Accounting
Anthropology
Archaeology
Art History
Banking
Biology & Life Science
Business
Business Communication
Business Development
Business Ethics
Business Law
Chemistry
Communication
Computer Science
Counseling
Criminal Law
Curriculum & Instruction
Design
Earth Science
Economic
Education
Engineering
Finance
History & Theory
Humanities
Human Resource
International Business
Investments & Securities
Journalism
Law
Management
Marketing
Medicine
Medicine & Health Science
Nursing
Philosophy
Physic
Psychology
Real Estate
Science
Social Science
Sociology
Special Education
Speech
Visual Arts
Speech
Q:
The study of how people use movement is called what?
a. haptics
b. kinesics
c. oculesics
d. proxemics
Q:
Identify and define each of the four types of language rules articulated in your text.
Q:
What are the elements of the semantic triangle? Define each element, and provide an example of how they work together.
Q:
Describe how language is tied to issues of credibility, and provide examples of at least three different factors that might affect ones credibility.
Q:
Explain the concept of hate speech. Compare and contrast it with both profanity and slang.
Q:
Articulate how a factual claim differs from an opinion. Using concrete examples, be specific about what each type of statement involves and what kind of evidence each statement requires.
Q:
People often use language that is intentionally vague or unclear. Create a situation in which someone might use vague language intentionally to mislead someone. How might you improve this situation? Finally, comment on the ethical considerations of intentionally using language that is vague or misleading. Is it unethical to use language that is intentionally vague in order to give someone the wrong impression? Are there situations in which intentionally misleading someone is acceptable?
Q:
Do you agree with some of the criticisms scholars have offered against the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis? How important is language in shaping our worldview? How important is our worldview in shaping language development? Make a case either for or against the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.
Q:
What are some of the benefits of using language in positive ways that express affection, intimacy, comfort, and support? Think about implications for the speaker, the hearer, and their relationship. What are some of the different ways we can use language to express these sentiments?
Q:
An allness claim is one in which the speaker intentionally misleads the hearer by arguing that everyone else agrees with his or her position.
Q:
Pennebakers research shows that verbal communication has little ability to provide comfort and healing.
Q:
Slang can serve an important social function by helping people distinguish between those who do and do not belong to their social networks.
Q:
Profanity is highly context-specific.
Q:
Only false statements can ever qualify as libel.
Q:
An I-statement claims ownership of what one is feeling or thinking, whereas a you-statement shifts that responsibility to the other person.
Q:
Explain the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis and give examples that illustrate its assertions.
Q:
Which of the following statements about slang is FALSE?
a. Slang is closely related to jargon.
b. Slang can help people identify individuals that belong to their social network.
c. Slang is neither inherently good nor inherently bad.
d. Slang is an exception to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.
Q:
Regarding defamation, which of the following is true?
a. Slander concerns statements made either aloud or in print.
b. Whether or not a statement is true is only relevant to slander, not libel.
c. Libel is more common than slander in interpersonal interaction.
d. Libel involves only statements made in print.
Q:
Which of the following examples illustrates the idea of reclaiming a phrase?
a. politicians limiting their use of the word poor when describing citizens of lower economic status
b. homosexual men referring to one another as queer
c. a white speaker using only the term African American when referring to black audience members
d. the NAACP holding a ceremonial funeral for the n-word
Q:
Which of the following is true about I-statements?
a. They ignore the problem.
b. They allow us to shift the blame.
c. They allow us to claim ownership of our thoughts and feelings.
d. They shift responsibility for ones own thoughts or feelings to the listener.
Q:
Technically speaking, which of the following is a factual claim? a. Candidate L is the best choice for our future. b. Candidate C accepted illegal bribes. c. Candidate C has impeccable morals. d. Electing Candidate L would be a mistake.
Q:
Verbal communication includes both spoken and written language.
Q:
All language is symbolic, and all symbolic systems constitute language.
Q:
Phonological rules deal with the correct pronunciation of words.
Q:
Using emotion to persuade is known as an appeal to ethos.
Q:
According to research, women who take their husbands name when they marry differ in some ways from women who keep their birth name. Which of the following statements is true?
a. Name-keepers have higher self-esteem than name-changers.
b. Name-changers report having more power in their marriages than name-keepers.
c. Name-changers score higher than name-keepers on reports of feminist attitudes.
d. Name-keepers say their personal concerns are more important than their relationships.
Q:
Which persuasion strategy takes advantage of the speakers credibility?
a. appeal to logos
b. appeal to ethos
c. appeal to pathos
d. None of the answers is correct.
Q:
Which of the following linguistic features was NOT identified in the textbook as affecting a speakers credibility?
a. use of clichs
b. a speakers dialect
c. incorrect diction
d. equivocal statements
Q:
The claim that 4 out of 5 doctors prefer a certain medication for a headache is an example of which kind of statement?
a. an equivocal statement
b. weasel words
c. a red herring
d. an allness claim
Q:
According to research, a joke must contain what in order to be considered funny?
a. a put-down
b. an expectancy violation
c. at least one funny-sounding word
d. All the answers are correct.
Q:
Saying that someone has been let go instead of fired is an example of which language behavior?
a. hate speech
b. slang
c. euphemism
d. profanity
Q:
Which of the following phrases is an example of doublespeak?
a. sleep together
b. kick the bucket
c. jumbo shrimp
d. collateral damage
Q:
To an American, the phrase How are you today? sounds correct, whereas the phrase Today you are how? sounds incorrect. The second phrase violates which rule of language?
a. phonological
b. syntactic
c. semantic
d. pragmatic
Q:
When Jesse first met Nicolette, he extended his hand and said warmly, Nice to meet you. In response, Nicolette sighed, rolled her eyes, and simply said, Yah, in a very sarcastic tone. Jesse inferred that Nicolette was not excited about meeting him, based on her reaction. On which rule of language did Jesse likely base his decision?
a. phonological rule
b. syntactic rule
c. semantic rule
d. pragmatic rule
Q:
The literal, dictionary definition of a word is its ________ meaning.
a. denotative
b. connotative
c. abstract
d. referent
Q:
Words that evoke strongly positive or strongly negative connotations are known collectively as
a. emotion language.
b. trigger words.
c. loaded language.
d. hot-button words.
Q:
The word set has nearly 200 discrete meanings in the English language. Imprecise use of set illustrates which of the following statements about language?
a. Language is often confusing because of multiple connotations.
b. Language can be unclear because of multiple meanings for the same word.
c. Languages around the world do not have a clear definition of referents for words.
d. Language symbols are arbitrary and hard to define.
Q:
Which of the following statements about language and culture is true?
a. When people speak more than one language, their language use has no effect on their cultural identity.
b. When people speak more than one language, their language use might have a small effect on their cultural identity, but the result is too small to be noticed.
c. When people speak more than one language, their language use is often accompanied by a shift in cultural values.
d. None of these statements is true.
Q:
Which of the following statements would be true according to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?
a. If a culture does not have a word for an emotion, its members will not be able to experience that emotion.
b. Regardless of the language that individuals from different cultures might speak, people see the world in basically the same way.
c. The culture that you are raised in determines the languages you will speak in your lifetime.
d. The distinction between nouns and verbs does not exist in most languages.
Q:
Which of the following statements about smoking is the best example of an appeal to pathos?
a. When you add it all up, smoking costs a person almost $7,000 a year.
b. Smoking is the number one cause of emphysema.
c. Most employers can legally discriminate against smokers.
d. Think about how many lives youre ruining by continuing to smoke.
Q:
Which of the following is NOT one of the criticisms that have been levied against the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?
a. It is unclear whether language produces thought or thought produces language.
b. Children who grow up in a bilingual family experience a great deal of cognitive dissonance because of the conflicting languages.
c. Just because people in a culture dont have a word to describe an experience doesnt mean they dont have that experience.
d. People who have cognitive deficiencies for learning language can still engage in thought, despite their language limitations.
Q:
Think about a friend, teacher, or co-worker of yours whom you didnt like when you first met. What led your relationship with that person to get off on the wrong foot? What happened that made you change your mind about the person? If you could experience that first meeting over again, what would you do differently in your relationship with the person?
Q:
Identify and describe the three types of attribution errors discussed in your textbook. Which do you think is most common? Why? Which do you think is potentially the most damaging to relationships? Why? Do relationship type or context factor into those decisions? Finally, suggest one way that someone could overcome each of those attribution errors.
Q:
Describe in detail the direct and indirect perception-checking processes. Next, think of a unique situation in which it would be appropriate to engage in direct perception-checking but not indirect perception-checking. Also think about a situation in which indirect perception-checking is a preferable option. Which factors/features of those situations led you to make those decisions? Finally, discuss why the perception-checking process in general is important.
Q:
A structured system of symbols used for creating meaning is known as a(n)
a. alphabet.
b. symbolic system.
c. language.
d. semantic triangle.
Q:
The use of a thumbs-up gesture to symbolize the statement good luck
a. illustrates that meaning can be conveyed without the use of words.
b. does not qualify as a form of language.
c. involves a specific meaning that is culturally understood.
d. All the answers are correct.
Q:
Which of the following terms is onomatopoetic?
a. good-natured
b. water
c. mumquall
d. splash
Q:
What type of language rule deals with the correct pronunciation of words?
a. phonological
b. syntactic
c. semantic
d. pragmatic
Q:
Identify and briefly define each of the three stages of the perception-making process.
Q:
Using concrete examples, articulate and explain how perceptual accuracy can be influenced by social and occupational roles.
Q:
Define the primacy and recency effects, and explain how they work together to influence perceptions.
Q:
Compare and contrast the fundamental attribution error and the self-serving bias as common attribution errors.
Q:
What is mindfulness, and how can we engage that process when making attributions?
Q:
Explain the similarities and differences between facts and interpretations, using concrete examples.
Q:
What does the word prejudice literally mean? How are prejudices formed? Do you agree with the claim that prejudices are often the result of a misperception? Why or why not? How have you seen or experienced prejudice in your lifetime? What can be done to counteract or discourage people from engaging in the process of forming prejudices?
Q:
The stages of perception happen in a very ordered and linear fashion.
Q:
Many people believe strongly in the notion that seeing is believing. However, research has shown that perceptual sets can cause people to see things that arent really there, or not to see things that are. Why do you think people have so much confidence that what they see reflects reality? Is it simply because they are ignorant of the research, or do you think most people would continue to think that seeing is believing, even if they were aware of perceptual sets? Defend your answer with reasoned arguments.
Q:
Perceptual ability is influenced by social and occupational roles.
Q:
Most people probably wouldnt admit that they stereotype others, but research shows that stereotyping is a fairly common pattern of perception-making. As you have learned in this chapter, there is nothing inherently negative about stereotypes, so why do you suppose stereotyping is so distasteful to people? If you were teaching a workshop about stereotyping to a group of college students, what would you most want them to know about it?
Q:
We have a tendency to discount first impressions as untrustworthy.
Q:
Egocentrism is a normal stage of human development.
Q:
If an attribution is internal then it must also be controllable.
Q:
The self-serving bias is a form of self-delusion.
Q:
Overattribution is essentially the same thing as the primacy effect.
Q:
Physiology exerts several effects on interpersonal perception.
Q:
When it comes to perception-making, it is always best to have the most information possible.
Q:
Which of the following was NOT suggested in your textbook as one of the ways to combat perceptual inaccuracies?
a. avoiding biased opinions
b. knowing yourself
c. focusing on the characteristics of others
d. considering the context
Q:
Which of the following techniques can help in the perception-checking process?
a. generating a meaningful interpretation as quickly as possible
b. generating alternative perceptions
c. avoiding considering the context
d. None of the answers is correct.
Q:
Forming an accurate snap judgment of someone else illustrates which of the following truisms of forming attributions?
a. Biases can be overcome if we are mindful of them.
b. Checking our perceptions is essential to forming correct attributions.
c. More information doesnt necessarily lead to better attributions.
d. You never get a second chance to make a first impression.
Q:
How are interpretations different from facts?
a. Interpretations are objective, whereas facts are subjective.
b. Facts speak to what occurred, whereas interpretations speak to the meaning of what occurred.
c. Interpretations are the same as descriptions, whereas facts are more similar to attributions.
d. They arent different; facts and interpretations are the same.
Q:
When competent communicators discover that their perceptions were inaccurate, they will respond by a. seeking more information. b. considering alternative perceptions. c. revising their perceptions accordingly. d. All the answers are correct.
Q:
Your senses are unable to attend to every stimulus in the environment at the same time.
Q:
Organization is the process of assigning meaning to something you have perceived.
Q:
Rick and Jamie recently started dating. To commemorate their first month as a couple, Rick surprised Jamie when he picked her up at work in a rented limousine with floor-level tickets to a concert. After the show, Rick was upset because Jamie would barely speak to him. Jamie was also upset because she had been planning on surprising Rick with a quiet dinner at home. After two days of fighting, the couple broke up. What was likely at the root of this conflict?
a. egocentrism
b. negativity bias
c. altercentrism
d. perceptual set differences
Q:
Idealizing a romantic partner at the beginning of a new relationship is a common example of the ________ bias.
a. delusional
b. romantic
c. positivity
d. confirmatory
Q:
You liked most everything about your new roommate when you first met, but when you found out she smokes, that overshadowed all of her good qualities in your mind. What perception-making process are you displaying here?
a. primacy effect
b. negativity bias
c. stereotyping
d. egocentrism
Q:
An explanation for why something occurred is called a(n)
a. interpretation.
b. selection.
c. attribution.
d. perceptual set.
Q:
Samantha was a fantastic softball player, but she rarely took credit for her success. Every time a reporter from the school paper would ask her for a quote, Samantha would say, I just got lucky today, or, Their pitcher just gave me something I could hit. Which of the following likely factors into Samanthas personality?
a. internal locus
b. external locus
c. negative attribution
d. self-serving bias
Q:
In which of the following instances might you have committed the self-serving bias?
a. You are quick to attribute your friends behaviors to internal, stable causes.
b. You say that your co-workers successes are due only to blind luck.
c. You say that most everything your roommate does is the result of his being an only child.
d. You attribute all your failures to external, unstable causes.
Q:
Regarding the fundamental attribution error, which of the following statements is NOT true?
a. It refers to attributions we make for other peoples behaviors, rather than our own.
b. We dont usually commit it when we are told that a persons behavior is externally caused.
c. It causes us to discount external, unstable causes for peoples actions.
d. We commit it when we assume that another persons behavior is caused by internal, stable causes.