Visual Arts

Q: Popular psychology books often profile the behaviors and characteristics of the “opposite sexes.” Based on your understanding of material from Chapter 1, how would you critique this labeling of men and women? Make sure your answer demonstrates your understanding of essentializing, androgyny, and sex and gender. The framework for the answer to this essay may be found throughout Chapter 1.

Q: Psychological responsibility

Q: The term “cis” has come to be used to designate a person who fits conventional gender categories. Explain how cis is used and why it is an important word.

Q: Define levels of meaning in communication and provide a concrete example of each level of meaning.

Q: Socialization into gendered speech communities can make it challenging for men and women to be friends.

Q: Intersexed

Q: Gay and lesbian couples tend to share perspectives on how to communicate affection.

Q: Most transsexuals experience a change in their sexual orientation after transitioning.

Q: Cross-sex friendships tend to benefit women more than men.

Q: Content and relational levels of meaning

Q: Men who have sex with a lot of partners tend to be judged more harshly than women who do the same.

Q: Essentializing

Q: Gay and lesbian relationships tend to follow a best-friend model with the additional dimensions of sexuality and romance.

Q: Sex

Q: Lesbians report greater satisfaction with their romantic relationships than either gay men or heterosexuals.

Q: Gender

Q: The demand-withdraw pattern explains why sexual tension often exists in cross-sex friendships

Q: Sexual Orientation

Q: In heterosexual couples in which the woman earns substantially more than the man, the man performs the majority of household labor.

Q: Regardless of sexual orientation, most couples have one partner that takes on most of the burden of caring for the relational health of the couple.

Q: There are two distinct genders, female and male.

Q: Symbols

Q: In a heterosexual relationship, the male partner would be the one most likely to be responsible for remembering the child’s doctor’s appointments.

Q: Gender identity is the same thing as one’s biological sex.

Q: Typically, men do not value friendships as much as women.

Q: Kaitlin and her partner Adam have spent a lot of time fighting and avoiding each other recently. Kaitlin is upset about the situation and wants to fix the problem. Adam doesn’t seem to have noticed that anything is wrong. Kaitlin takes it upon herself to start a conversation with Adam about their issues. This reflects Kaitlin and Adam’s A. tension between autonomy and connection. B. differing ways of showing affection. C. gendered responsibility for relational health. D. gendered power dynamics. E. none of the above.

Q: Gender is a relational concept because masculinity and femininity make sense in relation to one another.

Q: Working women in heterosexual relationships typically engage in the majority of home and family care taking duties, which are frequently routine, repetitive, and constrained by deadlines. The term that this statement best defines is A. psychological responsibility. B. wonder woman syndrome. C. soccer mom. D. second-shift job. E. the Mommy Myth.

Q: Which of the following tends to be true about lesbian relationships? A. One partner tends to be expected to be the breadwinner. B. They tend to be based on tangible investments such as money and possessions. C. They tend to be bound by traditional gender roles. D. The partners involved tend to have the most equality of all types of relationships. E. None of the above.

Q: The thinness valued as desirable and beautiful in American culture has always been the standard for attractiveness in that culture.

Q: Which of the following are features of feminine (often female) friendships? A. They often contain covert intimacy. B. Doing activities together is the primary way to build closeness. C. The friends do things for each other to show that they care. D. They are less likely than men’s friendships to last if one friend moves away. E. None of the above.

Q: The Industrial Revolution led to the redefinition of masculinity and femininity.

Q: Which of the following is true about nonromantic friendships between men and women? A. For many women, a primary benefit of friendships with men is that they are emotionally closer than their friendships with women. B. For many men, a primary benefit of friendships with women is that they are lighter and more fun than their friendships with men. C. In friendships between women and men, men typically talk more and get more attention than they offer. D. Nonromantic friendships between women and men have the advantage of being free from sexual tension. E. Both women and men tend to seek out men in times of stress.

Q: If you were to speak out on campus about sexual assault, you could possibly change the way your friends conceptualize gendered violence.

Q: Gender differences are apparent in the ways people manage conflict. Feminine people, in general, tend to respond to conflict by A. defering or compromising to reduce tension. B. issuing ultimatums. C. refusing to listen or discuss an issue. D. asserting that the partner is blowing things out of proportion. E. all of the above.

Q: Hermaphrodite is the preferred word for people who have male and female sex organs.

Q: Androgyny is a term describing individuals who “feel their biological sex is wrong— that they are really women trapped in men’s bodies or men trapped in women’s bodies.”

Q: Topic or question should come from class business. See pages 7-8 of this manual for details on this activity. True/False

Q: Which of the following is NOT one of the ways cultures reflect their views of gender? A. communication within the culture B. cultural practices C. cultural institutions D. biology E. none of these

Q: Same-sex schools provide some benefits that are appealing to many students, parents, and educators. However, same-sex schools present issues for trans-people that nongender queer people do not confront. Note three potential problems that trans-people face at same-sex schools that others do not. Then, propose a potential solution to one of those problems.

Q: Which of the following persons would be accurately described as “cisgendered”? A. a person born as a biological female who embodies both masculine and feminine characteristics B. a biological male who prefers romantic and sexual relationships with biological males C. a biological female who identifies as female and feminine D. a biological female who enjoys dressing in men’s clothing E. a person whose biological sex is inconsistent with their gender identity

Q: Both males and females can be disadvantaged by U.S. school systems. Overall, which group students do you think experiences the most gender-based disadvantages in education? Be sure to use examples of disadvantages and/or other information from the chapter to support your opinion.

Q: The meaning of masculinity and femininity in our lives is affected by A. our age. B. our race. C. our interactions with others. D. the historical time period in which we live. E. all of the above

Q: Research that examines the reasons why working mothers are often forced to return to the workplace earlier than they want and attempts to change the dynamics of the corporate world to end these practices would be best served by which research methods? A. quantitative research methods B. qualitative research methods C. mixed research methods D. critical research methods E. none of these

Q: How do masculine people, often men, who are friends tend to build closeness? A. share activities B. talk about their friendship C. engage in personal disclosure D. engage in small talk E. masculine people who are friends do not build closeness

Q: The term patriarchy literally means A. oppression of females. B. from male standpoint. C. rule by the fathers. D. government by men. E. all of the above

Q: Why are men assumed by some approaches to personal relationships to be deficient at developing and sustaining personal relationships? A. Men have been proven empirically to be bad at relationships. B. Women have been proven empirically to be the best at relationships. C. Many studies of men’s relationships use the “feminine ruler” of talk as the basis of close relationships to judge men’s relationships. D. Both A and B. E. All of the above.

Q: Which of the following is not one of the current meanings of masculinity in American culture? A. emotional engagement B. strength C. ambition D. success E. rationality

Q: Lesbian relationships tend to be A. nonmonogamous. B. low in disclosure and support. C. egalitarian in distributing responsibilities for maintaining the relationship. D. primarily based on doing things rather than talking. E. longer-lasting than heterosexual relationships.

Q: Yan Bing and Dianna are college students discussing how they each define “cheating” in a romantic relationship. Yan Bing considers flirting during an IM conversation cheating, but Dianna thinks cheating only involves physical contact. Later, they continue the discussion with friends over dinner. This scenario best describes which of the following? A. Communication is a dynamic and contextual. B. Communication is gendered. C. Yan Bing and Dianna are exhibiting feminine styles of communication. D. Content level of meaning and relationship level of meaning are not the same thing. E. All of the above

Q: Which of the following is true about romantic relationships? A. Women tend to fall in love faster and harder than men. B. Women perceive of love in terms of taking trips to romantic places, spontaneously making love, and surprising their partners. C. In romantic relationships between women and men, attitudes toward sexual activity have undergone profound changes over the last several decades. D. Women are more likely than men to focus on relationship dynamics. E. All of the above.

Q: A professor says to a student, “I will not accept your paper after 5 pm today.” The content level of meaning in this message is that A. the professor is open to negotiation. B. the professor feels s/he has to explain the policy to the student. C. the professor can exercise power over the student. D. the professor feels s/he has greater status than the student. E. the professor won’t accept the paper after 5 pm today.

Q: Emily feels that she and her partner Luke spend too much time together, and she wants more time for her individual interests and activities. Luke feels that they should spend most of their time with each other. The tension between them reflects A. tension over autonomy and connection. B. tension over bonding rituals. C. differences between desires for doing and talking. D. differences between desires for expression and instrumentality. E. none of the above.

Q: Effortless perfection

Q: Feminism

Q: Gender-stereotyped curricula

Q: Identify and explain why many people do not identify themselves as feminists, even when their beliefs and values align themselves with those of feminism.

Q: Culture of romance

Q: Explain what the author of Gendered Lives means when she writes that privilege and disadvantage are unearned.

Q: Invisible hand discrimination

Q: The author of your textbook talks about privileges and disadvantages that are part of her social location (and standpoint) that she did not earn and explains how they shape how she sees the world. Choose one privilege and one disadvantage that is part of your social location and explain how it shapes how you see the world.

Q: The author of your textbook argues that while many believe that we live in a post-feminist era, in which gendered inequalities have largely been eliminated, we do not in fact live in a culture of gender equality. What reasons does she use to support her argument?

Q: Discuss the controversy over female abilities for math and/or science. How do females typically fare in math and science? Be sure to address biological and social factors.

Q: What reasons does the author of your textbook provide for preferring the term “partner” to terms such as “spouse,” “husband,” or “wife?”

Q: Describe how gender contributes to how women faculty members are expected to serve the universities for which they work.

Q: Rick was born with male and female sex organs. Which of the following is the best term to describe Rick as a person with biological qualities of a male and a female? A. transsexuals B. intersexed C. transgendered D. gender rebels E. dualsexed

Q: With the passage of Title IX, female students were given access to athletic opportunities that were unknown to women of prior generations. Explain the basic framework of Title IX – what it promises and requires – and based on information found in Chapter 8, assess how well schools are implementing this law.

Q: College males report studying more than college females do.

Q: Inclusive language

Q: Title IX

Q: When non-U.S. cultures are examined, it becomes clear that there are innate sex differences in math and science ability.

Q: Because our perspectives are limited by our social positions (e.g., sex, class, race, sexual orientation), we can never fully understand the lives of people who differ from us.

Q: People practicing invisible hand discrimination truly believe they are acting in an unbiased manner.

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