Q&A Hero

Q: The connotative meaning of a word is A. found in the dictionary. B. subjective. C. objective. D. found in the triangle of meaning.

Q: The purpose of Ogden and Richards triangle of meaning is to A. show the direct relationship between the word and the thing. B. illustrate that a word is equated to the thing. C. explain that when an object exists, the meaning is clearly established. D. show that meaning is established through the thoughts of an individual and is not constant.

Q: The difference between language and symbol is that A. language is more abstract and symbol more concrete. B. symbols represent things and are found within language. C. language is variable whereas a symbol holds a more uniform meaning across cultures. D. language is more often a barrier to communication, whereas symbols are usually an aid.

Q: People in the United States prefer to be up-front and tell it like it is. In contrast, many Asian cultures practice A. bypassing. B. indirectness. C. impression management. D. none of the these

Q: When we use a euphemism, A. we substitute a pleasant word for an unpleasant one. B. we substitute an unpleasant word for a pleasant one. C. both of these D. none of these

Q: Words that are discriminatory but are not literally racist are called A. codified words. B. coffee words. C. code words. D. all of these

Q: The belief that language influences how we interpret the world is called A. linguistic relativity. B. linguistic determinism. C. virtual linguistics. D. none of these

Q: There are at least 19 Chinese words for silk. The concept of silk is _____ to Chinese culture. A. of little importance B. not important at all C. important D. none of these

Q: Powertalkers A. make definite statements. B. hesitate less in speech. C. use fewer nonfluencies. D. all of these

Q: According to Deborah Tannen, women speak a language of A. connection. B. intimacy. C. both connection and intimacy. D. none of these

Q: Women use more _____ than men. A. long words B. qualifiers C. tentative phrases D. qualifiers and tentative phrases

Q: Denotative meaning refers to A. connotative meaning. B. objective meaning. C. direct meaning. D. personal meaning.

Q: A word A. is a symbol. B. represents things. C. stands for something else. D. all of these

Q: Meanings are in A. people. B. words. C. things. D. all of these

Q: Snarl words and purr words A. describe people or things we are talking about. B. describe our own feelings and attitudes. C. are sublanguages. D. are nonfluencies.

Q: Which of the following is true about politically correct language? A. It means the same thing to everyone. B. It may blunt the sharpness of the words we use. C. It reveals our sensitivity to the preferences of those we converse with. D. B and C

Q: In market jargon, another term for labeling is A. naming. B. branding. C. conning. D. empowering.

Q: When we take time to look beyond words and inspect the thing itself, our orientation is said to be A. triangular. B. denotative. C. connotative. D. extensional. E. intensional.

Q: If we have an intensional orientation, we A. react to labels without considering what they represent. B. go beyond labels to inspect the things they are attached to. C. also have an extensional orientation. D. are also powertalkers. E. have both an extensional orientation and are also powertalkers.

Q: To avoid bypassing, you should A. be word-minded instead of person-minded. B. be person-minded instead of word-minded. C. think positively; consider it impossible for people to misunderstand one another. D. remember that the word is the thing. E. none of these; it is impossible to avoid bypassing

Q: When people bypass one another, they use A. different words to represent the same thing. B. the same words to represent the same thing. C. different words to represent different things. D. the same word but give it different meanings. E. different words to represent the same thing, and the same word but give it different meanings.

Q: Which of the following statements about powertalkers is most accurate? A. They make definite statements. B. Their speech frequently includes hedges. C. They ask many tag questions. D. They do not hesitate to utter nonfluencies.

Q: According to Robin Lakoff, which of the following groups has a tendency to use tag questions? A. men B. women C. powertalkers D. doctors E. none of these

Q: Sapir and Whorf postulated that in many ways A. the Japanese language keeps women in their place. B. men and women speak different gender-lects. C. words help mold our perception of reality. D. all of these

Q: According to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, A. meaning and culture are unrelated. B. the labels we use help shape our thoughts, worldview, and behavior. C. people from different cultures perceive stimuli very similarly. D. people with an intensional orientation look beyond labels to examine things. E. we can understand more about culture and language through the triangle of meaning.

Q: Meaning is A. both denotative and connotative. B. affected by time and place. C. affected by experience. D. all of these

Q: The connotative meaning of a word is A. its personal meaning for someone. B. its dictionary definition. C. an object associated with the word. D. a tag question that could be asked about it.

Q: Denotative meaning refers to A. the triangle of meaning. B. dictionary meaning. C. personal meaning. D. extensional meaning. E. intensional meaning.

Q: Which of the following statements about words is not true? A. Words continually change meaning. B. The word is the thing. C. No one else will respond to a word exactly as you do. D. A word is a symbol.

Q: The triangle of meaning shows that A. there is a direct connection between words and things. B. there is no direct connection between words and things. C. there can be a direct connection between words and things if communication is effective. D. figure and ground are often ambiguous.

Q: The triangle of meaning was developed by A. Ogden and Richards. B. Sapir and Whorf. C. S. I. Hayakawa. D. Lewis Carroll.

Q: A unified system of symbols that permits a sharing of meaning describes A. words. B. the triangle of meaning. C. language. D. the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.

Q: Culture determines a persons communication stylewhether to be indirect and concerned about the other persons saving face in public or to be up-front and direct. A. true B. false

Q: The notion that people from different cultures perceive stimuli and communicate differently because of their language differences is known as distinctiveness theory. A. true. B. false.

Q: Prejudiced language communicates a negative bias. A. true B. false

Q: Words that are discriminatory but not literally racist are known as jargon. A. true B. false

Q: The belief that persons who speak different languages will perceive the world differently is known as linguistic relativity. A. true B. false

Q: Benjamin Whorf believed that our words determine the way we interpret the world. A. true B. false

Q: Symbols and what they represent are independent of one another. A. true B. false

Q: Jargon is appropriate if the receiver is familiar with it. A. true B. false

Q: Disclaimers diminish a statements importance. A. true B. false

Q: If a concept is very important to a culture, there will probably be only a few words to describe it. A. true B. false

Q: Using the cartoon on page 73, discuss the Internets potential for influencing self-concept.

Q: Define and explain self-efficacy.

Q: Select a celebrity who has been in the news recently. Discuss what you believe is his or her self-concept. What specific behaviors does the person exhibit that lead you to your conclusions? Be specific.

Q: Some people use the Internet to pretend to be someone they are not. How do you feel this affects their interactions with others both on- and offline?

Q: What factors make your self-esteem drop? Give some recent examples.

Q: You have been given the opportunity to design a personal website or blog whose function is to communicate yourself to everyone who accessed the site. What aspects of yourself would you focus on? What facets would you ignore? How much would you reveal about yourself on the site? To what extent, if any, do you think that having a personal website enhances your ability to manage the identity you present to others?

Q: Playwright Arthur Miller said, Part of knowing who we are is knowing we are not someone else. Do you agree? Explain your answers with reasons.

Q: In The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, poet T. S. Eliot wrote, Prepare a face to meet the faces that you meet. What do you think of such advice? Why would someone prepare a face when interacting with another person?

Q: Discuss the ways in which popular culture shapes our self-concept.

Q: Diagram the Johari window. Explain how it functions as a model of self-awareness and self-disclosure.

Q: Define the self-fulfilling prophecy, draw its model, and using specific examples explain how a self-fulfilling prophecy can influence behavior.

Q: Define self-concept, and describe the part played by role-taking in the development of self-concept.

Q: Author-poet Carl Sandburg wrote: Life is like an onion. You peel off one layer at a time. Discuss how Sandburgs thought relates to your understanding of self-concept.

Q: The creation of a positive image designed to influence how others perceive us is called A. impression management. B. impression mismanagement. C. impressionism. D. impressionistic behavior.

Q: Sam gives little thought to what he is wearing. He seldom gets a haircut and sometimes tucks his shirt in. Sam might be a A. high self-monitor. B. low self-monitor. C. non-self-monitor. D. both low self-monitor and non-self-monitor.

Q: Some people feel that an overemphasis on reinforcing self-esteem can precipitate a culture of A. little self-concept. B. bullying. C. actualization. D. all of these

Q: Past experiences can create expectations that create a readiness to perceive new experiences in a predetermined way. These expectations are known as A. perceptual sets. B. inferences. C. perceptual schemata. D. stereotypes.

Q: Which area of the Johari window should be dominant in order to enhance interpersonal relationships? A. the hidden area B. the unknown area C. the open area D. the blind area

Q: The Johari window illustrates A. how various components of our personality may be hidden or revealed to ourselves and to others. B. how not to break a window. C. the importance of keeping important parts of our personality hidden so that others will accept us. D. several reasons for keeping self-disclosure to a minimum.

Q: With which statement would a person with an idiocentric point of view agree? A. I will do anything to preserve harmony in my relationships. B. My main goal is to prove my competency. C. Even when I believe I am right, I am willing to defer to others. D. I would be willing to lie to protect the reputation of the group.

Q: Which of these statements illustrates the effect of different treatment of males and females? A. Females are more likely to be judged for the quality of their relationships, while males are judged for their success. B. Females are just as likely to develop a positive self-concept as males. C. In order to achieve success, males are more likely to be self-critical than females. D. Adolescent boys focus on pleasing others more than girls do.

Q: A self-fulfilling prophecy occurs when A. people live up to the labels placed on them by others. B. the results of a study are manipulated to coincide with those anticipated by the researchers. C. the power of critics to influence the success of a film is countered by the producers advertising campaign. D. researchers falsify their statistics to lead to predetermined results.

Q: Sociologist Erving Goffman describes our lives as a series of interactions we manage, while who we really believe we are is the A. perceived self. B. presenting self. C. open area. D. blind area.

Q: Sociologist Erving Goffman describes our lives as a series of interactions we manage while displaying a public image known as the A. perceived self. B. presenting self. C. open area. D. blind area.

Q: According to Chris Mruk, all of the following are dimensions of self-esteem, except A. affect. B. belief systems. C. competence. D. worthiness.

Q: The Johari window is a model of self-awareness and A. self-denial. B. self-destruction. C. self-discipline. D. self-disclosure.

Q: The term idiocentric refers to A. a collected orientation. B. a collectivistic orientation. C. an individualistic orientation. D. none of these

Q: The Galatea effect refers to expectations we have for A. our co-workers. B. our friends. C. our parents. D. ourselves.

Q: When we do not understand that all persons do not attribute the same meaning to similar behavioral clues, we may display A. empathy. B. selective perception. C. cultural nearsightedness. D. the horn effect.

Q: Psychologist Martin Seligman found that optimists A. are less successful than pessimists. B. are more successful than pessimists. C. have about the same success rate as pessimists. D. tend to avoid success.

Q: First impressions are also known as A. the horn effect. B. the primacy effect. C. blindering. D. allness.

Q: Self-concept is A. derived from the past and projected onto the future. B. derived from the future and projected onto the past. C. neither projected nor derived. D. none of these

Q: To a large extent, your self-concept is shaped by A. environment. B. people around you. C. both environment and people around you. D. none of these

Q: The halo effect describes A. the principle that we fulfill the expectations of others. B. the principle that we fulfill our own expectations. C. the ability of first impressions to color subsequent impressions. D. primarily perceiving anothers mostly positive qualities.

Q: In terms of the Johari window, communication is most effective when A. there is a large blind area. B. there is a small open area. C. the unknown area is dominant. D. none of these

Q: People who have a large hidden area in the Johari window A. fear exposure. B. want to know much more about the people with whom they relate. C. expect to be accepted. D. do not avoid becoming known to others.

Q: Which area of the Johari window represents information about you that others, but not you, are aware of? A. open B. blind C. hidden D. none of these

Q: The blind area of the Johari window contains information about you that A. you are aware of but others are not. B. you are not aware of but others are. C. you willingly share with others. D. is free and open to you and others.