Q&A Hero

Q: Define and briefly explain the terms logos, pathos, and ethos.

Q: Describe two ways in which a speaker can demonstrate to the audience that he or she is an ethical speaker.

Q: Explain the persuasive speaker's objective of limiting the audience's alternatives.

Q: Explain the difference between informative and persuasive speeches.

Q: How does persuasive speaking ability contribute to a healthy democracy?

Q: The principles of _____ theory can help you plan a persuasive speech in which the specific purpose is to target behavior. A) elaboration likelihood B) consequence C) hierarchy D) expectancy value

Q: Which theory suggests that an individual will consider what a close friend or family member will think when making important decisions? A) elaboration likelihood theory B) consequence theory C) hierarchy theory D) expectancy value theory

Q: If a speaker possesses expertise, he or she A) is a world authority on the speech topic. B) has enough knowledge and experience to help the audience understand the speech topic. C) has the same attitudes and moral character as the audience. D) can often overwhelm an audience.

Q: The audience's perceptions of expertise, trustworthiness, and speaker similarity comprise speaker A) expertise. B) credibility. C) ethos. D) persuasiveness.

Q: Although the audience did not pay close attention to Marletta's speech message, they were influenced by her stylish attire and her reputation as a local television reporter. According to the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion (ELM), which of the following swayed the audience to think positively about Marletta? A) central processing B) marginal processing C) peripheral processing D) diffusive processing

Q: According to the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion (ELM), more long-lasting changes in audience perspectives occur if listeners process the speech message A) centrally. B) peripherally. C) favorably. D) diffusively.

Q: In his persuasive talk for teenagers at an inner-city community center, Tomas encouraged his audience to attend his upcoming workshop on applying and paying for college. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which need did Tomas appeal to? A) physiological B) social C) safety D) self-actualization

Q: Jerry gave a persuasive speech that attempted to convince his classmates to take a self-defense course. According to Maslow, this speech appealed to which basic need? A) physiological B) safety C) social D) self-esteem

Q: In her persuasive speech about how dental hygiene can affect other aspects of health, Marisa provided the audience with convincing information because of her knowledge and experience as a dental hygienist. Marisa employed which type of appeal? A) logos B) ethos C) pathos D) credos

Q: A persuasive appeal by emotion is termed A) logos. B) ethos. C) pathos. D) credos.

Q: A person who relies heavily on irrelevant emotional appeals to short-circuit the listeners' rational decision-making process is called a(n) A) ethical speaker. B) demagogue. C) docugandist. D) propagandist.

Q: According to Aristotle, persuasive appeals consist of A) logos, pathos, and ethos. B) logos, mythos, and ethos. C) logos, pathos, and mythos. D) logos, ethos, and credos.

Q: A speaker is more likely to persuade audience members whose position differs _______ from the speaker's. A) totally B) moderately C) drastically D) ethically

Q: Audience members will assign speakers more or less credibility based on their actual message, including the quality of evidence and the skill with which the speech is delivered. This is called _____ credibility. A) initial B) derived C) terminal D) expert

Q: A persuasive speech A) attempts to change people's attitudes, values, beliefs, or behavior. B) capitalizes on the fears and dreams of the audience. C) may aim to weaken beliefs about a certain controversy. D) aims to force listeners to change attitudes and beliefs to more closely match the speaker's own.

Q: One way speakers can encourage listeners to engage in central rather than peripheral processing is to demonstrate common bonds (foster identification). A) True B) False

Q: Ending abruptly, without a good summation, and hurrying away from the venue will negatively impact terminal credibility. A) True B) False

Q: Listeners engaged in peripheral processing pay extra-special attention to messages, and consider them relevant to their own lives. A) True B) False

Q: Speaker similarity involves listeners' perceptions of how similar the speaker is to themselves, especially in terms of attitudes and moral character. A) True B) False

Q: Speaker credibility includes expertise, trustworthiness, and speaker similarity. A) True B) False

Q: Central processing occurs when listeners are motivated and able to think critically about the content of a speaker's message. A) True B) False

Q: The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion (ELM) maintains that people consciously evaluate the potential costs and benefits associated with taking a particular action. A) True B) False

Q: The highest level in Maslow's hierarchy is self-esteem needs. A) True B) False

Q: Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a set of seven basic human needs. A) True B) False

Q: One element of an ethos-based appeal is the speaker's moral character. A) True B) False

Q: Narratives (storytelling) are not recommended in persuasive speeches because they usually lack seriousness. A) True B) False

Q: Speakers who employ propaganda aim to manipulate an audience's emotions for the purpose of promoting a belief system or dogma. A) True B) False

Q: An appeal that deliberately arouses fear or anxiety in the audience has no legitimate place in public speaking. A) True B) False

Q: Demogagues and propagandists use pathos in an unethical manner. A) True B) False

Q: Pathos involves the appeal to audience emotion. A) True B) False

Q: A proof is a stated position, with support, for or against an idea or issue. A) True B) False

Q: Persuasive appeals based on reasoning are termed logos. A) True B) False

Q: According to Aristotle, persuasive appeals consist of logos, ethos, and mythos. A) True B) False

Q: To be persuaded to change, listeners must be convinced that they will somehow be rewarded. A) True B) False

Q: A speaker is less likely to persuade audience members whose position differs only moderately from the speaker's. A) True B) False

Q: The persuader who seeks only minor changes is usually more successful at achieving them than the speaker who seeks major changes. A) True B) False

Q: Derived credibility describes the totality of the audience's impressions of the speaker. A) True B) False

Q: Reputation factors into a speaker's initial credibility. A) True B) False

Q: Audiences rarely respond immediately to a persuasive appeal. A) True B) False

Q: The ethical persuasive speaker respects audience members' choices. A) True B) False

Q: The persuasive speaker's objective is to limit the audience's alternatives to the side the speaker represents by ignoring the unfavorable alternatives. A) True B) False

Q: In ancient Greece and Rome, persuasion was known as rhetoric. A) True B) False

Q: The ability to speak persuasively ensures a healthy democracy. A) True B) False

Q: The general goal of persuasive speaking is to influence, advocate, or ask listeners to accept the speaker's point of view. A) True B) False

Q: ______ learners learn best by experiencing information directly, through real-life demonstrations, simulations, and hands-on experience. A) Kinesthetic B) Read/write C) Visual D) Aural

Q: _____ learners are most comfortable processing information that is text-based. A) Kinesthetic B) Read/write C) Visual D) Aural

Q: A speaker who uses pictures and diagrams will appeal most to _____ learners. A) visual B) kinesthetic C) aural D) read/write

Q: Audience members will understand a new concept more easily if the speaker uses a(n) ___________ to link the unfamiliar with the familiar. A) demonstration B) analogy C) internal preview D) backstory

Q: A definition by word origin is called A) definition by synonym. B) operational definition. C) definition by etymology. D) definition by negation.

Q: Defining one term by comparing it to another term that has an equivalent meaning is called A) definition by synonym. B) operational definition. C) definition by etymology. D) definition by analogy.

Q: Which type of informative speech relies on reportage and backstory? A) speeches about processes B) speeches about concepts C) speeches about events D) speeches about demonstration

Q: Speeches about ______ focus on abstract or complex ideas and attempt to make them concrete and understandable. A) concepts B) issues C) objects or phenomena D) processes

Q: Informative speeches about _____ have the greatest potential to cross over into the persuasive realm. A) events B) concepts C) issues D) processes

Q: Speeches about ______ present a matter in dispute in order to raise awareness and deepen understanding. A) concepts B) issues C) objects or phenomena D) processes

Q: Speeches about ______ refer to a series of steps that lead to a finished product or end result. A) people B) events C) objects or phenomena D) processes

Q: A speech on September 11, 2001, is which type of informative speech? A) a speech about a process B) a speech about an issue C) a speech about a concept D) a speech about an event

Q: Speeches about ______ can be autobiographical. A) people B) events C) objects or phenomena D) processes

Q: Speeches about ______ explore anything that is not human. A) things B) events C) objects or phenomena D) processes

Q: An account of the who, what, where, when, and why of the facts is called A) an explanation. B) a description. C) journalism. D) reportage.

Q: The goal of informative speaking is A) to decrease audience frustration and boredom. B) to influence attitudes, values, beliefs, and behaviors. C) to increase audience awareness or deepen understanding. D) to entertain audience members.

Q: An informative speech might introduce listeners to A) traditional topics. B) novel ways of thinking. C) foundational insights on familiar subjects. D) various ways to take action.

Q: Informative speeches can be organized using the topical, chronological, spatial, cause-effect, comparative advantage, or narrative patterns. A) True B) False

Q: According to one learning theory model, simulation would be more valuable to kinesthetic learners than aural learners. A) True B) False

Q: Speakers do not always have enough information to determine the learning styles of their audience members, so they should plan to accommodate all four learning styles. A) True B) False

Q: In order to appeal to different audience members, a speaker should consider four learning styles: visual learners, aural learners, read/write learners, and kinesthetic learners. A) True B) False

Q: Speeches about processes rely on reportage. A) True B) False

Q: The challenge speakers face when they use analogies is finding one that perfectly represents the topic concept. A) True B) False

Q: A classroom lecture is an example of an explanation in an informative context. A) True B) False

Q: Speeches that rely on demonstration often work with the actual object, models of it, or visual aids that diagram it. A) True B) False

Q: When describing information, the speaker should always use visual aids, as words alone cannot provide an accurate mental picture. A) True B) False

Q: Etymology is a term for the comparison of a word with its opposite. A) True B) False

Q: Definition by synonym defines the topic by providing several concrete examples. A) True B) False

Q: Definition by etymology defines the topic by explaining what it is not. A) True B) False

Q: Operational definitions define the topic by explaining what it does. A) True B) False

Q: Speakers should be careful to define all key terms in an informative speech, no matter how familiar they seem. A) True B) False