Q&A Hero

Q: Ethnomusicology has a canon of composers and works. (A) True (B) False

Q: Music is a universal language. (A) True (B) False

Q: A mouth harp is a type of chordophone. (A) True (B) False

Q: The Highland Pipes from Scotland are bellows-driven. (A) True (B) False

Q: The Union Pipes from Ireland are bellows-driven. (A) True (B) False

Q: The Highland Pipes from Scotland are lung-driven. (A) True (B) False

Q: The Union Pipes from Ireland are lung-driven. (A) True (B) False

Q: Drums, such as the atumpan, function as a speech surrogate by imitating the tonal contour and speech rhythm of a language. (A) True (B) False

Q: Drums, such as the atumpan, are used as speech surrogates by responding to vocal phrases with rhythmic reference points. (A) True (B) False

Q: Drums, such as the atumpan, require a high and low sound to function as a speech surrogate. (A) True (B) False

Q: The __________ of a music refers to its purpose or meaning. (A) function (B) use (C) identity (D) pedagogy (E) adaptation

Q: __________ refers to a method of teaching associated with a given culture. (A) function (B) use (C) identity (D) pedagogy (E) adaptation

Q: _________ refers to the qualities, beliefs, behaviors, etc., associated with an individual or group of people that distinguishes them from others. (A) function (B) use (C) identity (D) pedagogy (E) adaptation

Q: __________ are community gatherings intended to celebrate the diverse ethnic makeup of the island communities of Papua New Guinea. (A) Singsings (B) Corroboree (C) Luau (D) Bino (E) Mele

Q: The __________ is derived from a small Portuguese version of a guitar commonly heard in popular song of Hawai’i. (A) ukulele (B) garamut (C) didjeridu (D) pahu (E) susap

Q: A __________ is a miniature painting from India often associated with Hindu mythology and spirituality. (A) ragamala (B) bhajan (C) qawwali (D) kathakali (E) sitar

Q: __________ is an Indian dance drama derived from Hindu mythology, especially the epic tale of the Mahabharata. (A) ragamala (B) bhajan (C) qawwali (D) kathakali (E) sitar

Q: __________ refers to the Indian film industry found in Mumbai, considered the world’s largest center of movie production. (A) Bollywood (B) Bhangra (C) Bhajan (D) Kathakali (E) Qawwali

Q: __________ is a vocal tradition associated with Sufi spiritual practices in Pakistan. (A) Bollywood (B) Bhangra (C) Bhajan (D) Kathakali (E) Qawwali

Q: __________ is a popular music style originally associated with Punjabi populations of northern India and southern Pakistan. (A) Bollywood (B) Bhangra (C) Bhajan (D) Kathakali (E) Qawwali

Q: __________ is considered part of ""island"" Southeast Asia. (A) Indonesia (B) Thailand (C) Combodia (D) Vietnam (E) Laos

Q: A wai khru is a ritual round in __________ that honors a student's teachers and the ancestral spirtis of teachers from the past. (A) Vietnam (B) Thailand (C) Indonesia (D) China (E) Malaysia

Q: The phonic structure of a Vietnamese Tai Tu ensemble is described as __________. (A) homophony (B) independent polyphony (C) heterophony (D) monophy (E) counterpoint

Q: The ""aural conductor"" of the Thai piphat ensemble plays the __________. (A) ching (a pair of small hand cymbals) (B) ranat ek (a xylophone) (C) khaen (free-reed mouth organ) (D) thon-ramana (pair of hand drums) (E) pi (reed aerophone)

Q: Lam klawn is a type of vocal repartee accompanied by the __________. (A) ching (a pair of small hand cymbals) (B) ranat ek (a xylophone) (C) thon-ramana (pair of hand drums) (D) khaen (free-reed mouth organ) (E) pi (reed aerophone)

Q: __________ is a type of popular music in Thailand. (A) Gamelan (B) Piphat (C) Luk thung (D) Lam sing (E) Maw lam

Q: __________ is an ensemble comprised primarily of bronze idiophones from Indonesia. (A) Luk thung (B) Piphat (C) Lam sing (D) Gamelan (E) Maw lam

Q: __________, __________, and __________ are the three basic music elements of Javanese gamelan performance. (A) principal melody, polyrhythm, pholyphonic stratification (B) periodic punctuation, polphonic stratification, heterophony (C) principal melody, polyrhthym, periodic punctuation (D) polyrhythm, periodic punctuation, heterophony (E) principal melody, periodic punctuation, melody embellishment

Q: Balinese gamelan performances are often associated with __________, the predominant religion on the island. (A) Islam (B) Christianity (C) Animism (D) Hinduism (E) Buddhism

Q: The __________ is a standard instrument used in South Indian Kriti performance. (A) guitar (B) violin (C) gopiyantra (D) harmonium (E) sitar

Q: A(n) __________ is a South Indian festival. (A) aradhana (B) nagasvaram (C) Sarasvati vina (D) ragamala (E) mridangam

Q: In India, cultural traditions are typically regarded as either __________ (Northern) or __________ (Southern). (A) Hindustani, Baul (B) Hindu, Hindustani (C) Hindu, Karnatak (D) Hindustani, Karnatak (E) Baul, Karnatak

Q: The gat is best described as a(n) __________. (A) rhythmic cycle (B) melodic composition (C) pair of hand drums (D) plucked lute (E) exploratory introduction

Q: The alap is best described as a(n) __________. (A) rhythmic cycle (B) exploratory introduction (C) pair of hand drums (D) plucked lute (E) melodic composition

Q: The term filmi refers to __________. (A) popular music written for Indian films (B) a membrane covering a barrel-shaped drum (C) a dance tradition associated with the Bauls (D) poetry performed by the Bauls (E) a devotional song performed by Hindu lay people

Q: The term bhajan refers to __________. (A) popular music written for Indian films (B) a membrane covering a barrel-shaped drum (C) a dance tradition associated with the Bauls (D) a devotional song performed by Hindu lay people (E) poetry performed by the Bauls

Q: Raga is typically defined as __________, which can be thought of as a ""composition kit"" for performance. (A) mode (B) scale (C) intent (D) melisma (E) rasa

Q: The three basic elements of instrumental performance in the Hindustani tradition include __________, __________, and __________. (A) melody, harmony, drone (B) melody, rhythm, harmony (C) melody, ornamentation, rhythm (D) melody, ornamentation, drone (E) melody, rhythm, drone

Q: The tambura is a fretless plucked lute responsible for maintaining the __________in Hindustani classical music. (A) drone (B) melody (C) tala (D) rhythm (E) raga

Q: The sarod is a fretless plucked lute __________. (A) with three sets of strings: melody, jhala (rhythm), and sympathetic (B) with four strings that maintain the drone (C) that imitates the melodic contour of the voice (D) that is performed by Bauls from Bangladesh (E) that is commonly associated with Ravi Shankar

Q: The tabla musician is responsible for __________ in Hindustani classical music. (A) playing the melody (B) ""keeping the tal"" (C) providing the drone (D) imitating the melodic contour of the voice (E) leading the congregation during a bhajan

Q: The tala is best described as a(n) __________. (A) rhythmic cycle (B) pair of hand drums (C) plucked lute (D) melodic composition (E) exploratory introduction

Q: The major religion associated with India is __________. (A) Hinduism (B) Islam (C) Christianity (D) the Baha'i Faith (E) Buddhism

Q: The major religion associated with Pakistan is __________. (A) Hinduism (B) Buddhism (C) Christianity (D) the Baha'i Faith (E) Islam

Q: __________ was a major political figure from India in the twentieth century. (A) Ravi Shankar (B) Mahatma Gandhi (C) Aashish Khan (D) Shanti Raghavan (E) Sri Sai Baba

Q: The kecak is so named for the interlocking ""cak"" sound the performers make to imitate the sound of __________. (A) birds (B) monkeys (C) frogs (D) demons (E) bears

Q: The primary role of a __________ in Mandinka society (West Africa) is as an oral historian. (A) hosho (B) atumpan (C) jali (D) kora (E) mbube

Q: __________ is a well-known musician associated with country blues in the United States. (A) Robert Johnson (B) Francis J. Child (C) Bill Monroe (D) Natalie MacMaster (E) R. Carlos Nakai

Q: __________ favors interpretation and the acceptance of the relativity of truth. (A) Post Modernism (B) Positivsm (C) Neotraditionalism (D) Modernization (E) Classicism

Q: __________, __________, __________, and __________ are the four properties of sound. (A) Pitch, tone quality, volume, duration (B) Pitch, tone quality, timbre, duration (C) Pitch, timbre, rhythm, duration (D) Pitch, tone, tone quality, timbre (E) Tone, tone quality, timbre, duration

Q: A piano is an example of a __________. (A) zither (B) lute (C) harp (D) lyre (E) idiophone

Q: A(n) __________ ""itself"" vibrates to produce a sound. (A) chordophone (B) aerophone (C) idiophone (D) membranophone (E) centrophone

Q: A lamellophone is a type of __________. (A) chordophone (B) idiophone (C) aerophone (D) membranophone (E) centrophone

Q: A(n) __________ pitch has a dominant frequency that is ""singable."" (A) indefinite (B) determinant (C) tonic (D) definite (E) centrophonic

Q: A(n) __________ pitch has no single dominant frequency, but a ""cluster"" of frequencies that can be ""imitated"" rather than ""sung."" (A) definite (B) indefinite (C) determinant (D) tonic (E) centrophonic

Q: __________ refers to the number of pitches per syllable of sung text. (A) Scale (B) Syllabic (C) Melismatic (D) Semantic (E) Text setting

Q: __________ singing utilizes ""one pitch per syllable"" of sung text. (A) Scale (B) Text setting (C) Melismatic (D) Syllabic (E) Semantic

Q: __________ singing utilizes ""more than one pitch per syllable"" of sung text. (A) Text setting (B) Melismatic (C) Syllabic (D) Scale (E) Semantic

Q: __________ describes the quantity of pitches sounded within a specific length of time. (A) Text setting (B) Melismatic (C) Syllabic (D) Time-line (E) Rhythmic density

Q: __________ is defined as ""simultaneous variations of a single line of music."" (A) Heterophony (B) Homophony (C) Melody (D) Monophony (E) Harmony

Q: __________, __________, __________, and __________ are the musical equivalents of the four properties of a sound. (A) Tone, timbre, dynamics, rhythm (B) Tone, pitch, dynamics, rhythm (C) Timbre, dynamics, rhythm, duration (D) Timbre, pitch, tone color, duration (E) Timbre, dynamics, pitch, tone

Q: __________ is defined as ""an organized succession of pitches forming a musical idea."" (A) Heterophony (B) Homophony (C) Melody (D) Harmony (E) Monophony

Q: __________ in the context of music refers to a modern performance practice inspired by traditional practices. (A) Neotraditionalism (B) Modernization (C) Classicism (D) Positivism (E) Post Modernism

Q: __________ is the study of signs and symbols. (A) Semiotics (B) Cultural relativism (C) Ethnocentrism (D) Hermeneutics (E) Symbiology

Q: __________ is a well-known musician associated with Native American flute performance in the United States. (A) Robert Johnson (B) Francis J. Child (C) Bill Monroe (D) Natalie MacMaster (E) R. Carlos Nakai

Q: The primary melody in 4-part shape note singing is most often carried by the __________ part. (A) soprano (B) alto (C) tenor (D) bass (E) tribble

Q: The melodic contour of the vocal line in Native American powwow performance is best described as __________. (A) cascading (B) ascending (C) vibrato (D) drone (E) disjunct

Q: __________ is an important composer associated with spirituals and lined hymns often performed in African-American churches in the United States.(A) Isaac Watts(C) Bill Monroe(D) Robert Johnson(E) R. Carlos Nakai

Q: The Robinson Projection map of the world is generally preferred over the Mercator Projection because __________. (A) Europe is placed in the center of the map (B) the equator is placed in the center of the map (C) no land mass is visually divided (D) the country names are more current (E) Greenland is proportionally correct

Q: __________ is a research approach embraced by ethnomusicologists that encourages the acceptance of differing cultural perspectives. (A) Bi-musicality (B) Ethnocentrism (C) Cultural relativism (D) Positivism (E) Anthropology

Q: According to ethnomusicologists, why is music considered a universal, but not a unviersal language? (A) Musical activity is found in every human culture, but the meanings of such activity are interpreted differently from culture to culture, even person to person. (B) Like language, musical activity is a learned process, so a person must participate in that activity from birth to understand it. (C) Not every culture has music, so music cannot be universal. (D) Instruments cannot communiate the same meaning cross-culturally. (E) As singing requires language and there is no ""universal"" language understood by all peoples, music cannot be a universal language.

Q: __________ music can best be defined as music that is learned informally, primarily through observation. (A) Classical (B) Popular (C) Folk (D) Ethnic (E) Traditional

Q: __________ music can best be defined as music that is learned formally with specialized training. (A) Classical (B) Folk (C) Popular (D) Ethnic (E) Traditional

Q: Popular music can best be defined as music that is __________. (A) learned informally (B) disseminated through the media (C) learned formally (D) simple (E) complex

Q: In the early years of the study of world music, ""armchair"" scholars did not do their own __________. (A) preparation (B) analysis (C) dissemination (D) fieldwork (E) representation

Q: Ethnomusicological research is most strongly influenced by __________ and __________. (A) anthropology, linguistics (B) musicology, linguistics (C) musicology, technology (D) anthropology, technology (E) anthropology, musicology

Q: __________ is the assumption that one's own cultural patterns are normative, while those that differ are ""exotic,"" ""strange,"" or ""abnormal."" (A) Ethnocentrism (B) Bi-musicality (C) Cultural relativism (D) Positivism (E) Comparative ethnology

Q: __________ is a research approach in which an ethnomusicologist learns to perform the music she/he studies. (A) Ethnocentrism (B) Bi-musicality (C) Cultural relativism (D) Positivism (E) Comparative ethnology

Q: __________, __________, __________, and __________ are the four basic classifications of instruments in the Sachs-Hornbostel system. (A) Aerophone, chordophone, idiophone, membranophone (B) Strings, chordophone, membranophone, woodwinds (C) Brass, woodwinds, strings, percussion (D) Strings, woodwinds, aerophone, idiophone (E) Membranophone, aerophone, chordophone, sousaphone

Q: __________, __________, and __________ are the three primary sub-categories of aerophones. (A) Flutes, reeds, recorders (B) Flutes, trumpets, brass (C) Trumpets, reeds, woodwinds (D) Flutes, reeds, trumpets (E) Trumpets, woodwinds, recorders