice.

Q: What is the difference between prejudice and racism? Define each and explain.

Q: To function effectively, a society does not need to have any ethnic pride and loyalty to its unique cultural traditions.

Q: Regardless of culture, everyone is ethnocentric to some degree.

Q: Explain and provide an example of each of the following types of identity: personal, relational, and communal.

Q: Compare and contrast ethnic and racial identity.

Q: Explain the difference between national identity and regional identity using examples.

Q: It is through communication that we are able to express and make known our similarities and dissimilarities to others.

Q: Identity is normally not associated with commemorative events.

Q: Stereotypes are an affliction only of the uneducated and unintelligent.

Q: Stereotypes are learned, not innate.

Q: Stereotypes are resistant to change and once formed, tend to be reinforced rather than reduced through direct contact with the target group.

Q: Flexible stereotyping is less problematic than inflexible stereotyping.

Q: Prejudice amounts to a rational generalization about a category of people.

Q: Prejudice serves no function.

Q: A great deal of prejudice is built into the major organizations and institutions of a society.

Q: Racism is the belief in the inherent superiority of a particular race.

Q: Ethnocentrism, stereotyping, prejudice, and racism are all linked to a "narrow lens."

Q: If you work for General Motors and you think of yourself as a "GM man" or "GM woman," this reflects your organizational identity.

Q: Cyber and fantasy identities don't exist.

Q: Identity development models are not necessarily universally applied to all groups.

Q: Prejudicial attitudes like "I didn't get the promotion because they needed to meet an affirmative action quota" reflect what function of prejudice? a. value-expressive b. utilitarian c. ego-defensive d. knowledge e. reward

Q: The strongest level of expressed prejudice is ____. a. physical attacks b. avoidance c. discrimination d. antilocution e. extermination

Q: When a particular group of people are singled out to bear the blame for certain events or circumstances, this type of prejudice is caused by: a. scapegoating b. societal sources c. maintaining social identity d. reinforcing cultural identity e. C and D

Q: Which of the following is not true about racism? a. racism is only a problem in the U.S. b. racism is on the rise throughout the world c. racism is driven by culture and economics d. racism is driven by psychology and history e. racism has been present throughout history

Q: The notion that one's culture is superior to any other is known as: a. egocentric b. ethnocentrism c. supracentrism d. Hellenism e. transnationalism

Q: What are the levels of ethnocentrism? a. low, moderate, high b. negative, positive, extremely positive c. extremely negative, negative, positive d. negative, extremely negative e. focused, diffused

Q: Ethnocentrism: a. Western countries are the most ethnocentric b. Middle Eastern countries are the most ethnocentric c. Scandinavian countries are the most ethnocentric d. Asian countries are the most ethnocentric e. is common regardless of nationality or geographic location

Q: Identity is important to the study of intercultural communication because it influences expectations about your own and others' social roles.

Q: Societal identity is 'one's sense of belonging to a particular cultural or ethnic group.

Q: Personal identity is what sets you apart from other out-group members and marks you as special or unique.

Q: According to Hall, the three levels of identity that each individual has are personal, relational, and communal.

Q: Racial and ethnic identity are the same thing.

Q: One can have both a national and regional identity at the same time.

Q: Ethnic identity is derived from a sense of shared: a. biological ancestry b. physical characteristics c. history and traditions d. A and B e. B and C

Q: An example of regional identity would be a/n: a. Italian b. Southerner c. American d. Columbian e. German

Q: Which of the following is not a type of identity discussed in the text? a. organizational b. personal c. neurobiological d. cyber e. fantasy