Q&A Hero

Q: Phinney's three stage model of identity acquisition includes: a. unexamined ethnic identity, ethnic identity search, ethnic achievement b. biological inheritance, ethnic identification, ethnic presentation c. ethnic identification, ethnic clarification, ethnic emancipation d. unexamined ethnic identity, examined ethnic identity, insulated ethnic identity e. biological inheritance, unexamined ethnic identity, examined ethnic identity

Q: Martin and Nakayama present this model of cultural identity development: a. minority development b. majority development c. biracial d. A and B e. A, B, and C

Q: The process of creating and recreating cultural identity through communication is referred to as ____. a. conditioning b. embedding c. redacting d. enacting e. morphing

Q: What is the term used to describe 'a cognitive structure containing the perceiver's knowledge, beliefs, and expectancies about some human social groups? a. bigotry b. stereotyping c. prejudice d. schematization e. embedding

Q: Why are stereotypes pervasive? a. human nature is evil b. natural selection c. the world is simply too complex and dynamic to comprehend in detail d. lack of comingled cultures e. C and D

Q: Children learn stereotypes through ____. a. peers b. family c. mass media d. A and B e. A, B, and C

Q: Which of the following is not a reason that stereotypes are problematic for intercultural communication? a. stereotypes provide a framework for understanding another culture b. stereotypes act as a filter c. stereotypes are resistant to change d. A and B e. B and C

Q: The two most important aspects of flexible stereotyping are: a. being open to new information and evidence and being aware of your own zone of comfort b. identifying similarities and being open to applying stereotypes to different groups c. seeking ways to make new information fit preexisting attitudes and an objective orientation d. objectivity and exclusivity e. adaptive intensity and flexhumility

Q: A rigid, irrational generalization about a category of people is also referred to as ____. a. stereotyping b. prejudice c. bigotry d. racism e. ethnocentrism

Q: Prejudice serves all of the following functions except: a. value expressive b. ego-defensive c. knowledge d. ethnic centering e. utilitarian

Q: When prejudicial attitudes provide some benefit to the person that holds them, what functions do they serve? a. ego-defensive b. reward c. utilitarian d. value-expressive e. knowledge

Q: Ethnic identity is derived from a sense of shared: a. biological ancestry b. physical characteristics c. history and traditions d. A and B e. B and C

Q: Explain what is meant by the term 'monumentalism' and contrast that with the concept of flexhumility.

Q: What does your culture tell you about human nature? Give an example of a culture with a different orientation.

Q: Differentiate between the concepts of being, being-in-becoming, and doing.

Q: What do the terms high-context and low-context mean? Provide cultural examples of each.

Q: How did the GLOBE study extend the previous dimensions of culture?

Q: Identify five of the ten GLOBE study cultural dimensions.

Q: What are the major characteristics associated with any five of the following GLOBE societal/geographical groups? a. White Dominant b. Scandinavia c. Central Europe d. Eastern Europe e. Southern Europe f. Africa g. the Middle East h. Central and South America i. Northeast Asia j. South and Southeast Asia

Q: Explain the concepts of face and face-work. How are they manifest in collectivistic and individualistic cultures?

Q: What is meant by high and low-context cultures? Provide an example of a country in which the dominant culture reflects high context and one which reflects low context.

Q: Identity is ____. a. abstract b. unidimensional c. dynamic d. A and C e. A, B, and C

Q: Identity has been defined as: a. a person's self-definition as a separate and distinct individual, included behaviors, attitudes, and beliefs b. the concept of who we are c. in-group and out-group communication d. A and B e. A, B, and C

Q: Perceptions of self that set you apart from other people and life-forms are ____. a. human identities b. societal identities c. personal identities d. identities of separation e. identities of conformation

Q: Social identities can be based on all of the following except: a. demographic categories b. roles c. membership in formal and informal organization d. associations or vocations e. A, B, C, and D

Q: Is the U.S. a high or a low power distance culture? Explain the concepts and justify your answer.

Q: Discuss Hofstede's masculinity/feminity dimension. Provide an example of each.

Q: Humane orientation refers to the degree to which societal and organizational members acquiesce to unequal distribution of power.

Q: Societal collectivism and in-group collectivism are two terms that mean the same thing.

Q: In collectivist cultures, a person's face is usually derived from his or her own self-effort.

Q: What is perception? Explain the characteristics of perception.

Q: Define values and provide at least two intercultural examples.

Q: Explain what is meant by the term 'cultural patterns.' What caveats to the term do the authors present?

Q: List and explain at least six of the thirteen values identified by Kohls as "The Values Americans live by."

Q: Explain how contradictions in the value of equality/egalitarianism explained in U.S. culture?

Q: Identify and explain three common U.S. phrases that reflect the American value of directness, openness, and honesty.

Q: Compare and contrast Hofstede's concepts of individualism and collectivism.

Q: What is uncertainty avoidance? Provide an example of a culture that has high uncertainty avoidance and one that has low uncertainty avoidance.

Q: Confucianism and Buddhism support the notion that human nature is good.

Q: Chinese culture has a strong focus on the present time orientation.

Q: Most Latino cultures consider the current activity as the one that matters the most.

Q: High-context cultures tend to convey meaning through status and informal friends and associates.

Q: For low-context cultures, the verbal message contains most of the information and very little is embedded in the context or the person's nonverbal activity.

Q: Collectivism in the United States is seen in the expectation that employees will change jobs in order to advance their careers.

Q: Countries ranked highest for individualism include Venezuela, Panama, Ecuador, and Guatemala.

Q: Japan is a low uncertainty culture with many formal social protocols that help to predict how people will behave in almost every social interaction.

Q: Countries whose cultures reflect a comfort with uncertainty (low uncertainty avoidance) include Greece, Portugal, and Guatemala.

Q: Cultures with high power distance emphasize status differences.

Q: The United States is among the top five countries for high power distance.

Q: A society is called feminine when emotional gender roles overlap both men and women are expected to be modest, tender, and concerned with quality of life.

Q: The indulgence/restraint dimension reflects a cultures orientation toward disciplining the young.

Q: Flexhumility cultures place less value on education than monumentalist ones.

Q: According to Kohls, the U.S. values tradition over change.

Q: Cultures that promote interdependency and cooperation take a negative view of intra-group competition.

Q: The American preference for a large selection of material items to choose from is illustrated by typical supermarkets, and the number of choices at Subway.

Q: Individual orientation vs. group orientation is thought of as one of the basic pattern variables that determine human action.

Q: Perception is learned because once you perceive something in a particular way, that interpretation does not usually change.

Q: Perception is inaccurate because you view the world through a subjective lens influenced by culture, values, and personal experiences which tend to make you see what you want/expect to see.

Q: Cultural patterns are integrated and can be contradictory.

Q: According to Minkov, which of the following is associated with flexhumility? a. self-pride b. holistic cognition c. religion is important d. lower value on education e. suicide taboo

Q: Monumentalism within a culture, according to Minkov, indicates that members believe ____. a. self-concept is flexible b. interpersonal competition is encouraged c. truth is relative d. education is highly valued e. A, B, C, and D

Q: Identify which of the following is not among the five universal questions for cultures, according to Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck. a. what is the character of human nature? b. what is the relation of humankind to nature? c. what is the value of wealth? d. what is the relationship of people to each other? e. what is the value placed on time?

Q: The human nature orientation of a culture reflects the general belief ____. a. that humans are intrinsically evil b. that humans are intrinsically good c. that humans are a mixture of good and evil d. A, B, and C e. that good and evil have no meaning

Q: In terms of the person/nature orientation, Western cultures traditionally view: a. humans as subject to nature b. humans in harmony with nature c. humans as natures' providers d. humans as master of nature e. nature as humans' provider

Q: What time orientation do most Americans in the United States favor? a. past b. future c. present d. linearity e. polychromic

Q: The activity orientation of being-in-becoming ____. a. is evident in most Latino cultures b. reflects value of spiritual over material life c. is reflective of the dominant U.S. culture d. stresses development and growth e. B and D

Q: Low context cultures include all of the following except: a. German b. North American c. Native American d. English e. French

Q: The GLOBE Study differentiated between two types of collectivism: a. in-group and societal b. in-group and out-group c. ethnic and inter-ethnic d. local and national e. selective and exhaustive

Q: The following countries belong in same societal group, according to the GLOBE study. a. Canada, England, United States b. Finland, Sweden, Denmark c. Turkey, Egypt, Kuwait d. China, Japan, Taiwan e. A, B, C, and D

Q: a. a superficial view of someone b. how you are perceived by others c. the self-image you want to project d. A and C e. B and C ANS: E PTS: 1 REF: p. 208-209

Q: The extent to which members of a culture feel threatened by ambiguous and unknown situations is referred to as ____. a. uncertainty avoidance b. tolerance for ambiguity c. equivocality d. ethnocentricity e. neoplasticity

Q: A high power distance culture ____. a. holds that inequality should be minimized b. believes superiors and subordinates should consider themselves equals c. believe that people are not equal but that everyone has a 'rightful place' d. powerful try to appear less powerful e. A, B, C, and D

Q: In masculine-oriented cultures, women are supposed to be: a. men should be assertive, tough, and focused b. women should be assertive, tough, and focused c. women should be modest, tender, and concerned with quality of life d. A and C e. A and B

Q: Cultures that foster virtues oriented toward future rewards in particular, perseverance and thrift, reflect what Hofstede called a ____. a. short term orientation b. future bias c. long term orientation d. future-oriented e. past progressive

Q: The World Values Survey defined ____ as 'a tendency to allow relatively free gratification of basic and natural human desires related to enjoying life and having fun.' a. indulgent b. hedonistic c. opportunistic d. restrained e. secular

Q: Perception is considered selective because ____. a. there are too many stimuli competing for the attention of your senses b. life's lessons teach you to see the world in a particular way c. culture teaches you the meaning of most of your experiences d. once you perceive something in a particular manner that interpretation does not usually change

Q: Because we view the world through a subjective lens influenced by a number of variables, perception is considered: a. selective b. learned c. inaccurate d. consistent e. culturally determined

Q: Values are important because they inform societies about ____. a. what is good or bad b. what is worth dying for c. how people should treat each other d. what is worth protecting e. A, B, C, and D

Q: Which of the following is not one of the thirteen American values identified by Kohls? a. personal control over the environment b. formality c. competition d. self-help e. practicality/efficiency

Q: Optimism and emphasis on the future reflect which of Kohls American values? a. idealism b. individualism c. time and its control d. change e. privacy