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Speech
Q:
A book about the lives of women pioneers in the old West is a part of _____ histories.
a. national
b. gender
c. political
d. social
Q:
Histories which are often not written down but passed orally from one generation to another are known as _____ histories.
a. family
b. national
c. political
d. social
Q:
Jeff has a sword that was used by his great-granduncle Frederick in the Civil War. When his father gave him the sword, he also told Jeff the story of how Frederick died in the arms of his sweetheart who tracked him down in a makeshift Army hospital. The history represented by Jeff's sword is part of _____ histories.
a. national
b. religious
c. social
d. family
Q:
The history of Muslim immigrants to the United States and their settlement in the Midwest constitutes _____ histories.
a. national
b. religious
c. social
d. family
Q:
Charlene's family did not migrate to the United States until the late 1800s. Still, Charlene is very familiar with the story of Abraham Lincoln's boyhood. Charlene has learned about _____ histories.
a. national
b. cultural group
c. social
d. family
Q:
Histories not typically included in national history but which explain current demographic and sometimes economic conditions of particular groups are known as _____ histories.
a. personal
b. cultural-group
c. social
d. sexual orientation
Q:
In the context of intercultural communication, the historical experiences of gays and lesbians are recorded as:
a. sexual-orientation histories.
b. gender histories.
c. racial and ethnic histories.
d. social histories.
Q:
People with a long-term value orientation are concerned with possessing the truth, focusing on quick results in endeavors, and recognizing social pressure to conform.
Q:
Identify, discuss, and provide examples of the three possible relationships between humans and nature according to Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck.
Q:
Compare and contrast the individualist and the collectivist orientations toward relationships between humans.
Q:
Identify and discuss two ways in which communication reinforces culture.
Q:
Groups with the most power determine what the acceptable communication system of an entire society will be.
Q:
People of different ages, genders, physical abilities, or sexual orientations have relatively equal access to power in the United States.
Q:
People tend to communicate the same way regardless of the setting or the people with whom they are speaking.
Q:
People who value quality of life, service to others, and support for the unfortunate tend to have a masculine value orientation.
Q:
A culture whose members believe that less hierarchy is better and that power should be used only for legitimate purposes tends to have a low power distance orientation.
Q:
Great Britain, Hong Kong, and the United States have low levels of uncertainty avoidance.
Q:
Forces that attempt to change or retain existing social structures contribute to the political context.
Q:
Most people in the United States believe that man is essentially evil because we are interested not in rehabilitation, but in punishment of criminal offenders.
Q:
The most common form of activity in the United States seems to involve a "doing" orientation.
Q:
The interpretive perspective on communication emphasizes that the process by which we negotiate meaning is static.
Q:
Researchers Florence Kluckhohn and Fred Strodtbeck emphasized the centrality of cultural values in understanding cultural groups.
Q:
Preferred personality refers to the importance or meaning that most members of a cultural group attach to a communication activity.
Q:
_____ is a specialized area of study whereby interpretive scholars analyze verbal and nonverbal activities that have symbolic significance for the members of cultural groups to understand the rules and patterns followed by the groups.
a. Phenomenology
b. Pragmatics
c. Conversational analysis
d. Ethnography of communication
Q:
Interpretive scholars view culture as shared and learned and tend to focus on the:
a. often conflictual nature of cultural boundaries.
b. contextual patterns of communication behavior.
c. role of perception in cultural patterns.
d. heterogeneity of cultural groups.
Q:
In the context of the role of perception in cultural patterns, in contrast to Asians, North European cultural groups:
a. lay heavy emphasis on sensory information and feeling.
b. use more description and physical metaphors to capture their perceptions.
c. tend to be more abstract, stressing coherent explanation.
d. emphasize action-oriented procedures.
Q:
People in collectivist societies tend to value direct communication and active conflict resolution styles in order to maintain the group.
Q:
Carmen would rather spend time interacting and relaxing with friends than working. In fact, she recently turned down a promotion because it would mean she would see her family and friends less. Carmen probably grew up in a culture with a _____ value orientation toward human activity.
a. doing
b. puritan
c. growing
d. being
Q:
Shauna, age 27, has started to put money into an IRA. She doesn't plan to use this money until she retires. Shauna probably lives in a culture with a _____ orientation toward time.
a. future
b. past
c. present
d. financial
Q:
The extent to which less powerful members of a society expect and accept power is known as _____.
a. masculinityfemininity
b. uncertainty avoidance
c. power distance
d. long-term orientation to life
Q:
Many people in Central America have a preference for gender-specific roles (e.g., men should be primary bread winners and women are responsible for the family). They probably have a(n) _____ value orientation.
a. power distance
b. uncertainty avoidance
c. masculine
d. feminine
Q:
The degree to which people feel threatened by ambiguous situations and try to ensure certainty by establishing more structure is referred to as _____.
a. power distance
b. uncertainty avoidance
c. masculinity
d. femininity
Q:
Cultures whose members participate in religions like Hinduism and Buddhism, which emphasize virtue, tenacity, and perseverance, have a _____ orientation toward life.
a. long-term
b. feminine
c. short-term
d. masculine
Q:
Jeremy is always polite and courteous to his instructors at school but tends to be a bit rowdy with his friends at a party. This difference in Jeremy's communication illustrates the importance of _____ in determining behavior and communication.
a. power distance
b. context
c. rituals
d. ethnocentrism
Q:
Our sense of familiarity and comfort within our own cultures is known as _____.
a. uncertainty avoidance
b. embodied ethnocentrism
c. symbolic significance
d. preferred personality
Q:
_____ refers to acting or presenting oneself in a specific way so as to accomplish some goal.
a. Symbolic significance
b. Indulgence
c. Preferred personality
d. Performative
Q:
A research method where writers examine their own life experiences to discover broader cultural insights is known as:
a. frame analysis.
b. phenomenography.
c. autoethnography.
d. hermeneutics.
Q:
_____ is a cultural variability dimension that reflects a subjective feeling of happiness.
a. Indulgence versus restraint
b. Long-term versus short-term orientation
c. Masculinityfemininity value
d. Uncertainty avoidance
Q:
Societies that are more likely to punish criminals than rehabilitate them probably see human nature as _____.
a. innate
b. basically good
c. a combination of good and evil
d. essentially evil
Q:
Which relationship between humans and nature is illustrated by societies which place less emphasis on birth control and tend not to interfere with rivers by building dams?
a. domination of nature over humans
b. humans living in harmony with nature
c. humans dominate nature
d. low access to technology
Q:
Kyle doesn't understand why people in some countries don't make greater use of agricultural technology and why, if they have large populations, more people don't practice birth control. Kyle probably lives in a society with a _____ orientation.
a. domination of nature over humans
b. humans living in harmony with nature
c. humans dominate nature
d. technological
Q:
The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis suggests that cultures vary in the meanings they assign to nonverbal behaviors.
Q:
Many Guatemalans place great emphasis on extended families and are more likely to consult with family members when making important decisions. This culture most likely represents a(n) _____ society.
a. individualist
b. collectivist
c. feminine
d. masculine
Q:
The learned pattern of perception, values, and behaviors shared by a group of people is known as _____.
a. stereotyping
b. perception
c. culture
d. heterogeneity
Q:
A culture that values being productive and keeping busy tends to have a _____ orientation to human activity.
a. doing
b. puritan
c. growing
d. being
Q:
The ways in which a culture judges good or bad, or right or wrong are often determined by _____.
a. stereotypes
b. values
c. perceptions
d. beliefs
Q:
Collectively, the values and perceptions of a cultural group represent its _____.
a. worldview
b. history
c. communication patterns
d. beliefs
Q:
White Americans think that there is greater equality between races than do African Americans. This difference between cultural groups illustrates that _____.
a. culture is a group-related perception
b. culture is expressed as behavior
c. culture is dynamic
d. culture involves power
Q:
The idea that not all members of a particular group will behave or think in the same way illustrates that _____.
a. culture is shared
b. culture is expressed as behavior
c. culture is heterogeneous
d. culture involves power
Q:
Many Native American students are soft spoken and hesitate to participate in classroom discussions. Amy, however, is a Native American who actively participates in class and often asks questions to her instructors. Amy's behavior illustrates that _____.
a. culture is shared
b. culture is expressed as behavior
c. culture is dynamic
d. culture is heterogeneous
Q:
The symbolic process whereby reality is produced, maintained, repaired, and transformed is known as _____.
a. culture
b. power
c. communication
d. language
Q:
The fact that Berta uses her chin instead of her finger to point at an object across the room illustrates that communication is _____.
a. dynamic
b. unintentional
c. receiver oriented
d. symbolic
Q:
An "easy" class or quiz can mean different things to different people. This illustrates that communication is:
a. sharing and negotiating meaning.
b. unintentional.
c. receiver oriented.
d. symbolic.
Q:
The idea that we are constantly sending and receiving messages which may change midstream illustrates that communication is _____.
a. sharing and negotiating meaning
b. unintentional
c. dynamic
d. symbolic
Q:
Jeff accidentally insulted the parents of his roommate Mohammed by putting his feet up on the desk when they were visiting their dorm room. Jeff's behavior (and subsequent apology) illustrates that communication can be _____.
a. dynamic
b. unintentional
c. receiver oriented
d. symbolic
Q:
Daniel offended a classmate by trying to help her with her books. She told him he was sexist and that he should quit patronizing her. In trying to be helpful, Daniel has illustrated that communication is _____.
a. sharing and negotiating meaning
b. unintentional
c. receiver oriented
d. dynamic
Q:
Researchers are able to prevent their own cultural biases from affecting their intercultural research.
Q:
Worldviews have little influence on the approach researchers take to studying intercultural communication.
Q:
One contribution of anthropologists to the study of intercultural communication is an understanding of the role of culture in our lives.
Q:
The strength of the interpretive approach to studying intercultural communication is that it provides an in-depth understanding of communication patterns in particular cultural communities.
Q:
The training that is meant to facilitate intercultural communication among various gender, ethnic, and racial groups in the United States is called cross-cultural training.
Q:
Early intercultural communication research was dictated by the needs of middle-class U.S. professionals conducting business overseas.
Q:
Experiences of the U.S. government and business personnel working overseas after World War II suggest that language training alone is a sufficient form of preparation for working in foreign countries.
Q:
The social science, interpretive, and critical perspectives to studying intercultural communication are contradictory and cannot be connected in ways that help us better understand social reality.
Q:
The assumption that language shapes our ideas and guides our view of social reality is called the Gudykunst hypothesis.
Q:
The dialectical perspective to intercultural communication research and practice suggests that people are either privileged or disadvantaged depending on the culture to which they belong.
Q:
The goal of researchers who study human behavior from the interpretive perspective is to explain and predict human behavior.
Q:
The ability to behave effectively and appropriately when interacting across cultures is called intercultural competence.
Q:
Interdisciplinary means integrating knowledge from different areas of study in conducting research and constructing theory.
Q:
The _____, developed by communication scholar Everett Rogers, explains how cultural practices can be changedlargely due to communication.
a. diffusion of innovations theory
b. face negotiation theory
c. communication accommodation theory
d. conversational constraints theory
Q:
anthropology
Q:
psychology
Q:
linguistics
Q:
The interpretive perspective assumes the existence of an external reality that can be described by researchers.
Q:
Hall suggests that different cultural groups have different rules for personal space and that these affect intercultural communication.
Q:
Which of the following is an example of emic research?
a. researching the communication strategies people in India use to show respect
b. researching the differences in the management styles of Japanese and German managers
c. researching how emotions are understood cross-culturally
d. researching similarities in the child-rearing styles of Samoan and Tongan mothers
Q:
Which of the following is true of Asante's notion of Afrocentricity?
a. All scholarly studies in communication should be based on African instead of European research perspectives.
b. People of African descent value nature over human beings.
c. People of African descent value communalism.
d. Descriptions of the communication rules of given people must be grounded in the beliefs and values of that particular group.
Q:
Researchers who assume that their research can help people resist forces of power and oppression represent the _____ approach to studying intercultural communication.
a. social science
b. interpretive approach
c. functionalist approach
d. critical approach
Q:
An intellectual, political, and cultural movement calling for the independence of colonized states is:
a. accommodation.
b. postcolonialism.
c. paradigm.
d. processual.
Q:
If we attempted to study intercultural communication without considering the perspective of the critical approach, we would miss:
a. understanding how specific cultural differences might predict communication outcomes.
b. the role of history in our present intercultural interactions.
c. the knowledge about specific behaviors in a culture that should be used to show respect.
d. an understanding of how the cultural patterns of a specific culture reflect cultural values.