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Speech
Q:
The vividness effect is the tendency of dramatic, shocking events to distort our perceptions of reality.
Q:
Listening nonjudgmentally is important for effective critical listening.
Q:
Pick three of the six elements of Brownells model. Define and give examples of each.
Q:
Which of the following statements is true about being skeptical?
a. It is the same as being cynical.
b. It is about evaluating the evidence for a claim.
c. It is about finding fault with a claim.
d. It harms a listeners credibility.
Q:
Which of the following statements about credibility is FALSE?
a. Credibility is a measure of how reliable and trustworthy someone is.
b. Experience and expertise are the same thing.
c. Biases can affect a speakers credibility.
d. Sometimes research is necessary to determine someones credibility.
Q:
Regarding probability, which of the following statements is true?
a. A statement is certain if its likelihood of being true is at least 95%.
b. To be possible, a statement has to have greater than a 50% chance of being true.
c. A statement is possible if there is even the slightest chance, however small, that it might be true.
d. No statement has a 0% chance of being true.
Q:
Which of the following techniques will NOT help people improve their empathic skills? a. listening non-judgmentally to the speaker b. acknowledging the speakers feelings c. encouraging the speaker to focus on what he or she still has, instead of what was lost d. communicating support to the speaker nonverbally
Q:
Hearing is a passive process; listening is an active process.
Q:
Research indicates that most people spend more time talking than listening.
Q:
Which form of listening occurs when you are trying to experience what another person is thinking or feeling?
a. critical
b. empathic
c. informational
d. passive
Q:
The evaluation stage of listening involves making a value judgment about the merits of what someone else has said.
Q:
We engage in which form of listening when our goal is to evaluate or analyze what were hearing?
a. informational
b. analytical
c. critical
d. empathic
Q:
Which type of listener engages messages for the intellectual challenges; in other words, he or she likes to think things through?
a. content-oriented listener
b. action-oriented listener
c. information-oriented listener
d. intellectual-oriented listener
Q:
According to your text, which of the following could qualify as noise?
a. loud music
b. feeling hungry
c. being too hot
d. all of these
Q:
Rachel finished her oral exam in her Spanish class, and her teacher Seora Lopez evaluated her performance. Although Rachel did well on the exam, and most of Seora Lopezs comments were positive, Rachel focused only on the negative critiques and felt very bad about her performance. Rachel just engaged in which of the following behaviors?
a. pseudolistening
b. content-oriented listening
c. selective attention
d. negative attention bias
Q:
According to your textbook, people might interrupt for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
a. to qualify a speakers concerns.
b. to take control of the conversation.
c. to express enthusiasm for what the speaker is saying.
d. to stop the speaker and ask for clarification.
Q:
How is pseudolistening related to glazing over?
a. They are the same thing.
b. Youre actually listening during glazing over, but not during pseudolistening.
c. Youre actually listening during pseudolistening, but not during glazing over.
d. Glazing over involves pretending to listen, but pseudolistening does not.
Q:
Dan is an atheist who has a keen interest in politics. Whenever Dan is watching a debate and one of the candidates mentions his or her belief or interest in God, Dan stops listening to that candidate. Sometimes, hell even change his vote if a candidate he likes mentions God too frequently. Which of the following listening barriers describes Dan?
a. rebuttal tendency
b. closed-mindedness
c. attack listening
d. information overload
Q:
Asking follow-up questions to confirm our interpretations of someone elses statements is a strategy for
a. separating what is said from what isnt said.
b. avoiding the vividness effect.
c. minimizing the effect of a confirmation bias.
d. evaluating the speakers credibility.
Q:
The tendency to pay attention only to information that supports our values and beliefs is called what?
a. vividness effect
b. mere exposure effect
c. valuation bias
d. confirmation bias
Q:
After a lengthy meeting with the boss and several of his coworkers, Alex asked his friend Jeff if he was concerned about the number of layoffs that his boss said were coming. Jeff looked puzzled for a moment before telling Alex that he wasnt sure when exactly their boss had said to expect layoffs. That exchange reflects which of the following myths of listening?
a. All listeners hear the same thing.
b. Listening is natural and effortless.
c. Hearing is the same as listening.
d. People vividly recall information that they hear.
Q:
In the HURIER model of effective listening, the I stands for what?
a. internal thoughts
b. interviewing
c. interpreting
d. intellect
Q:
On average, we are able to remember about ________ of what we hear.
a. 95%
b. 75%
c. 50%
d. 25%
Q:
A(n) ________ device is a memory aid that helps people recall important information.
a. memory enhancement
b. mnemonic
c. recall
d. alliteration
Q:
According to your text, which of the following statements correctly represents the two parts of interpretation?
a. Focus on the subjective meaning of the speakers message; and gauge the truthfulness of his or her claim.
b. Understand the point of view the speaker represents; and assign a mental interpretation of his or her statement based on that understanding.
c. Pay attention to all of the speakers verbal and nonverbal messages; and signal your interpretation back to the speaker.
d. Interpret the speakers message carefully; and remember your interpretation for future interactions with the speaker.
Q:
Which type of listening response includes the use of head nods, facial expressions, and short utterances such as uh-huh that signal your interest to the speaker?
a. pseudolistening
b. engaging
c. supporting
d. backchanneling
Q:
Think about the layout of your home. What do the objects, colors, decorations, and furnishings in your home say about you? In a brief essay, walk through your home and describe important items that say something about the image of you they reflect. Make sure to incorporate ideas and concepts about artifacts and space from the class and/or text.
Q:
Imagine that you are giving advice to a friend who is interested in someone else (that you both know) as a potential romantic partner. Give this friend some guidance about nonverbal behaviors in romantic relationships. Specifically, what behaviors should your friend focus on to determine if the other person is romantically interested in him or her? Likewise, what behaviors should your friend engage in to signal that he or she is romantically interested? What behaviors (if any) should your friend avoid when talking to his or her prospective love interest?
Q:
During a phone conversation, you are able to infer something about the speakers mood and personality by listening to his or her vocal cues. This fact illustrates which of the following claims about nonverbal communication?
a. Nonverbal communication is usually believed over verbal communication.
b. Nonverbal communication is present in most forms of interpersonal communication.
c. Nonverbal communication conveys more meaning than verbal communication.
d. Nonverbal communication metacommunicates.
Q:
Which of the following vocal behaviors is a dimension of nonverbal communication?
a. tone of voice
b. rate of speech
c. loudness
d. all of these
Q:
Contemporary research suggests that approximately what percentage of meaning is transmitted nonverbally?
a. 3035%
b. 4550%
c. 6570%
d. 9095%
Q:
Why do people tend to believe nonverbal messages even when they contradict verbal messages?
a. Nonverbal behaviors are completely involuntary and reflect peoples true states.
b. People will only attempt to control their nonverbal behavior when they are lying.
c. It is harder for most people to control their nonverbal communication than their verbal communication.
d. All the answers are correct.
Q:
Which of the following pairs of nonverbal channels is particularly useful in communicating emotion?
a. facial expression and vocal behaviors
b. eye contact and hand gesturing
c. body movement and eye contact
d. vocal behaviors and body movement
Q:
What is the active process of making meaning out of another persons spoken message?
a. hearing
b. acknowledging
c. understanding
d. listening
Q:
Which of the following statements about listening is true, according to your text?
a. Listening is an innate ability.
b. People spend more time listening than speaking.
c. Everyone who listens to a message hears the same thing.
d. Hearing is the same as listening.
Q:
Which of the following statements about the importance of listening is NOT true?
a. Employers tend to rank listening skills as one of the most important factors in effective management.
b. A survey of family interaction showed that listening was the most important communication skill.
c. Listening has little to no effect on our physical health beyond avoiding sounds that may induce hearing loss.
d. Listening skills are important in the workplace for promoting safety, productivity, and satisfaction.
Q:
Discuss at least two different ways that people use space to communicate relationship status.
Q:
Describe the halo effect and comment on the importance of symmetry and proportionality in facial attractiveness.
Q:
Why is our sense of touch so important for our physical development and survival? For our emotional development and survival? Your book discusses five major areas in which touch plays a role in human interaction. Briefly comment on the importance of any three of these areas. Be sure to include in your response how people use different touching behaviors to convey these messages.
Q:
Take a position on the issue of how much teachers and school staff should be allowed to touch children at school. Consider both the benefits of touch as well as the concern that touch can be abusive or sexually inappropriate. Back up your position with examples, and be sure to acknowledge the strengths of the opposing viewpoint.
Q:
One cultural clich about beauty is that it is only skin deep, meaning that it is only superficial and it doesnt affect peoples lives in any meaningful way. Many people have argued that this is a myth and that beauty has many real effects on peoples lives. Which idea do you think is more accurate, and why? Be sure to offer reasoned arguments and concrete examples to support your position.
Q:
Several of the nonverbal channels weve discussed are heavily influenced by culture. Using specific examples when possible, pick at least three different nonverbal channels and highlight how expectations for appropriate nonverbal behavior vary from culture to culture. Next, discuss how these differences are likely to impact interactions. Finally, propose at least two ideas for how people communicating with individuals from other cultures might be able to potentially avoid embarrassing or offensive situations.
Q:
People tend to be most attracted to others whose natural body odors are different from their own.
Q:
Most Hispanic, southern European, and Middle Eastern cultures are classified as low-contact cultures.
Q:
Our use of time can send powerful messages about value and power.
Q:
Arousal is an increase in energy.
Q:
Explain the idea that people believe nonverbal cues over verbal cues when the two conflict. Give a concrete example and indicate why we give preference to nonverbal cues.
Q:
Choose two of the following forms of gesticulation and describe each, using concrete examples: emblems, illustrators, regulators, affect displays, adaptors.
Q:
Explain the difference between articulation and pronunciation, and give examples of each.
Q:
Explain the concept of olfactic association. Give 23 concrete examples of olfactic associations that you have.
Q:
Which is the term used for textual representations of facial expressions, often used in e-mail messages? a. textspressions b. emoticons c. e-smiles d. faceprints
Q:
When nonverbal cues conflict with verbal cues, people usually believe the verbal statements.
Q:
Most research strongly supports the common notion that beauty is in the eye of the beholder.
Q:
The face communicates more information than any other nonverbal channel.
Q:
The pupil of the eye contracts when we look at someone we find attractive.
Q:
Children who are regularly touched develop stronger immune systems than those who are not.
Q:
Voices that have low amounts of inflection are said to be monotone.
Q:
Of all the senses, smell is most strongly tied to memory.
Q:
Which of the following statements about facial or vocal expressions of emotions is factually incorrect?
a. Infants are unable to respond to pleasant stimuli before they are 12 months old.
b. Facial expressions of basic emotions are fairly consistent across cultures.
c. Disgust, boredom, and grief are typically accompanied by a lower vocal pitch.
d. People tend to speak faster when they are scared.
Q:
When Rachel saw her neighbor Harold in the hallway, he quickly flagged her down and began to speak with her. Throughout their conversation, Harold maintained steady eye contact, spoke very quickly, laughed frequently, and stood closer to Rachel than he usually would. Harolds nonverbal cues indicate that he was
a. nervous or uncomfortable.
b. engaging in deception.
c. excited.
d. content.
Q:
Which of the following was NOT identified in your textbook as a demographic characteristic?
a. age
b. ethnic background
c. sexual orientation
d. socioeconomic status
Q:
When you see someone dressed in very tight, dark clothing with spiky hair and eyeliner, you infer that this person is into emo punk rock. Your impression is based on which set of cues?
a. demographic
b. sociocultural
c. socioeconomic
d. psychographic
Q:
Your textbook identifies several ways that speakers can use nonverbal communication to increase the persuasiveness of their statements. Which of the following nonverbal behaviors is NOT in line with these prescriptions?
a. speaking softly, slowly, and calmly
b. matching someone elses nonverbal behavior
c. casually touching someone on the arm
d. maintaining eye contact with someone while speaking
Q:
Research shows that olfactic cues play a role in mate selection. Which of the following statements is true?
a. Men prefer women who smell like themselves.
b. Women with more attractive faces smell better to men.
c. Mens facial attractiveness is unrelated to how they smell.
d. All of the statements are false.
Q:
Which of the following nonverbal cues is commonly associated with deception, according to research?
a. decreased smiling
b. increased kinesic behavior
c. increased vocal pitch
d. decreased pupil dilation
Q:
Effectively interpreting nonverbal communication includes all of the following EXCEPT
a. sensitivity to others nonverbal messages.
b. trying to decipher the correct meaning of nonverbal behavior.
c. looking past cultural differences to understand the meaning.
d. asking for clarification when necessary.
Q:
The study of how people use movement is called what?
a. haptics
b. kinesics
c. oculesics
d. proxemics
Q:
Which type of gesture has a direct verbal translation?
a. illustrator
b. regulator
c. emblem
d. adaptor
Q:
The study of touch behavior is known as
a. haptics.
b. oculesics.
c. proxemics.
d. kinesics.
Q:
Vocal behaviors that go along with verbal behaviors to convey meaning are known as
a. fundamental frequency.
b. enunciation.
c. paralanguage.
d. paravocalic devices.
Q:
When people get excited or aroused, what usually happens to their voice?
a. increased articulation
b. decreased loudness
c. reduced inflection
d. elevated pitch
Q:
According to Edward T. Hall, the range of which type of distance is approximately 1 to 4 feet?
a. intimate distance
b. personal distance
c. social distance
d. public distance
Q:
The tendency to assume that attractive people also have other positive qualities is called what?
a. positive prototyping
b. character assumption
c. principle of facial primacy
d. halo effect
Q:
While talking to a friend at a party, you notice that your romantic partner has just arrived. Eager to greet your partner, you angle your posture away from your friend and toward your partner. That movement
a. is culturally insensitive, especially to members of high-contact cultures.
b. is a form of leave-taking behavior known as left-positioning.
c. incorrectly suggests to your friend that your partner is more important than he or she is.
d. All the answers are correct.
Q:
Research on humor has found that different cultures and societies have different ideas about what makes a joke funny. Using what you know about humor, about culture, and about language in general, explain why this should be the case. That is, why should cultures differ from each other in their appreciation of humor? In your explanation, make explicit reference to the principles of culture, language, and humor that support your argument.
Q:
How prevalent is hate speech in American culture today? What types of environments promote or foster this type of language? What, if anything, should be done to eliminate hate speech and/or protect the targets of hate speech? Finally, using some of the concepts from the textbook and/or class, make some recommendations for ways that hate speech can be avoided at your college or university.
Q:
Which of the following emotional states was NOT identified by Paul Ekman as having a universal facial expression?
a. happiness
b. disgust
c. jealousy
d. surprise
Q:
Ricks manager, Susan, called him into her office one afternoon to discuss his annual evaluation. As soon as Rick sat down, Susan said, Rick, your performance is unacceptable and Im going to have to let you go. After a moment of silence, Susan grinned and winked at Rick, and he knew she was joking. Susan used nonverbal communication to
a. reinforce the interpersonal nature of her message.
b. metacommunicate that she was teasing.
c. convey emotional meaning.
d. give her statement greater impact.
Q:
According to the text, the face is used primarily to communicate all of the following EXCEPT
a. identity.
b. emotion.
c. attractiveness.
d. intellect.
Q:
Which aspect of facial attractiveness refers to the relative size of facial features, such as the nose or ears?
a. symmetry
b. rhinoplasty
c. proportionality
d. asymmetry