Q&A Hero

Q: How many movements are typical of pre-Classical symphonies? a. two c. four b. three d. eight

Q: The Classical symphony had its roots in the: a. concerto. c. opera overture. b. sonata. d. ballet.

Q: What form does Haydn use for the second movement of the Emperor quartet? Explain how Haydn gives each player an equal chance to participate in the musical conversation.

Q: Describe the overall outline of a multimovement cycle. Be sure to mention the tempo and chronological character of each movement. Which genres generally follow multimovement cycles?

Q: Discuss how composers expand their musical ideas.

Q: Haydn helped to expand the orchestras size and resources through greater emphasis on the brass, clarinets, and percussion.

Q: The standard instrumentation for a string quartet includes one violin, two violas, and one cello.

Q: Instrumental music endowed with literary or pictorial associations is called absolute music.

Q: The patronage system failed to support Haydn, and he was forced to live by teaching and performing.

Q: In the slow movement of Haydns Emperor string quartet, each instrument gets a turn at playing the theme.

Q: The melody for the second movement of Haydns String Quartet, Op. 76, No. 3 is taken from an obscure folk tune.

Q: In the Classical multimovement cycle, the third movement is typically a minuet and trio.

Q: The slow movement of a multimovement cycle is most frequently the third movement.

Q: The term multimovement cycle is applied not only to sonatas and chamber music but also to concertos and symphonies.

Q: Thematic development is generally too complex for short pieces.

Q: Thematic development provides clarity, coherence, and logic to larger musical forms.

Q: The expansion and reworking of a theme within a composition is called thematic development.

Q: Musical conversations depended on predictable musical forms.

Q: The concept of music as a conversation is best exemplified by the string quartet.

Q: Which term or terms best describe the character of the third movement in the multimovement cycle? a. long, dramatic c. dancelike b. slow, lyrical d. lively, spirited

Q: Which term or terms best describe the character of the first movement in the multimovement cycle? a. dancelike c. long, dramatic b. allegro d. lively, spirited

Q: Haydn enjoyed phenomenal musical success with two trips to _____. a. France c. Italy b. England d. the United States

Q: Who was Haydns principal patron? a. Emperor Frederick the Great c. Prince Esterhzy b. Emperor Joseph II d. Count Razumovsky

Q: Haydn served as a choirboy in: a. Venice. c. Salzburg. b. Bonn. d. Vienna.

Q: The melody for the slow movement of Haydns String Quartet, Op. 76, No. 3 became the national anthem of: a. Austria. c. Italy. b. France. d. Spain.

Q: The form of the slow movement of Haydns String Quartet, Op. 76, No. 3 is: a. sonata-allegro. c. theme and variations. b. minuet and trio. d. rondo.

Q: Haydn's String Quartet, Op. 76, No. 3 was nicknamed the Emperor because: a. Emperor Franz II commissioned the work. b. Emperor Franz II entered the hall during the first performance. c. The work has several majestic qualities. d. The slow movement is based on a hymn written for Emperor Franz II.

Q: The final string quartets of ________, ________, and ________ contain some of their most profound music. a. Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven c. Bach, Haydn, and Mozart b. Bach, Beethoven, and Brahms d. Beethoven, Schubert, and Bach

Q: A string quartet consists of: a. a violin, a viola, a cello, and a bass. c. a violin, two violas, and a cello. b. three violins and a cello. d. two violins, a viola, and a cello.

Q: Theme-and-variation form often utilizes which of the following compositional techniques? a. melodic variation c. rhythmic variation b. harmonic variation d. all of the answers shown here

Q: In which of the following forms would the last movement of a Classical sonata or symphony most likely be? a. A-B-A c. rondo b. minuet and trio d. scherzo

Q: In the Classical multimovement cycle, the third movement is usually in _____ form. a. theme and variations c. rondo b. sonata d. minuet and trio

Q: Which of the following characteristics is/are common of the second movement of a multimovement cycle? a. a slow introduction c. dance rhythms b. lyrical, songful melodies d. all of the answers shown here

Q: Which of the following genres usually follow(s) the general structure of a multimovement cycle? a. sonata c. concerto b. symphony d. all of the answers shown here

Q: In absolute music, the lack of a prescribed story or text to hold the music together makes the element of _____ especially important. a. melody c. harmony b. texture d. form

Q: Which of the following best describes absolute music? a. music without a story or text c. all instrumental music b. music without form d. the finest music from the past

Q: The repetition of a motive at a higher or lower pitch level is called: a. a scale. c. a coda. b. a theme. d. a sequence.

Q: Varying a themes melodic outline, rhythm, or harmony is considered: a. harmonic development. b. polyphony. c. thematic development. d. thematic stagnation.

Q: A composer can fragment a theme by dividing it into smaller units called: a. motives. c. sequences. b. codas. d. modulations.

Q: In musical compositions, a theme is: a. the compositions underlying meaning. b. the compositions overall mood. c. a musical idea that is used as a building block. d. a literary story that is associated with the work.

Q: Discuss the fugue, its structure, and its polyphonic devices.

Q: Johann Sebastian Bachs The Art of Fugue is now generally considered to be a keyboard work.

Q: At the beginning of a fugue, the countersubject is stated alone.

Q: A fugue is a form intended exclusively for solo keyboard performance.

Q: A fugue is a contrapuntal composition in which a single subject is the focal point that unifies the work.

Q: The organ uses multiple keyboards.

Q: The advantage of the harpsichord was its ability to produce crescendos and diminuendos.

Q: The strings of a harpsichord are plucked by quills.

Q: The three main keyboard instruments of the Baroque were the harpsichord, organ, and piano.

Q: In which voice is the subject first heard in Contrapunctus I, from The Art of Fugue? a. the top voice, or soprano b. the second voice from the top, or alto c. the second voice from the bottom, or tenor d. the bottom voice, or bass

Q: How many voices, or individual lines, are there in Bachs Contrapunctus I, from The Art of Fugue? a. two c. four b. three d. five

Q: Bachs last demonstration of contrapuntal mastery was: a. The Art of Fugue. c. The Well-Tempered Clavier. b. A Musical Offering. d. the Brandenburg Concertos.

Q: Which of the following is a set of forty-eight preludes and fugues by Bach? a. the Brandenburg Concertos c. The Well-Tempered Clavier b. A Musical Offering d. The Art of Fugue

Q: In a fugue, the technique of stating the theme in faster rhythmic values is called: a. augmentation. c. stretto. b. retrograde. d. diminution.

Q: Which of the following is a contrapuntal device that alters the original theme of a fugue? a. toccata c. prelude b. concerto d. diminution

Q: In a fugue, the areas of relaxation where the subject is not heard are called: a. answers. c. episodes. b. countersubjects. d. strettos.

Q: The opening section of a fugue, in which all voices successively introduce the subject, is called the: a. episode. c. exposition. b. answer. d. closing section.

Q: After the fugue subject is stated, the second entrance of the subject is called the: a. episode. c. fugato. b. answer. d. stretto.

Q: What is the principal element of a fugue? a. a beautiful melody c. a chorale tune b. imitation d. arpeggios

Q: The _____ is a keyboard form based on the principle of voices imitating each other. a. fugue c. suite b. prelude d. toccata

Q: What is a toccata? a. a variation on a repeated harmonic pattern b. an improvisatory, virtuosic keyboard work c. a movement based on strict counterpoint d. a four-movement keyboard work containing a fugue

Q: The keyboard instrument that uses various sets of pipes to create contrasting colors is: a. the harpsichord. c. the clavichord. b. the organ. d. the piano.

Q: The harpsichord is different from the piano because: a. it sometimes has two keyboards rather than one. b. its strings are plucked rather than struck. c. it is not capable of a wide dynamic range. d. all of the answers shown here

Q: The ______ is a keyboard instrument whose strings are plucked by quills. a. organ c. harpsichord b. piano d. clavichord

Q: Which of the following keyboard instruments were important during the Baroque? a. the harpsichord c. the harpsichord and the organ b. the piano d. the piano and the organ

Q: Why is Vivaldis The Four Seasons considered program music?

Q: How did Baroque composers provide unity and contrast in concerto movements?

Q: The harpsichord is the featured solo instrument in Spring, from The Four Seasons.

Q: Vivaldis The Four Seasons is an example of program music.

Q: Ritornello form is the alternation between orchestral refrains and virtuosic solo passages.

Q: The concerto first developed in France in the late 1600s.

Q: A concerto usually consists of five movements.

Q: The concerto is an instrumental form based on the opposition between two dissimilar bodies of sound.

Q: The Four Seasons is considered program music.

Q: Vivaldis music contributed decisively to the development of violin style and technique.

Q: Vivaldi lived in Venice, where he taught music at a girls school.

Q: Antonio Vivaldi composed over 200 concertos for solo violin.

Q: The Baroque concerto is written for a solo instrument with a continuo accompaniment.

Q: Instrumental music endowed with literary or pictorial associations is known as: a. program music. c. opera. b. absolute music. d. cantata.

Q: The alternation between orchestral refrains and virtuosic outbursts by the soloist(s) is known as: a. ritornello form. c. oratorio form. b. da capo form. d. sonata form.